[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v1.c3.s4.201 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s4.201 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v1.c3.s4.201 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c3.s4.201](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4.201) Upa-staraṇa denotes in the description of the couch (Paryaṅka) in the Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad¹ a ‘coverlet,’ and has this sense, used metaphorically, in the Rigveda² also. In the Atharvaveda³ it seems to have the same meaning. Whitney,⁴ however, renders it ‘couch,’ though he translates⁵ the parallel word Āstaraṇa in another passage⁶ by ‘cushion.’ - [Previous: v1.c3.s4.200](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4.200) - [Next: v1.c3.s4.202](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4.202) - [Up: v1.c3.s4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4.201](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v1.c3.s4.201) · Pramāṇa