[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Vedic Index of Names and Subjects](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912) › v2.c4.s8.160 # Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v2.c4.s8.160 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects v2.c4.s8.160 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c4.s8.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8.160) It is impossible to say with certainty whether Śambara was a real person or not. Hillebrandt⁹ is strongly in favour of the theory that he was a real chief as enemy of Divodāsa: he relies on the statistics¹⁰ of the mention of the name to show that, whereas he was conceived as a real foe in the hymns of the time of Divodāsa, later texts, like those of the seventh Maṇḍala, make him into a demon, as a result of the change of scene from Arachosia to India. As a matter of fact, apart from this theory, Śambara was quite possibly an aboriginal enemy in India, living in the mountains.¹¹ - [Previous: v2.c4.s8.159](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8.159) - [Next: v2.c4.s8.161](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8.161) - [Up: v2.c4.s8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.macdonell-keith-1912.v2.c4.s8.160) · Pramāṇa