[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s21.390 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s21.390 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s21.390 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s21.390](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21.390) Parā-vṛj is a term found in four passages of the Rigveda,¹ in all of which it refers to a person in a forlorn condition, while one² of them also speaks of him as going south. Sāyaṇa’s³ view that the word is a proper name is most unlikely, while Grassmann’s⁴ explanation of it as ‘cripple’ is still less probable. - [Previous: v1.c3.s21.389](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21.389) - [Next: v1.c3.s21.391](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21.391) - [Up: v1.c3.s21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21.390](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s21.390) · Pramāṇa