[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975) › c8.1045 # Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature c8.1045 Purāṇic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Purāṇic Literature c8.1045 - **Language:** English ### [c8.1045.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045.1) 2) Adhamatraya. (Three kinds of low people). The three classes of people who are considered to have a very low position in society are the wifeless, sonless and servantless ones. 3) Abhijātavihitatraya. (Three dealings with men of equal nobility). The three important dealings which should be had with only people of equal nobility are alliance, marriage and litigation. 4) Abhinayatraya. (Three kinds of acts). The three kinds of acts are the Hastābhinaya (actions with the hand), Aṅgyābhinaya (actions with gestures) and Rasābhinaya (actions with expressions of sentiment). 5) Avasthātraya. Man lives always in any one of the following states : Wakefulness, Dreaming and Sleep. 6) Avasthābhedatraya. The three different forms in which matter exists as Ghana, (solid) Drava (liquid) and Vātaka (gas). 7) Āsanatraya. Three kinds of important postures are Virāsana, Padmāsana, and Svastikāsana. 8) Itivṛttatraya. The three kinds of plots in a story are Prakhyāta, Utpādya and Miśra. 9) Ṛṇatraya. The three different kinds of debts of man are Deva-ṛṇa (debts to gods), Pitṛ-ṛṇa (debts to the Manes) and Ṛṣi-ṛṇa (debts to ṛṣis). 10) Eṣaṇātraya. Eṣaṇā means desire. The three kinds of eṣaṇās are Putra-iṣaṇā (desire for children), Vitta-iṣaṇā (desire for wealth) and Dāra-iṣaṇā (desire for wife). 11) Karaṇatraya. The three instruments of action are mind, speech and body. ### [c8.1045.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045.2) 12) Karmatraya. The three actions are Sṛṣṭi (creation), Sthiti (maintenance) and Saṃhāra (destruction). Yāga, Vedapāṭhana and Dharma also form one Karmatraya. 13) Karmakāraṇatraya. The three kinds of causes of action are knowledge, what is to be known and what has already been known (Jñāna, Jñeya and Jñātā). 14) Kālatraya. Past, present and future are the three divisions of time. 15) Kāvyatraya. Gadya (prose), Padya (verse) and Miśra (combination of gadya and padya) are the three different constituents of literature. 16) Kāvyaguṇatraya. The three chief qualities of poetic compositions are Prasāda (clearness of style), Mādhurya (sweetness of style) and Ojas (force of expression). 17) Kāvyopādhitraya. The three main attributes of poetic compositions are Vastu (plot), Rīti (diction) and Rasa (sentiment). 18) Gandharvadharmatraya. The three duties assigned to a Gandharva are Pūjyasevā (serving venerable people worthy of worship), Nṛtyagītavādyaparijñāna (study of dance, music and instrumental music) and remaining devoted to Sarasvatī (goddess of learning). 19) Guṇatraya. The three distinguishing properties of nature (guṇas) belonging to all created beings are Sattvaguṇa, Rajoguṇa and Tamoguṇa. The three good qualities (guṇas) of Man are Satya (truth), Sadācāra (good conduct) and Lajjā (modesty). The three results or benefits (guṇas) to which man aspires are Dhana (wealth), Kīrti (fame) and Svarga (heaven). ### [c8.1045.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045.3) 20) Gurutraya. The three gurus are Mātā (mother) Pitā (father) and Ācārya (preceptor). Guru, Paramaguru and Parameṣṭhiguru are also three gurus. 21) Tāpatrayas The three kinds of miseries (which human beings have to suffer in this world are Ādhyātmika (of the body and mind), Ādhibhautika (inflicted by animals) and Ādhidaivika (by fate). The other three tāpas (agonies) are Anakṣarajñasambhāṣaṇa (conversing with illiterate persons), Duṣprabhusevana (serving arrogant masters) and Lambapayodharālīṅgana (embracing women with hanging breasts). 22) Tauryatrika. The three constituents of triple symphony are Dance, Music and Instrumental music. 23) Jātitraya. The three distinguishing types of all created beings are Uttama (best), Madhyama (mediocre) and Adhama (worst). 24) Doṣatraya. The disorders of the three humours of the body are Vāta (wind), Pitta (Bile) and Kapha (phlegm). Avyāpti, Ativyāpti and Asambhava are also three doṣas (fallacies). 25) Triputikās. Jñātā (knower), Jñāna (knowledge) and Jñeya (the object of knowledge) are the three puṭikās. Subject, predicate and object are also three puṭikās. 26) Tripuras. The three demons who always formed a group are Tārakākṣa, Kamalākṣa and Vidyunmāli. 27) Tribhuvana. Svarga (heaven), Bhūmi, (earth) and Pātāla (Netherworld) are the three bhuvanas. (worlds). 28) Trimadhura. The three sweet things are honey, sugar and Kadali (plantain fruit). 29) Trimūrtis. The three Mūrtis (deities) are Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśvara. ### [c8.1045.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045.4) 30) Triliṅga. The three liṅgas (genders) are Pulliṅga (masculine), Strīliṅga (feminine) and Napuṃsaka (neuter). 31) Triloka. The three worlds are Manuṣyaloka (world of men), Pitṛloka (world of the Manes) and Devaloka (world of the gods). 32) Trivarga. The following groups of three are classed as Trivargas (a) Dharma (Virtue), Artha (wealth) and Kāma (desire). (b) Vṛddhi (increase) Sthāna (same position) and Kṣaya (decrease). (c) Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. 33) Pralayataraya. The three pralayas (floods) are Naimittika (floods due to rains in and out of season) Prākṛtapralaya (floods arising out of saṃvarttāgni) and Ātyantikapralaya (floods due to heavy rains). 34) Trividhayajñas. Yajñas are of three kinds. Karmayajña, Upāsanayajña and Jñānayajña. There are six divisions in Karmayajña namely, Nityakarma, Naimittikakarma, Kāmyakarma, Ādhyātmikakarma, Ādhidavikakarma and Adhibhautikakarma. For Upāsanayajña there are nine divisions namely, Nirguṇopāsana, Saguṇopāsana, Bhūtapretopāsana, Mantrayogavidhi, Aṣṭāṅgayogavidhi, Layayogavidhi, Rājayogavidhi, Avatāropāsana and Maharṣidevopāsana. Jñānayajña has got three divisions namely, Manana, Nididhyāsana and Śravaṇa. 35) Trivṛtti. Vaidarbhī, Pāñcālī and Gauḍī are the three Kāvyavṛttis. 36) Triveda. The three Vedas are Ṛgveda, Yajurveda and Sāmaveda. 37) Triśakti. The three kinds of powers are, power of wealth and position, power of endeavour and power of good counsel (Prabhuśakti, Utsāhaśakti and Mantraśakti). ### [c8.1045.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045.5) 38) Triśarīras. The three bodies or physical adjuncts of a soul are Sthūla, Sūkṣma and Kāraṇa and the three bodies of Paramātman are Īśa, Sūtra and Virāṭ. 39) Trisandhyās. Prabhāta (morning), Madhyāhna (midday) and Sāyāhna (evening) are the three Sandhyās (union of two divisions of time). --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c8.1045) · Pramāṇa