[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975) › c7.210 # Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature c7.210 Purāṇic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Purāṇic Literature c7.210 - **Language:** English ### [c7.210.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.1) (3) Garuḍa had married the four daughters of Dakṣaprajāpati. (Bhāgavata, 6th Skandha). (4) He had a son named Kapota. (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 101), (5) During the Rāma-Rāvaṇa war Lakṣmaṇa, Sugrīva and all the monkeys swooned hit by the nāgāstra of Indrajit. Śrī Rāma then thought of Garuḍa, who at once came down on earth and bit away the nāgapāśa. (Kamba Rāmāyaṇa Yuddhakāṇḍa). (6) Garuḍa was present at the birth-day celebrations of Arjuna. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 122, Verse 50). (7) At the birth of Subrahmaṇya Garuḍa submitted his own son, Mayūra, as a present. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 86, Verse 21). 20) Synonyms for Garuḍa. Garutmān Garuḍas Tārkṣyo Vainateyaḥ Khageśvaraḥ/ Nāgāntako Viṣnurathaḥ Suparṇaḥ Pannagāsanaḥ. // (Garutmān, Garuḍa, Tārkṣya, Vainateya, Khageśvara, Nāgāntaka, Viṣnuratha, Suparṇa, Pannagāsana. (Amarakośa). 21) Names used in the Mahābhārata to represent Garuḍa. Aruṇānuja, Bhujagāri, Garutmān, Kāśyapeya, Khagarāt, Pakṣirāja, Patagapati, Patageśvara, Suparṇa, Tārkṣya, Vainateya, Vinatānandavardhana, Vinatāsūnu, Vinatāsuta, Vinatātmaja. (For story regarding how Garuḍa stopped eating nāgas see under Jimūtavāhana). GARUḌAPURĀṆA. One of the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas. This is believed to be a narration to Garuḍa by Mahāviṣṇu. There are eight thousand ślokas in it. There is an opinion that only the Tārkṣyakalpa is of Viṣṇu. The theme of the Purāṇa is the birth of Garuḍa from Brahmāṇḍa. ### [c7.210.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.2) If this Purāṇa is given as a gift it should be given along with the image of a swan in gold. (Chapter 272, Agni Purāṇa). GARUḌAVYŪHA. A system of arranging soldiers on the battlefield in the shape of Garuḍa. GATITĀLI. A warrior of Skandadeva. (Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 67). GĀTRA. A maharṣi, the son of Vasiṣṭha, who had by Ūrjā seven Ṛṣis called Rajas, Gātra, Ūrdhvabāhu, Savana, Alaghu, Śukra and Sutapas. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 20). GAURA (M). A mountain in the Kuśa island. (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 12, Verse 4). GAURAMUKHA. A son of sage Śamīka. It was Śamīka's son Śṛṅgī, who cursed Parīkṣit to death by snake-bite. (See Parīkṣit). Śṛṅgī cursed that Parīkṣit, while in meditation, would be bitten to death by snake within seven days. Śṛṅgī sent word about the curse through his disciple Gauramukha to Parīkṣit. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 42, Verses 14-22). GAURAPRABHA. Son born to Śuka (Vyāsa's son) by his wife Pīvari. Śuka had four sons called Kṛṣṇa, Gauraprabha, Bhūri and Devaśruta and a daughter Kīrti. (Devibhāgavata, Prathama Skandha). GAURAPRṢṬHA. A royal sage who worships Yama at his sabhā (assembly). (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 8, Verse 21). GAURAŚIRAS. A sage of ancient days, who worshipped Indra in his assembly. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 8, Verse 11). GAURAVĀHANA. A King, who was present at the rājasūya sacrifice of Yudhiṣṭhira. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 34, Verse 12). GAURĪ I. See Pārvatī. GAURĪ II. A female attendant (Devī) of Pārvatī. (Vana Parva, Chapter 231, Verse 48). GAURĪ III. ### [c7.210.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.3) Wife of Varuṇa. (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 117, Verse 9). GAURĪ IV. An Indian river. (Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 25). GAURĪŚIKHARA (M). A sacred place on the Himālayas. A bath in Sthānakunda here brings the same benefits as are derived from the performance of Vājapeya and Aśvamedha sacrifices. (Vana Parva, Chapter 84, Verse 151). GAUTAMA 1 1) General Information. The Purāṇas record about a sage called Gautama though nothing is known about his genealogy. Yet the genealogy of his wife Ahalyā is available. See under ‘Ahalyā’. 2) Sons of Gautama. The eldest son of Gautama was Śatānanda. (Śloka 2, Sarga, 51, Bāla Kāṇḍa, Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa). Gautama had two sons. Śaradvān and Śaradvān was born with arrows in his hand. (Śloka 2, Chapter 130, Ādi Parva). Cirakārī used to ponder over everything before he acted and so all his actions were delayed. He got his name Cirakārī. (Chapter 266, Sabhā Parva). Śaradvān was known as Gautama also. That was why Kṛpa and Kṛpī, children of Śaradvān were known as Gautama and Gautamī. (Śloka 2, Chapter 129, Ādi Parva). Besides these, Gautama had a daughter of unknown name. There is a reference to this girl in śloka 11 of Chapter 56 of Aśvamedha Parva. It is reported that this daughter wept when Utaṅga a disciple of Gautama came to the āśrama with a huge load of firewood on his head. In Chapter 4, of Vāmana Purāṇa there is a reference to a few other daughters of Gautama, namely, Jayā, Jayantī and Aparājī. ### [c7.210.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.4) 3) An attempt to kill Ahalyā. Once when Gautama was away from the āśrama Indra came there as a guest. Considering it as her duty to treat a guest of her husband properly during his absence Ahalyā received him well and gave him fruit to ease his tiredness. Indra went back. Gautama on knowing this on his return suspected the chastity of his wife and calling his son Cirakārī to his side asked him to cut off her head. After giving the order Gautama went to the forests. Cirakārī had a peculiar nature. He will ponder over things deeply before taking any action. He knew he must obey the orders of his father but killing one's own mother was a greater sin than disobeying a father. Weighing the merits and demerits of the act Cirakārī sat thinking without doing anything. Gautama when he reached the forest thought again about Ahalyā and her crime. After all what has she done? A guest came to the āśrama and as duty-bound she welcomed him. It was indeed a great sin to have killed her by her own son. Immersed in thoughts of this kind, sad and repentant, Gautama returned to the āśrama to find Cirakārī sitting silently deeply engrossed in thoughts. On seeing his father Cirakārī was perplexed and he explained to his father about the good and bad effects of his order. Gautama was pleased at this and he blessed him with long life. ### [c7.210.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.5) 4) How the disciple Utaṅga was tested. Utaṅga was the best of the disciples of Gautama. So even when all the other disciples were sent away Gautama asked Utaṅga to continue as a disciple which Utaṅga did most willingly. The disciple became old with grey hairs. Then taking pity on him Gautama received gurudakṣiṇā from Utaṅga and sent him away with blessings. (For details see under ‘Utaṅga’). 5) Curse of Ahalyā. Indra became a lover of Ahalyā and slept with her. Gautama coming to know of that cursed both Indra and Ahalyā. (For details see under Ahalyā). 6) Other details regarding Gautama. (i) Kalmāṣapāda, King of Ayodhyā, lived for twelve years as a demon following a curse of Vasiṣṭha. At last he took refuge in Gautama and following his advice went to Gokarṇa and doing penance there to propitiate Śiva attained mokṣa. (Śivarātri Māhātmya). (ii) It was sage Nodhas, alias Gautama, who composed Sūkta 58, Maṇḍala one of Ṛgveda. (iii) Lakṣmaṇa, brother of Śrī Rāma, constructed a palace called Vaijayanta near the āśrama of Gautama. (Uttara Rāmāyaṇa). (iv) Gautama is one of the seven sages (saptarṣis (Śloka 50, Chapter 133, Anuśāsana Parva). (v) Gautama sat in the court of Brahmā and worshipped Brahmā. (M.B. Sabhā Parva). (vi) Gautama once blessed Dyumatsena, father of Satyavān, and said that he would regain his eyesight. (Śloka 11, Chapter 298, Vana Parva). ### [c7.210.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210.6) (vii) It was the war between the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas broke out Gautama went to the Kurukṣetra battlefield and advised Droṇa to stop the battle. (Śloka 36, Chapter 190, Droṇa Parva). (viii) Gautama was also one of the many sages who visited Bhīṣma while he was lying on his bed of arrows. (ix) Once Gautama built a hermitage on the top of the mountain Pāriyātra and did penance there for sixtythousand years. Kāla, the God of time, then appeared before him and Gautama received him well and sent him away. (Śloka 10, Chapter 47, Śānti Parva). x) Once Gautama turned the moustache of Indra green by a curse for showing disrespect to him. (Śloka 23, Chapter 352, Śānti Parva). (xi) When Gautama was born, there was such brilliance that the surrounding darkness was removed and so the boy was named Gautama (Gau=light rays, Tamas=darkness) to mean the remover of darkness. (Śloka 94, Chapter 93, Anuśāsana Parva). (xii) Gautama instructed the King Vṛṣadarbhi on the evil of accepting rewards for good deeds. (Śloka 42, Chapter 93, Anuśāsana Parva). (xiii) Gautama was also one among the ṛṣis who swore that they were not involved in the theft of the lotuses of the sage Agastya. (Śloka 19, Chapter 94, Anuśāsana Parva, M.B.). --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c7.210) · Pramāṇa