[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s16.14 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s16.14 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s16.14 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s16.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16.14) Jana, besides meaning ‘man’ as an individual, with a tendency to the collective sense, commonly denotes a ‘people’ or ‘tribe’ in the Rigveda and later. Thus, the ‘five tribes’ (Panca Janāḥ or Janāsaḥ) are frequently referred to, and in one hymn of the Rigveda¹ the ‘people of Yadu’ (yādva jana) and the Yadus (yādvāḥ) are synonymous. Again, the king (rājan) is described as ‘protector (gopā) of the people (janasya),’² and there are other references to king and Jana.³ The people of the Bharatas (bhārata jana) is also mentioned;⁴ there is no ground to assume with Hopkins⁵ that Jana in this case means a clan or horde (Grāma), as distinguished from a people. - [Previous: v1.c3.s16.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16.13) - [Next: v1.c3.s16.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16.15) - [Up: v1.c3.s16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s16.14) · Pramāṇa