[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975) › c9.5243 # Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature c9.5243 Purāṇic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Purāṇic Literature c9.5243 - **Language:** English ### [c9.5243](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9.5243) ii) Niyama. While Yama is a negative discipline, Niyama is a positive one. It requires the positive practice of virtuous courses. Niyama includes five things :- Śauca (cleanliness), Santoṣa (contentment), Tapas (penance and austerities), Svādhyāya (study of the Vedas and incantations or mantras) and Īśvarapraṇidhāna (prayer and meditating on God). Śauca means not only cleanliness of the body, but also of the mind. The mind must be purged of all 'malas' like kāma, krodha and lobha. Tapas means ability to endure opposites (dvandvas) like heat and cold or joy and sorrow. Svādhyāya is "study of philosophical works." Īśvarapraṇidhāna—dedicating all actions unto God. - [Previous: c9.5242](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9.5242) - [Next: c9.5244](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9.5244) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9.5243](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mani-1975.c9.5243) · Pramāṇa