[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s13 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s13: Gh Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s13 - **Language:** English ### Gh ### [v1.c3.s13.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.1) Gharma denotes in the Rigveda¹ and later² the pot used for heating milk, especially for the offering to the Aśvins. It hence often³ denotes the hot milk itself, or some other hot drink. ### [v1.c3.s13.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.2) ¹ iii. 53, 14; v. 30, 15; 43, 7; 76, 1, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.3) ² Av. vii. 73, 6; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, viii. 61; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, i. 18. 22, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.4) ³ Rv. i. 119, 2; 180, 4; vii. 70, 2; viii. 9, 4, etc.; Av. iv. 1, 2; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxxviii. 6, etc. Cf. Nirukta, vi. 32; xi. 42; Zimmer, \*Altindisches Leben\*, 271; St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. ### [v1.c3.s13.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.5) Ghāsa means ‘fodder’ in the Atharvaveda¹ and later.² In the Rigveda³ Ghāsi is used of the fodder of the horse victim at the Aśvamedha. ### [v1.c3.s13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.6) ¹ Av. iv. 38, 7; viii. 7, 8; xi. 5, 18, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.7) ² Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xi. 75; xxi. 43; Taittirīya Saṃhitā, vi. 5, 9, 3; Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 6, 3, 10, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.8) ³ i. 162, 14. ### [v1.c3.s13.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.9) Ghr̥ṇivant is the name of some animal in the list of victims at the Aśvamedha, or horse sacrifice, in the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā.¹ In the parallel passage of the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā² Ghr̥ṇivant is the reading. Elsewhere the word is adjectival.³ ### [v1.c3.s13.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.10) ¹ xxiv. 39. ### [v1.c3.s13.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.11) ² iii. 14, 20. ### [v1.c3.s13.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.12) ³ Rv. x. 176, 3. Cf. Zimmer, \*Altindisches Leben\*, 99. ### [v1.c3.s13.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.13) Ghrta, the modern Ghee or ‘clarified butter,’ is repeatedly mentioned in the Rigveda¹ and later² both as in ordinary use and as a customary form of sacrifice. According to a citation in Sāyaṇa’s commentary on the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa,³ the distinction between Ghrta and Sarpis consisted in the latter being butter fully melted, while the former was butter melted and hardened (ghanī-bhūta), but this distinction cannot be pressed. Because the butter was thrown into the fire, Agni is styled ‘butter-faced’ (ghṛta-pratīka),⁴ ‘butter-backed’ (ghṛta-pṛṣṭha),⁵ and ‘propitiated with butter’ (ghṛta-prasatta),⁶ and ‘fond of butter’ (ghṛta-prī⁷). Water was used to purify the butter: the waters were therefore called ‘butter-cleansing’ (ghṛta-pū).⁸ In the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa⁹ it is said that Ājya, Ghrta, Āyuta, and Navanīta pertain to gods, men, Pitṛs, and embryos respectively. ### [v1.c3.s13.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.14) ¹ i. 134, 6; ii. 10, 4; iv. 10, 6; 58, 5. 7. 9; v. 12, 1, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.15) ² Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, ii. 22, etc.; Av. iii. 13, 5, etc.; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, i. 8, 1, 7 (with Dadhi, Mastu, Amikṣā); ix. 2, 1, 1 (Dadhi, Madhu, Ghrta), etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.16) ³ i. 3 (p. 240, edition Aufrecht). ### [v1.c3.s13.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.17) ⁴ Rv. i. 143, 7; iii. 1, 18; v. 11, 1; x. 21, 7, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.18) ⁵ Rv. i. 164, 1; v. 4, 3; 37, 1; vii. 2, 4, etc. ### [v1.c3.s13.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.19) ⁶ Rv. v. 15, 1. ### [v1.c3.s13.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.20) ⁷ Av. xii. 1, 20; xviii. 4, 41. ### [v1.c3.s13.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.21) ⁸ i. 3. Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 227. ### [v1.c3.s13.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.22) Ghrta-kauśika is mentioned in the first two Vamśas (lists of teachers) of the Mādhyamdina recension of the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad¹ as a pupil of Pārāśaryāyaṇa. ### [v1.c3.s13.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.23) ¹ ii. 5, 21; iv. 5, 27. Cf. Weber, Indische Studien, 4, 384. ### [v1.c3.s13.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.24) Ghora Āṅgirasa is the name of a mythical teacher in the Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa¹ and the Chāndogya Upaniṣad,² where he is teacher of the strange Kṛṣṇa Devakīputra. That the name is certainly a mere figment is shown by the fact that this ‘dread descendant of the Aṅgirases’ has a counterpart in Bhiṣaj Ātharvaṇa,³ ‘the healing descendant of the Atharvans,’ while in the Rigveda Sūtras⁴ the Atharvāṇo vedaḥ is connected with \*bheṣajam\* and the \*Āṅgiraso vedaḥ\* with \*ghoram\*. He is accordingly a personification of the dark side of the practice of the Atharvaveda.⁵ He is also mentioned in the Aśvamedha section of the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā.⁶ ### [v1.c3.s13.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.25) ¹ xxx. 6. Cf. Āśvalāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xii. 10. ### [v1.c3.s13.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.26) ² iii. 17, 6. ### [v1.c3.s13.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.27) ³ Weber, Indische Studien, 3, 459. ### [v1.c3.s13.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.28) ⁴ Āśvalāyana Śrauta Sūtra, x. 7; Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xvi. 2; Journal of the American Oriental Society, 17, 181. ### [v1.c3.s13.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.29) ⁵ Bloomfield, \*Hymns of the Atharvaveda\*, xx, xxi, xxxviii; \*Atharvaveda\*, 8, 23; Macdonell, \*Sanskrit Literature\*, 189, 190; Hillebrandt, \*Vedische Mythologie\*, 2, 160, n. 4. ### [v1.c3.s13.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.30) ⁶ i. 1. ### [v1.c3.s13.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.31) Ghoṣā. See Ghoṣā. ### [v1.c3.s13.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.32) Ghoṣavant. See Svara. ### [v1.c3.s13.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.33) Ghoṣā is mentioned as a protégée of the Aśvins in two passages of the Rigveda,¹ probably as the recipient of a husband, who is perhaps referred to in another passage² as Arjuna, though this is not likely. Sāyaṇa finds a reference there to a skin disease, which is considered in the later tradition of the Bṛhaddevatā³ to have been the cause of her remaining unwed, but this view is not tenable. According to Sāyaṇa, her son, Suhastya, is alluded to in an obscure verse of the Rigveda⁴; Oldenberg,⁵ however, here sees a reference to Ghoṣā herself, while Pischel⁶ thinks that the form (\*ghoṣe\*) is not a noun at all, but verbal. ### [v1.c3.s13.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.34) ¹ i. 117, 7; x. 40, 5. \*Cf.\* x. 39, 3. 6. ### [v1.c3.s13.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.35) ² i. 122, 5. See Oldenberg, \*Ṛgveda-Noten\*, 1, 123. ### [v1.c3.s13.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.36) ³ vii. 41-48, with Macdonell's notes. ### [v1.c3.s13.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.37) ⁴ i. 120, 5. ### [v1.c3.s13.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.38) ⁵ \*Op. cit.\*, 119. Suhastya is apparently invented from x. 41, 3, probably assisted by the fact that Vadhrimatī was given a son, Hiranyahasta, by the Aśvins (Rv. i. 117, 24). ### [v1.c3.s13.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13.39) ⁶ \*Vedische Studien\*, 1, 4; 2, 92. \*Cf.\* Ludwig, \*Translation of the Rigveda\*, 3, 143; \*Über Methode bei Interpretation des Rigveda\*, 43; Muir, \*Sanskrit Texts\*, 5, 247; Macdonell, \*Vedic Mythology\*, p. 52. ## Linked texts (15) - [Ṛgvedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.rg.3.53.14) — Sanskrit - [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.suklayajur*vajasaneyi.8.61) — Sanskrit - [Atharvavedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.atharva.7.73.6) — Atharvan & Aṅgiras, Sanskrit - [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.aitreya.1.18) — Mahidāsa Aitareya, Sanskrit - [Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.kausitaki.30.6) — Kauṣītaki, Sanskrit - [Śāṅkhāyanaśrautasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.srauta.sankhayana.16.2) — Śāṅkhāyana, Sanskrit - [Taittirīyasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.krsnayajur*taittiriya.6.5.9.3) — Sanskrit - [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.taittiriya.1.6.3.10) — Sanskrit - [Bṛhaddevatā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.misc.anukramani.brhaddevata.7.41) — Śaunaka, Sanskrit - [Kāṭhakasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.krsnayajur*kathaka.1.1) — Sanskrit - [Maitrāyaṇīsaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.krsnayajur*maitrayani.3.14.20) — Sanskrit - [Chāndogyopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.chandogya.3.17.6) — Sanskrit - [Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.brhadaranyaka.2.5) — Sanskrit - [Śatapathabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.satapatha.1.8.1.7) — Yājñavalkya & Śāṇḍilya (Vedic teacher), Sanskrit - [Āśvalāyanaśrautasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.srauta.asvalayana) — Āśvalāyana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s13) · Pramāṇa