[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v2.c4.s2.413 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v2.c4.s2.413 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v2.c4.s2.413 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c4.s2.413](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2.413) The technical name for study is Svādhyāya: the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa is eloquent upon its advantages,⁷³ and it is asserted that the joy of the learned Śrotriya, or ‘student,’ is equal to the highest joy possible.⁷⁴ Nāka Maudgalya held that study and the teaching of others were the true penance (\*tapas\*).⁷⁵ The object was the ‘threefold knowledge’ (\*trayī vidyā\*), that of the Ṛc, Yajus, and Sāman,⁷⁶ a student of all three Vedas being called \*tri-śukriya\* 77 or \*tri-śukra\*,⁷⁸ ‘thrice pure.’ Other objects of study are enumerated in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa,⁷⁹ in the Taittirīya Āraṇyaka,⁸⁰ the Chāndogya Upaniṣad,⁸¹ etc. (See Itihāsa, Purāṇa; Gāthā, Nārāśamsī; Brahmodya; Anuśāsana, Anuvyākhyāna, Anvākhyāna, Kalpa, 2. Brāhmaṇa; Vidyā, Kṣatravidyā, Devajanavidyā, Nakṣatravidyā, Bhūtavidyā, Sarpavidyā; Atharvāṅgirasaḥ, Daiva, Nidhi, Pitrya, Rāśi; Sūtra, etc.) - [Previous: v2.c4.s2.412](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2.412) - [Next: v2.c4.s2.414](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2.414) - [Up: v2.c4.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2.413](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s2.413) · Pramāṇa