[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Prakrit Proper Names (Agamic Index I)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970) › v1.c5.s20 # Prakrit Proper Names (Agamic Index I) v1.c5.s20: P Prakrit Proper Names (Āgamic Index I) v1.c5.s20 - **Language:** English ### P ### [v1.c5.s20.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.1) Paigā (Pratikā) Daughter of Pajjuṇaseṇa and wife of Cakkavaṭṭi Bambhadatta(1) ### [v1.c5.s20.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.2) 1 Paṭṭha (Pratiṣṭha) Father of Sapāsa(1) the seventh Titthaṃkara¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.3) ¹ Sam 157 Tir 470 ### [v1.c5.s20.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.4) 2 Paṭṭha Another name of the month of Bhādrapada¹ It is also called Supaṭṭha(4)² ### [v1.c5.s20.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.5) ¹ JAM 152 ### [v1.c5.s20.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.6) ² Sur 53 ### [v1.c5.s20.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.7) Paṭṭhāna (Pratiṣṭhāna) A city situated on the bank of Goyāvarī¹ in Dakkhiṇāvaha² King Sālavāhaṇa reigned there³ On being forced by the ruler of Ujjeṇī preceptor Kālaga(2) left for Paṭṭhāna in the middle of the rainy season which he was spending at Ujjeṇī There he altered the date of pajjosavaṇa from the fifth to the fourth day of the bright half of the month of Bhādrapada, at the instance of king Sālavāhaṇa, for the convenience of the people in view of their local festival of Indra⁴ Merchant Nāgavasu belonged to this place He had a son named Nāgadatta(2) who became a monk. Acarya Pālitta cured its king Muruṃḍa(2) from a severe headache and the latter became his follower.6 Two Brahmin brothers Varahamihira and Bhaddabahu were initiated here. When the title of ācarya was bestowed on the latter the former reverted to Brahmanism.7 Paitthāna is identified with modern Paithan situated on the bank of river Godavari in the Aurangabad District.8 ### [v1.c5.s20.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.8) ¹ BrhKs p 1647 VyaM IV p 36 ### [v1.c5.s20.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.9) ² UttK p 229 ### [v1.c5.s20.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.10) ³ BrhKs. p. 1647 VyaM IV p 36 ### [v1.c5.s20.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.11) ⁴ AvaCu II p 200 AvaN 1299 VisK p 406 BrhM. p 52. NiaCu III pp 130 131 KalpCu p 89 ### [v1.c5.s20.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.12) ¹ Utt 28 23 2 Nan 44 NanM p 208 NanCu p 60 AnuCu. p. 3 Sam 84 3 UttS p 565 4 Nan 41 NanM p 208 GacV p 41 5 Ibid Sam. 84 Vyabha (piṭhikā 119) Vol. 12 p 110 6 See CLJ pp 49-51 for details ### [v1.c5.s20.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.13) 5 A C II p 188 A aN 1280 6 Pi NM p 142 B hkS p 1123 mentions Murṃḍa th king of Kus mapura 7 KalpV p 251 KalpDh p 163 UttK. p 229 8 SGAMI p 154 ### [v1.c5.s20.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.14) Paithāṇa (Pratiṣṭhana) Same as Paitthāna 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.15) 1 A N 1280 1299 Vy M IV p 36 ### [v1.c5.s20.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.16) Paiṇṇa (Prakīrṇa) Same as Paiṇṇaga ### [v1.c5.s20.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.17) 1 Sam 84 ### [v1.c5.s20.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.18) Paiṇṇaga or Paiṇṇaya (Prakīrṇaka) Canonical texts other than eleven Aṃgas(3) and Dṭṭhivāya. All the Amgabahira text whether Avassaya or Avassayavairitta are mentioned as Paiṇṇaga Paiṇṇagajjhayaṇa or Paiṇṇa.2 Śāntisūri excludes Uvamgas from the Paiṇṇaga class.3 The number of these texts is not fixed. It varies with every Titthamkara. It is said that in every tirtha the number of Paiṇṇagas corresponds to that of the disciples of the Jina endowed with four types of knowledge. Paiṇṇagas are composed by these disciples in accordance with the teachings of the Jina.4 There were eighty four thousand Paiṇṇagas in the tirtha of Titthayara Usaha(1) numerable in those of subsequent twenty two and fourteen thousand in that of Titthayara Mahāvīra. In the current sixfold classification of the Agama there are ten Paiṇṇagas. They are as follows Causaraṇa Āura paccakkhāṇa Mahāpaccakkhāṇa Bhaṭṭapariṇṇā Tamḍulaveāliya Samthāraga Gacchāyāra Gaṇivijja Devimdatthaya and Maraṇasamāhi. This number has been fixed since the time of Bhavaprabhasūri (1772 V S) but the names of the texts differ. Bhavaprabhasūri mentions Camdāvijjhaya in place of Gacchāyāra. In the Jaina Granthāvalī three different sets of ten Paiṇṇagas are given. In the first set Virastava and Candravedhyaka replace Maraṇasamahi and Gacch yara. In the second set Aṇvakalpa Gacchācāra Maraṇasamadhi Siddhaprabhṛta Tirthodgāra (Titthogāli) Ārādhanāpatākā Dvipasāgaraprajñapti Jyotiṣarandaka Amgavidyā and Tithi prakīrṇaka find mention and in the third set all the ten names are different viz Piṃḍa visuddhi Saravali Paryantaradhana Jivavibhaktı Kavacaprakarana Yoni prābhṛta Angaculiya Vṛddhacatuḥsarana and Jambupayanno.6 ### [v1.c5.s20.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.19) Painnagajjhayana (Prakirnakadhyayana) Same as Painnaga ¹ 1 NaaCu. p 60 ### [v1.c5.s20.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.20) Pailla (Prakaiya) Same as Payalla ¹ 1 Sur 107 SurM p 295 Sth 90 ### [v1.c5.s20.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.21) Paiva (Pradipa) A Jayava prince ¹ 1 Jna 122 ### [v1.c5.s20.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.22) 1 Pauma (Padma) A big lotus in the centre of lake Nilavanta(2) It is one yojana in length as well as in breadth Its thickness is half a yojana Its circumference measures somewhat more than three yojanas It is ten yojanas deep into and two Krosas high above the water It measures from bottom to top somewhat more than ten yojanas ¹ 1 Ji 149 The e dngs of the t xt nd the commentary seem to be erroneous See Jam 73 ### [v1.c5.s20.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.23) 2 Pauma One of the two deities presiding over Pukkharavaradiva.¹ 1 Ji 176 ### [v1.c5.s20.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.24) 3 Pauma A celestial abode in Sahassarakappa where gods have maximum span of life of eighteen fortnights and have desire for food once in eigh teen thousand years ¹ 1 Sam 18 ### [v1.c5.s20.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.25) 4 Pauma A celestial abode in Mahasukka(1) where gods have maximum span of life of seventeen sagaropama years. They breathe once in seven teen fortnights and have desire for food once in seventeen thousand years. 1 Sam 17 ### [v1.c5.s20.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.26) 5 Pauma Eighth would be Baladeva(2) of the Bharaha(2) region ¹ 1 Sam 158 Tir 1114 ### [v1.c5.s20.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.27) 6 Pauma Eighth Baladeva(2) of the Bharaha(2) region. He was son of king Dasaraha(1) and his queen Aparaiya(3) and brother of Vasudeva(1) Narayana(8) In his previous birth he was Aparaiya(8) Pauma was 16 bows tall Rayagiha is said to be his birthplace as well as of his brother Narayana(1) He renounced the world and attained emancipation He lived for 15000 years ¹ See also Rama(2) 1 Sam 158 Tir 577 AvaN 408 602-616, Vis 1771 Sth 672, A aBh. 41 AvaN 403-414 ### [v1.c5.s20.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.28) 7 Pauma Eighth would be Cakkavatti of the Bharaha(2) region ¹ 1 Sam 158 Tir 1125. ### [v1.c5.s20.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.29) 8 Pauma A merchant of Savatthi who was the father of Pauma(5) ¹ 9 Pauma A merchant belonging to Nāgapura He had a daughter named Paumā(6)¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.30) 10 Pauma One of the eight kings to be consecrated by Mahāpauma(10) the first would be Titthamkara 1 Sth 625 ### [v1.c5.s20.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.31) 11 Pauma An inhabitant of Vijayapura¹ who was the first to offer alms to Samai(7) the fifth Titthamkara² 1 A N 323 | 2 Sam 157 AvaN 327 ### [v1.c5.s20.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.32) 12 Pauma Disciple of preceptor Vaira(2) A monastic offshoot named Paumā(7) started from him 1 K lp p 264 ### [v1.c5.s20.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.33) 13 Pauma Son of Kāla(1) and his wife Paumavai(12) of Campā He renounced the world and became a disciple of Mahāvīra After death he was born as a god in Sohammakappa 1 Nir 2 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.34) 14 Pauma Sixth chapter of the eleventh section of Viyāhapaṇṇatti 1 Bh 409 ### [v1.c5.s20.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.35) 15 Pauma First chapter of Kappavaḍimsiyā 1 Nir 2 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.36) 16 Pauma Presiding god of mount Gamdhāvai 1 J m 111 ### [v1.c5.s20.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.37) 17 Pauma A peak of the southern Ruyaga(1) mountain¹ 1 Sth 643 ### [v1.c5.s20.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.38) 18 Pauma Presiding god of mount Mālavamtapariāa¹ See Pabhāsa(7) 1 Sth 87 302 J M p 244 ### [v1.c5.s20.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.39) 19 Pauma See Mahāpauma(10) 1 Tir 1026 1106 ### [v1.c5.s20.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.40) 1 Paumagumma (Padamagulma) Seventh chapter of Kappavaḍimsiyā¹ 1 N 21 ### [v1.c5.s20.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.41) 2 Paumagumma An abode¹ in the celestial region of Sohamma² Cakkavaṭṭi Bambhadatta's soul descended from this abode³ It is called Nalinigulma as well as Nalinagulma It is similar to the Pauma(3) celestial abode 1 UttC p 214 | 3 Utt 13 1 2 UttCu p 220 UttS p 395 | 4 UttK p 259 UttS p 376 3 Paumagumma Son of Virakaṇha(1) and grandson of king Seṇa(1) He renounced the world and became a monk After observing asceticism for three years he died and again took birth as a god in the Mahāsukka(2) heavenly region ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.42) 4 Paumagumma One of the eight kings to be consecrated by Mahā pauma(10) the first would be Titthamkara ¹ 1 Sth 625 ### [v1.c5.s20.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.43) 5 Paumagumma A celestial abode in Sahassārakappa in which the maxi mum longevity of gods is 18 sagaropama years.¹ 1 S m 18 ### [v1.c5.s20.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.44) Paumajinimda (Padmajinendra) Same as Paumappabha ¹ 1 Tir 1150 ### [v1.c5.s20.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.45) 1 Paumanābha Ninth Cakkavaṭṭi (Supreme king) of the Bharaha(2) region ¹ He is also known as Mahāpauma(4) See Mahāpauma(4) for details 1 AvaN 397 419 | 2 Sam 158 ### [v1.c5.s20.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.46) 2 Paumanābha One of the hundred sons of Usabha(1) ¹ 1 K lpDh p 152 K lpV p 236 ### [v1.c5.s20.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.47) 3 Paumanābha King of Avarakamka(1) in the Dhāyaisamḍa island He had seven hundred wives He kidnapped Dovai and persuaded her to be- come his wife She d d not accept his offer The king had to fight with Pamḍavas sons of king Pamḍu and husbands of Dovai and also with Kaṇha(1) in this connection He was however defeated by Kaṇha and Dovai was restored to Pamḍavas Paumanābha was later dethroned and his son Suṇābha(1) was installed as the king by Vāsudeva(1) Kavila(1) 1 J a 123-5 DasH p 110 Pra A p 87 K lpV p 39 K lpDh pp 34-5 SthA p 524 ### [v1.c5.s20.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.48) Paumanāha (Padmanābha) ¹ See Paumanābha ¹ 1 KalpDh p 152 ### [v1.c5.s20.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.49) Paumadaha or Paumaddaha (Padmadraha) A big lake situated on mount Cullahimavanta ¹ It measures one thousand yojanas in length ² five hun dred yojanas in breadth and ten yojanas in depth ³ In the centre of the lake there is a big lotus made of gems. In the centre of the lotus there stands a palace which has three doors, a couch of jewels and so on There are one hundred and eight more lotuses around the main lotus In 1 Jam. 73 Sth 197 522, PrasA p 96 JvM pp 99 244 368 PrajM p 75 | 2 Sam 113 3 KalpV p. 61 different quarters there are other numerous lotuses It has many goddesses being the retinue of the presiding goddess Siridevi(6) ⁴ As the lake consists of numerous lotuses it is called Paumaddaha Rivers Gamgā Rohiyaṃsā(2) and Siṃdhu(1) are rising from it They first pass through eastern northern and western arches respectively Gods carry water of this lake for consecration ceremony ⁷ ### [v1.c5.s20.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.50) ⁴ SamA p 105 ### [v1.c5.s20.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.51) 4 SamA p 105 5 J m 73 J mS pp 286 294 6 J m 74 7 J 141 ### [v1.c5.s20.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.52) Paumaddhaya (Padmadhvaja) One of the eight kings to be consecrated by Mahāpauma(10) the first would be Titthamkara ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.53) 1 Sth 625 ### [v1.c5.s20.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.54) Paumappabha (Padmaprabha) Sixth Titthamkara of the current descending cycle He was son of king Dhara(2) and his queen Susīmā(1) of Kosambī in Vaccha(1) country His height was two hundred and fifty dhanuasas ³ He was red coloured He took to asceticism along with one thousand men He used the palanquin Vejayamtī(2) He broke his first fast at the house of Somadeva(1) of the town of Bambhathala He obtained omniscience in the Sahasambavana(2) park of Kosambī on the full moon day of the month of Caitra ⁷ Chatrabha was his sacred tree ⁸ Suvvaya(3) was his first disciple ⁹ Rai was his first woman disciple ¹⁰ He had under him 107 groups of monks the same number of group-leaders (ganadharas) 330000 monks and 420000 nuns ¹ He attained emancipation at the end of his life of thirty lakh purvas (7½ lakh as a prince 21½ as a king and 1 lakh as an omniscient) ¹² His other names are Paumābha Suppabha(4) ³ In his previous birth he was Dhammamitta ¹⁴ ### [v1.c5.s20.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.55) ⁷ J 141 ### [v1.c5.s20.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.56) ³ S m 103 A N 378 T 362 ### [v1.c5.s20.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.57) ⁷ A N 241 254 ### [v1.c5.s20.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.58) ⁸ S m 157 T 405 ### [v1.c5.s20.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.59) ⁹ Sam 157 T 445 461 ### [v1.c5.s20.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.60) ¹⁰ S m 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.61) ¹² A aN 302-6 ### [v1.c5.s20.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.62) ³ S m 103 A N 378 T 362 ### [v1.c5.s20.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.63) ¹⁴ Sam 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.64) 1 A N p 4 A N 1089 K lp 199 T 319 1150 Sth 411 2 A N 382 7 S m 157 T 469 3 S m 103 A N 378 T 362 4 A N 376 T 341 5 S m 157 A N 224 225 Tr 391 6 A N 323 327 Sam 157 7 A N 241 254 8 S m 157 T 405 9 Sam 157 T 445 461 10 S m 157 11 A aN 256-266 272 305 AvaM p 206 ff Accord g t Tir 446 h had 101 Ganadharas 12 A aN 302-6 13 T 446 469 Vis 1758 A aN 370 14 Sam 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.65) Paumappabhā (Padmaprabha) One of the four nanda ponds situated fifty yojanas interior of the Bhaddasālavana and to the north east of Jambusa-daṃsaṇā tree It measures one kosa long and half a kosa broad and is five hundred dhanuasas deep A palace is situated in its centre ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.66) 1 J 152 J m 90 103 ### [v1.c5.s20.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.67) Paumappaha (Padmap abha) See Paumappabhā ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.68) ¹ Sth 625 ### [v1.c5.s20.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.69) ¹ 11 A aN 256-266 272 305 AvaM p 206 ff Accord g t Tir 446 h had 101 Ganadharas ### [v1.c5.s20.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.70) ¹ J 152 J m 90 103 ### [v1.c5.s20.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.71) ¹ Sth 411 S m 157 A p 4 Kalp 199 ### [v1.c5.s20.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.72) 1 Sth 411 S m 157 A p 4 Kalp 199 1 Paumabhadda (Padmabhadra) Son of prince Sakapa and grandson of king Sepia(1) He took initiation from Mahāvīra practised asceticism for four years and was born as a god in the Bambhalee celestial region after death In future he will attain emancipation in the Mahāvideha region ¹ 1 N 25 ### [v1.c5.s20.73](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.73) 2 Paumabhadda Fifth chapter of Kappavaḍiṃsiyā ¹ 1 Nir 21 ### [v1.c5.s20.74](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.74) 1 Paumaraha (Padmaratha) King of Ujjeni His father's name Deva lāsuya ¹ 1 A aCu II p 203 AvaN 1304 AvaH p 714 ### [v1.c5.s20.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.75) 2 Paumaraha King of the city of Mihilā He was true to his faith ¹ 1 AvaCu I p 519 AvaH p 391 ### [v1.c5.s20.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.76) Paumarukkha (Padmavṛkṣa) A sacred tree situated in the eastern Puk kharavaradivaddha ¹ It is the abode of god Pauma(2) ² 1 Sth 641 | 2 Ji 176 ### [v1.c5.s20.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.77) Paumavaḍeṃsaa (Padmavatamsaka) An abode in the Sohamma(1) celestial region ¹ 1 Jna 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.78) Paumasanda (Padmakhaṇḍa) A place where the eighth Titthaṃkara Candappaha(1) received his first alms ¹ 1 AvaN 323 A aM p 227 ### [v1.c5.s20.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.79) 1 Paumasiri (Padmaśrī) One of the two wives of merchant Dhanamitta(2) of Damtapura She had an obstinacy of getting constructed a palace of ivory which was fulfilled by Daḍhamitta her husband's friend ¹ 1 AvaCu II. p 154 AvaN 1275 NisCu IV p 361 VyaM III p 17 ### [v1.c5.s20.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.80) 2 Paumasiri Daughter of Vidyadhara Maharaja(3) and wife of Cakka vaṭṭi Subhūma(1) ¹ 1 AvaCu I p 521 Sam 158 ### [v1.c5.s20.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.81) 1 Paumasena (Padmasena) Son of Mahākapa and grandson of king Sepia(1) He took initiation from Titthayara Mahāvīra observed asceticism for three years and was born as a god in the Laintaga celestial region after death. He will take one more birth in the Mahāvideha region and attain liberation there ¹ 2 Paumasena Sixth chapter of Kappavaḍimsiya¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.82](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.82) 1 Paumā (Padma) First chapter of the ninth sub-section of the second section of Nāyādhammakahā¹ 1 Jna 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.83](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.83) 2 Paumā Chief woman disciple of Anamta the fourteenth Titthamkara 1 T 460 I Sama y mga (157) the ead g Paḍhama is wr ng ### [v1.c5.s20.84](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.84) 3 Paumā One of the eight principal wives of Sakka(3)¹ 1 Bha 406 Jna 157 Sth 612 ### [v1.c5.s20.85](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.85) 4 Paumā Thirteenth chapter of the fifth sub-section of the second section of Nāyādhammakahā 1 J 153 ### [v1.c5.s20.86](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.86) 5 Paumā Daughter of merchant Pauma(8) of Sāvatthi She was consecrated by Pāsa(1) the twenty third Titthamkara After death she was born as a principal wife of Sakka(3) She is the same as Paumā(3)¹ 1 J 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.87](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.87) 6 Paumā Daughter of merchant Pauma(9) of Nāgapura She was initiated by Pāsa(1) After death she took birth as a principal wife of Bhīma(3) the lord f th souther Rakkhasa gods¹ The same is the name of principal wife of Mahabhīma(1) 1 J 153 Bh 406 Sth 273 ### [v1.c5.s20.88](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.88) 7 Paumā A monast c off shoot originating from preceptor Pauma(12) disciple of a ya Vaira(2) It is the same as Ajjapaumā 1 K lp p 264 ### [v1.c5.s20.89](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.89) 8 Pauma One of the four nanda ponds resembling Paumappabhā.¹ 1 J 152 J m 90 103 ### [v1.c5.s20.90](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.90) 9 Paumā Same as Paumāvai(5) 1 Sam 157 ### [v1.c5.s20.91](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.91) Paumābha (Padmabha) Identical with Paumappabhā¹ 1 A N 1089 T 469 ### [v1.c5.s20.92](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.92) 1 Paumāvai (Padmāvatī) Wife of king Paḍibuddha of Sāgeya She had once organised a big festival of nagpūja (Snake worship)¹ 1 J 68 ### [v1.c5.s20.93](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.93) 2 Paumāvai Wife of king Kanagaraha(1) of Teyalipura¹ 1 Jna 96 AvaCu I p 499 3 Paumāvai Wife of king Mahāpauma(7) of the city of Puṇḍarigiṇī(1) ¹ 1 Jna 141 UttS p 326 ### [v1.c5.s20.94](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.94) 4 Paumāvai Wife of king Seḍaga(3) and mother of prince Mamḍuaa ¹ 1 Jna 55 ### [v1.c5.s20.95](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.95) 5 Paumāvai Wife of king Sumitta(3) of Rāyagiha and mother of Muṇisuvvaya(1) the twentieth Titthamkara of the current descending cycle ¹ 1 Sam 157 AvaN 229 Tur 483 ### [v1.c5.s20.96](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.96) 6 Paumāvai Wife of prince Udāyaṇa(2) son of king Sayāṇiya of Kosambī She was raped by Vahassaidatta son of priest Somadatta(4) ¹ 1 Vp 2 4 5 ### [v1.c5.s20.97](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.97) 7 Paumāvai One of the four principal wives of Bhīma(3) the lord of the southern Rakkhasa gods ¹ She is also called Vasumai(3)² The same is the name of a principal wife of Mahābhīma(1) 1 Bha 406 | 2 Sth 273 Jna 153 ### [v1.c5.s20.98](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.98) 8 Paumāvai Daughter of king Ceḍaga of Vesālī wife of king Dahivāhaṇa of Campā and mother of Karakaṃḍu ¹ See Dahivāhaṇa for further details 1 A C II pp 204 5 NisC II p 232 BrhBh 5099 UttS p 300 ### [v1.c5.s20.99](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.99) 9 Paumāvai Wife of king Kūṇia of Campā and mother of Udāi(2) She was jealous of the elephant and necklace possessed by Halla(3) and Vihalla(1) It was this jealousy that made her husband Kūṇia fight with king Ceḍaga of Vesālī ¹ 1 N 11 A aC II pp 171 2 Bh A pp 316-7 ### [v1.c5.s20.100](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.100) 10 Paumāvai Wife of king Nahavāhaṇa of Bharuyaccha She was very much impressed by the poetic power of ācarya Vairabhūti but got disappointed seeing his ugly appearance ¹ 1 Vy Bh 3 58 ### [v1.c5.s20.101](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.101) 11 Paumāvai A goddess of this name ¹ 1 Ava. p 19 ### [v1.c5.s20.102](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.102) 12 Paumāvai Wife of Kāla(1) and mother of Pauma(13) of Campā ¹ 1 Nir 2 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.103) 13 Paumāvai Wife of king Mahabbala(11) and mother of prince Viramgaya(2) of the city of Kohidaga ¹ 14. Paumāvai: One of the eight principal wives of Vāsudeva Kapha(1)¹ She was daughter of king Hiraṇṇanābha of Ariṣṭapura In order to obtain her Kapha had to fight with many of the kings invited on the occasion of her self-choosing (svayamvara) ceremony ² She took initiation from Tittha yara Aritthaṇemi observed asceticism under nun Jakkhinī for a period of twenty years and then attained emancipation ³ ### [v1.c5.s20.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.104) 1 Ant 9 A a p 28 Sth 626 | 3 Ant 9 SthA. p 433 Sth 626 2 Pras 16 Pr sA p 88 PrasJ p 89 | ### [v1.c5.s20.105](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.105) 15. Paumāvai: First chapter of the fifth section of Amṭagaḍadasā ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.106](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.106) 1 Ant 9 ### [v1.c5.s20.107](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.107) 16. Paumāvai: One of the eight principal Disākumārīs of the western Ruyaga(1) mountain She presides over the Mamdara(4) peak ### [v1.c5.s20.108](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.108) 1 Jam 114 T 157 Sth 643 ### [v1.c5.s20.109](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.109) Paumāvatī (Padmāvatī): See Paumāvai ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.110](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.110) 1 Bh 406 A t 9 V p 24 Sam 626 Sth 643 J 68 96 141 UttS p 300 N sC II p 232 AvaCu II pp 164 205 AvaC I p 499 ### [v1.c5.s20.111](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.111) 1 Paumuttara (Padmottara): A Disāhatthikūḍa situated in Bhaddasāla vaṇa ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.112](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.112) 1 Sth 642 Jam 103 ### [v1.c5.s20.113](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.113) 2 Paumuttara: Father of Mahāpauma(4) the ninth Cakkavaṭṭi ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.114](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.114) 1 Sam 158 ### [v1.c5.s20.115](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.115) 3 Paumuttara: A god presiding over Paumuttara(1) Disāhatthikūḍa and having his abode there ### [v1.c5.s20.116](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.116) 1 J m 103 ### [v1.c5.s20.117](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.117) Paurajaṃgha (Pracurajaṃgha): One of the four kinds of people during the Susamā ra ¹ They have their thighs very strong ### [v1.c5.s20.118](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.118) 1 Jam 26 | 2 J mS p 131 ### [v1.c5.s20.119](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.119) Pausa (Prakusa): An Anāriya country It is perhaps the same as Bausa ### [v1.c5.s20.120](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.120) 1 P aj 37 P s 4 A p 33 N C II p 470 ### [v1.c5.s20.121](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.121) Paesi (Pradesin): King of the city of Seyaviyā He was very cruel and had no faith in the independent existence of soul He regarded the self to be identical with the body It was ascetic Kesi(1) who convinced him with the help of emperical illustrations and arguments that the self is independent entity Later Paesi became Upasaka (layvotary) His wife Sāriya-kamtā did not like this She went to the extent of asking their son to kill him The son declined to commit such a sinful act Then the queen her self poisoned him (Paesi) to death He, thereafter took birth as god Sūriyābha(2) in Sohammakappa ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.122](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.122) 1 Raj 142 ff AvaN 469 AvaCu I p 279 Vrs 1923 AvaH p 197 ### [v1.c5.s20.123](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.123) Paoga (Prayoga) Sixteenth chapter of Paṇṇavaṇa ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.124](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.124) 1 Praj 5 ### [v1.c5.s20.125](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.125) Paosa (Pradoṣa) An Aṇāriya country Maids were brought from there and employed to serve in harems ² ### [v1.c5.s20.126](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.126) 1 Praj 37 | 2 BhaA p 460 ### [v1.c5.s20.127](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.127) Paṃkappabhā (Paṃkaprabhā) An infernal region ¹ fourth in order ² It is mudlike in appearance ³ There are ten lakhs of dwelling places in it and the maximum span of life of its denizens is ten sāgaropama years ⁴ Amjanā(3) is its another name It has six Mahānirayas dreadful infernal abodes namely Āra Vāra Māra Rora Rorua and Khāḍakhada. ### [v1.c5.s20.128](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.128) 1 S t 51 2 Nir 1 1 3 AnuH p 89 A Cu p 35 4 Sth 757 5 Ib d. 546 6 Ibid 515 ### [v1.c5.s20.129](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.129) Paṃkabahula (Paṃkabahula) One of the three layers of Rayaṇappabhā region It measures from top to bottom eighty four thousand yojanas ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.130](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.130) 1 Sam 84 Th t t gives rroneou read ng of eightyfour lakh y ja Sce SamA p 90 and Ji 79 ### [v1.c5.s20.131](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.131) Paṃkavaı (Paṃkavatı) See Paṃkāvaı ### [v1.c5.s20.132](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.132) 1 Sth 197 522 ### [v1.c5.s20.133](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.133) 1 Paṃkāvaı (Paṃkavat ) A pond (Kunda) situated in Mahāvideha It lies to the east of the district of Maṃgalāvaṭṭa and west of district Puk khalā It s located in the southern ridge of Nilavaṃta(1) It measures just like Gāhāvaikunda ### [v1.c5.s20.134](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.134) 1 J m 95 ### [v1.c5.s20.135](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.135) 2 Paṃkāvaı A river that emerges from Paṃkāvaı(1) kunda and flows further separating Maṃgalāvaṭṭa and Pukhalāvaṭṭa districts of Mahāvideha ¹ It flows in the north east of mount Mamdara(3) ### [v1.c5.s20.136](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.136) 1 Jaṃ. 95 Sth 197 522 ### [v1.c5.s20.137](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.137) Paṃcakappa (Paṃcakalpa) A canonical text dealing with five varieties of monastic conduct ¹ Probably it forms a part of Kappabhāsa ### [v1.c5.s20.138](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.138) 1 BrhM p. 83 A C I p 415 VyaM 4 306 UttS p 178 ### [v1.c5.s20.139](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.139) Paṃcajanna or Paṃcayappa (Pāñcajanya) A conch belonging to Vāsu deva(2) Kaṇha(1) ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.140](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.140) 1 Jaa 124 Tur 572 ### [v1.c5.s20.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.141) Pamcavappa (Pañcavarṇā) A palanquin used for the initiation-ceremony of Aṇamta the fourteenth Titthamkara ### [v1.c5.s20.142](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.142) Pamcasela (Pañcaśaila) An island where gold smith Aṇamgasena also known as Kumāraṇamdī was invited by Hāsā(2) and Pahāsa wives of Jakkha Vijjumālī 1 A aC I p 397 N C III pp 140 269 N Bh 3182 B hBh 5219 5225 B hK p 1389 UttK p 342 K lpL p 197 ### [v1.c5.s20.143](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.143) Pamcaselaga (Pañcaśailaka) Same as Pamcasela 1 A aC I p 397 A H p 296 ### [v1.c5.s20.144](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.144) 1 Pamcāla (Pancala) An ancient age well versed in the science of erotics (Kamavidyā) According to him women are always to be treated with tenderness 1 Vis 3346 A C I p 498 See 1 A śyak N y kt Dpk (1939) I p 168 ### [v1.c5.s20.145](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.145) 2 Pamcala One of the 25 Ariya countries Its capital was Kampilla King Dummuha(3)³ Duvaya as well a Jiyasattu(2) reigned there The people of Pamcala are said to be quick grasping Pamcala was originally a big country from the foot of Himalaya to river Chambal north and west of Delh but later it was divided into North and South Pancala separated by river Ganga Kampilya was the capital of South Pancala⁷ 1 S tS p 123 P j 37 2 S tS p 123 J 74 116 UttK p 85 3 Utt 18 46 UttC p 178 UttS p 303 UttK p 188 A C II p 07 A Bh 208 4 J 116 SthA p 479 5 Sth 564 J 65 74 116 6 Vy Bh 10 193 7 GDA p 145 ### [v1.c5.s20.146](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.146) Pamdagavana or Pamdayana (Pandavana) A grove situated at a distance of 36000 yojanas from the grove of Somanasa(9) It surrounds Mamdaracūlā It circumference somewhat more than 3162 yojanas Its width measures 494 yojanas There are four conecrator slabs viz Pamdusilā Pamd kambalas lā Rattasilā and Rattakambalasilā on the border of this grove the east south west and north of Mamdaraculia respectively On these slabs the ablution ceremony of a new born Tirthamkara is performed by gods Some shrines of Siddhas are situated in this grove⁴ 1 J m 106 J 141 Sth 302 S m 98 S mA p 99 2 Jam 107 3 J m 117 4 Bh 683 684 ### [v1.c5.s20.147](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.147) Pamdaramga (Paṇḍuraṅga) Same as Pamḍuramga 1 Aca 2 176 NisCu II p 119 ### [v1.c5.s20.148](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.148) Paṃḍarakuṃḍaga (Pāṃḍurakuṇḍaka) A community of herdsmen ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.149](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.149) Paṃḍaraga (Pāṃḍurāga) See Paṃḍuraṃga ¹ 1 Aca 2 176 ### [v1.c5.s20.150](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.150) Paṃḍarabhikkhua (Pāṃḍurabhikṣuka) Another name of Ājīvagas the disciples of Gosāla ¹ See also Paṃḍuraṃga 1 NisCu III p 414 ### [v1.c5.s20.151](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.151) Paṃḍarajja (Pāṃḍurāryā) A nun who was very particular n keeping her clothes utensils etc neat and clean She was well versed in the science of charms Owing to her deceitfulness in hiding the fact of her making use of that science for gaining popularity she could not attain emancipation but had again to take birth as the principal wife of elephant god Erāvaṇa(1) 1 N sCu III pp 151 2 K lpCu pp 100 101 DasaCu p 62 BhaK 153 AvaCu I p 522 G V p 31 ### [v1.c5.s20.152](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.152) Paṃḍava (Paṇḍava) Collective name of the five sons of king Paṃḍu viz Juhiṭṭhilla Bhīmaseṇa(1) Ajjuṇa(2) Naula and Sahadeva Their mother was Kumtī They had Dovai da ghter of king Duvaẏa as their common wife Paṃḍuseṇa was their son They had been to Avarakaṃkā with Vāsudeva(2) Kaṇha(1) to rescue Dovai who had been abducted by king Paumaṇābha While returning from there the Paṃḍavas just out of fun hid the boat meant for crossing the river (Gaṃgā) Consequently Kaṇha had to swim over the entire river Th s caused him much annoyance and hence the Paṃḍavas were exiled by him Thereupon on the advice of their parents at the hint of Kaṇha the Paṃḍavas established the city of Paṃḍu-Mahurā for their inhabitance Later they renounced the world took initiation from preceptor Suṭṭhiya(4) studied fourteen Puvvas and attained liberation on mount Settuṃja after the emancipation of Titthayara Aritthanemi.¹ In their former life four of them were householders in Ayalaggāma and the fifth an ascetic They all were consecrated by preceptor Jassahara(1) ² 1 J 117 130 A aC II p 197 306 2 Ma 449 ff Ma 458 tt The me f Suṭṭhiya occurs in Mar 458 ### [v1.c5.s20.153](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.153) Paṃḍitiyā (Paṃḍitikā) Nurse of Sirimatī(3) daughter of Cakkavatti Vairaseṇa ¹ 1 AvaCu I p 172 ### [v1.c5.s20.154](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.154) 1 Paṃḍu (Pāṃḍu) Same as Paṃḍurāya of Hatthiṇāura ¹ 1 Mar 464 2 Pamḍu A Cakkavaṭṭi in Jambūd va just like Bharaha(1) ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.155](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.155) Paṃḍukambalasilā (Paṇḍukambalaśilā) One of the four consecratory slabs It is situated on the southern border of Paṃḍagavaṇa and to the south of Maṃdaracūlā It extends in length from east to west Its dimensions are similar to those of Paṃḍusilā There is only one throne on it Titthaṃkaras from Bharaha(2) are consecrated on it ¹ It is known as Aipaṃḍukambalasilā in Thāṇa ² 1 Jam 107 2 Sth 302 ### [v1.c5.s20.156](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.156) Paṃḍunarāhiva (Pāṇḍunarādhipa) Same as Paṃḍurāya ¹ 1 Mar 457 ### [v1.c5.s20.157](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.157) Paṃḍubhadḍa (Pāṇḍubhadra) One of the twelve disciples of Saṃbh avijaya(4) ¹ 1 Kalp p 256 ### [v1.c5.s20.158](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.158) Paṃḍu-Mathurā (Pāṇḍu-Mathurā) See Paṃḍu Mahurā ¹ 1 AvaCu II p 197 ### [v1.c5.s20.159](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.159) Paṃḍu-Madhurā (Paṇḍu-Mathurā) Same as Paṃḍu-Mahurā ¹ 1 S tCu p 326 ### [v1.c5.s20.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.160) Paṃḍu-Mahurā (Pāṇḍu Mathurā) A town on the southern seashore It was established by five Pāṃḍavas for their inhabitance on the advice of Vāsudeva(2) Kaṇha(1) when they were exiled from their country by the latter ¹ Kaṇha was destined to die in the grove of Kosambavaṇa while proceeding to their town ² Paṃḍusena the son as well as the successor of Pāṃḍavas³ reigned here ³ It was conquered by a king of Rahavīrapura ⁴ It is identified with Madura in the state of Madras 1 Jna 127 JnaA p 227 KalpL p 32 AvaCu II p 197 A t 9 2 Ant 9 SthA p 433 3 A N 1296 AcaCu II p 69 4 A Cu I p 427 UttS p 179 5 LAI p 320 ### [v1.c5.s20.161](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.161) Paṃḍuyavaṇa (Paṇḍakavana) Same as Paṃḍagavaṇa ¹ 1 Sam 98 SamA 99 ### [v1.c5.s20.162](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.162) Paṃḍuraga (Paṇḍuraga ) same as Paṃḍuraṃga ¹ 1 Jna 105 JnaA p 195 ### [v1.c5.s20.163](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.163) Paṃḍuraṃga (Pāṇḍuraṅga) A class of non jain mendicants ¹ They bes meared their bodies with ashes Paṃḍarabhikkhus form also the same class and they are identified with Ājīvagas ³ But in the Pali literature it 1 Anu 20 131 A uH p 146. OghBh 107 Aca 2 176 NisCu II p 119 Jna. 105 2 AnuHe p 25 is mentioned that they belonged to the Brahmanical types of ascetics 4 According to Abhayadevasūri they belonged to the sect of the Shaivas.5 4 See Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol XVI No 2 (Dec 1966), pp 120-123 5 Jna p 195 ### [v1.c5.s20.164](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.164) Paṃḍuraga (Pāṇḍurāga) Same as Paṃḍuraṃga 1 1 Jna 105 JnaA p 195 ### [v1.c5.s20.165](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.165) Paṃḍurāya (Pāṇḍurāja) King of Hatthināura. He was the husband of Kumtī and father of the five Paṃḍavas 1 1 Jna 117 ff SthA p 516 Ma 457 ### [v1.c5.s20.166](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.166) Paṃḍusilā (Pāṇḍuśilā) One of the four consecratory slabs It is situated to the east of Mamdaracūlā and on the eastern border of Paṃḍagavaṇa It resembles a crescent in shape Its length from north to south is five hundred yojanas Its breadth from east to west measures two hundred and fifty yojanas It is made of gold There is a flight of three steps and one arch on all its four sides On the slab there are two thrones one in the south and the other in the north on which Titthaṃkaras from Vaccha etc and Kaccha etc of Mahāvideha are consecrated respectively by gods immediately after their birth It is known as Paṃḍukambalasilā in Thāṇa 2 1 J m 107 2 Sth 302 ### [v1.c5.s20.167](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.167) Paṃḍusena (Pāṇḍusena) Son of the five Paṃḍavas He was born of Doval He took over as king of Paṃḍu-Mahurā after his parents initiation 1 1 J a 128 Av Cu II p 197 AvaH p 709 ### [v1.c5.s20.168](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.168) 1 Paṃthaga (Panthaka) Chief among the five hundred ministers of king Selaga of Selagapura He also renounced the world with the king Once when the king became lax it was he who brought him back to his original position of an ascetic 1 1 Jna 55 ff SamA p 118 ### [v1.c5.s20.169](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.169) 2 Paṃthaga Servant of merchant Dhaṇṇa(10) of Rāyagiha 1 1 Jna 34 ### [v1.c5.s20.170](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.170) 3 Paṃthaga Son of Joijasa of the city of Campā.1 1 AvanN 1288 AvaH p 704 ### [v1.c5.s20.171](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.171) 4 Paṃthaga Father of Nāgajasa and father-in-law of Cakkavaṭṭi Bambhadatta(1) 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.172](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.172) Pamthaya (Panthaka) See Pamthaga.¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.173](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.173) Pamsukālia (Pāṃśukūlika) A class of ascetics¹ They seem to be wearing clothes made of rags collected out of dust heaps This practice was prevalent among the Buddhist monks 1 A C p 257 ### [v1.c5.s20.174](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.174) 1 Pamsumūhya (Pāṃśumūlika) A country similar to Kālikeya¹ 1 AvaCu I p 162 AvaM p 215 ### [v1.c5.s20.175](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.175) 2 Pamsumūliya Probably wrong reading for Pamsukālia¹ 1 AcaCu p 257 ### [v1.c5.s20.176](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.176) Pakappa (Prakalpa) Another name of Nisīha¹ 1 NisC I p 1 JitBh 265 Vy Bh 5 12 2 10 345 ### [v1.c5.s20.177](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.177) Pakkana (Pakvana) An Apāriya (non Aryan) country It is dentifed with Ferghana which is situated immediately to the north of Pamir¹ 1 PraS 4 Praj 37 SutSi p 123 Bha 2 LAI p 364 380 BhaA p 460 ### [v1.c5.s20.178](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.178) Pakkhi (Paksin) Fifth chapter of the seventh section of Viyāhapaṇṇatti¹ 1 Bha 260 ### [v1.c5.s20.179](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.179) Pakkhikāyana (Pakṣikayana) One of the seven branches of Kosia(5) lineage 1 Sth 551 ### [v1.c5.s20.180](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.180) Pakkhiyasutta (Pākṣikasutra) A canonical text partly n verse and partly in prose for fortnightly repentance (pratikramana) It deals with six vows (mahavratas) ncluding abstention from taking fccd and water at night It also gives a list of canonical treatises² There is a Sanskrit commentary on it by Yaśodevasūri 1 PakY pp 17 ff 2 Ib d pp 61 ff ### [v1.c5.s20.181](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.181) 1 Pagai (Prakṛti) Fourth chapter of the first section of Viyāhapaṇṇatti¹ 1 Bh 3 ### [v1.c5.s20.182](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.182) 2 Pagai Fifth chapter of Vaṇhidasā¹ 1 Nir 5 1 ### [v1.c5.s20.183](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.183) 3 Pagai Son of king Baladeva(1) and his queen Revai(3) of Bāravai. He was consecrated by Titthayara Aritthanemi¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.184](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.184) Pagati (Prakṛti) See Pagai ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.185](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.185) Pagabbhā (Pragalbhā) A nun of the line of Titthayara Pāsa(1) ¹ 1 A N 485 Vis. 1939 KalpV p 166 AvaM p 282 ### [v1.c5.s20.186](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.186) Paccakkhāṇa (Pratyakhyāna) A chapter of Āvassaya ¹ There is a nijjutti² as well as a cuṇṇi³ on it 1 Av N 1554 A Cu I p 3 Anu 59 AvaN (Dīpikā) II p 183 NanM p 204 PakY p 41 2 DasCu p 211 3 AvaCu II p 325 ### [v1.c5.s20.187](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.187) Paccakkhāṇappavāya (Pratyakhyānapravada) Ninth of the fourteen Puva texts It contained twenty chapters and eighty four thousand padas It dealt with pratyakhyana ² 1 Nan 57 AvaCu II p 273 Sam 20 2 NanCu p 57 SamA p 131 AvAN 1554 N ṇM p 241 ### [v1.c5.s20.188](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.188) Pajjaraya (Prajaraka) A Mahāṇiraya situated in Rayaṇappabhā(2).¹ 1 Sth 515 SthA p 367 ### [v1.c5.s20.189](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.189) Pajjavasanākappa (Paryusanākalpa) Same as Pajjosavaṇākappa.¹ 1 K lpC p 89 ### [v1.c5.s20.190](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.190) 1 Pajjunna (Pradyumna) Son of Vāsudeva(2) Kaṇha(1)¹ and his queen Ruppiṇī(1) ¹ He was first among the three and a half crore Jāyava princes He took initiation from Titthayara Aritṭhanemi studied the twelve Aṅga(3) texts observed asceticism for sixteen years and attained liberation after one month's self starvation (saṃlehaṇa) ² Vedabbhī was his wife and Aniruddha(2) their son⁴ 1 Ant 8 2 Jna 117 122 Ni 51 Pras 15 AntA p 1 3 Ant 8 AvaCu I p 355 A p 27 SthA p 433 4 Ant 8 ### [v1.c5.s20.191](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.191) 2 Pajjunna Sixth chapter of the fourth section of Amtagadadasā ¹ 1 Ant 8. ### [v1.c5.s20.192](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.192) 3 Pajjunna A cloud that causes crops grow for one thousand years if it rains once ¹ 1 Sth 347 ### [v1.c5.s20.193](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.193) Pajjunna-khamāsamaṇa (Pradyumnakṣamāśramaṇa) A preceptor remembered and saluted by Jinadāsagaṇimahattara, the author of Nisīhavisesa-cuṇṇi ¹ He seems to be the teacher of the author ² 1 NisCu. I p 1 2 See Nisītha eka Adhyayana Nisītha Cuṇṇi. Vol IV p 47 ### [v1.c5.s20.194](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.194) Pajjupasena (Pradyumnasena) Father of Paigā and father in-law of Cakkavatti Bambhadatta(1) ¹ ### [v1.c5.s20.195](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.195) Pajjusapākappa (Paryuṣanakalpa)¹ See Pajjusavākappa 1 Sth. 755 ### [v1.c5.s20.196](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.196) Pajjusavā-kappa (Paryupaśamanākalpa) Eighth section of Dasāsuya kkhamdha or Āyāradasā.¹ Literally the term pajjusavākappa means monsoon rules i e the rules of conduct one has to observe during the rainy season This section or work which is composed by Bhadrabāhu svamī² is d vided into three parts The first part deals with the life of Mahāvira Pāsa(1) Aritthanemi and Usabha(1) in detail whereas with that of the other Titthamkaras in brief The life of Mahavira occupies the major portion In the second part we find a list of different monastic groups (ganas) their branches and their heads The third part contains rules and regulations pertaining to the rainy season⁴ It forms the real subject-matter of the work corresponding to its title This work is popu larly known as Kalpasutra It s mostly n prose It was read publ cly for the first time in the court of king Dhruvasena of Anandapura in V N 980 or 993 It has a big number of commentaries ### [v1.c5.s20.197](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.197) ¹ A aCu II p 199 2 Bha. 491 3 UttN p 136 4 AvaCu I p 249 5 Av Cu I p 91 6 AvaCu II p 164 7 Ibd p 200 AcaCu p 87 A aN 1298 8 AvaCu. II p 189 9 VyaBh III p 93. 10 AvaCu II p 160 11 BrhBh 4220 BrhKs p 1145 ### [v1.c5.s20.198](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.198) 1 Sth J55 Bh A p 665 KalpC p 89 2 K lpDh p 203 3 KalpV p 8 4 KalpV p 11 A C I p 236 5 K lp S m p 160 K lpV pp 1 9 K lpDh pp 9 130 1 The same th dat f t eda t See K lp 148 ### [v1.c5.s20.199](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.199) Pajjoa Pajjota or Pajjoya (Pradyota) King of Ujjeni He is also called Mahsena(1) as well as Camda Pajjoya³ He was a minor when Tittha yara Mahāvira renounced the world He had e ght wives Sivā(1) and Amgāra ai were prominent among them Sivā wa daughter of king Ceḍaga of Vesāli Pajjoya attacked king Dhumdhumāra to get his daughter Amgāravai marriage but he was taken prisoner by him Thereafter he married Amgaravai⁷ Palaa and Gopalaa were his two sons⁸ His daugh ter was Vasa adattā(1) who was born of Amgaravati Khamdakappa was the minister of Pajjoya⁹ Queen Siva elephant Nalagiri, messenger Lohajamgha and chariot Aggibhiru constituted his four jewels¹⁰ In his time there was a famous cosmopolitan market in Ujjeni Pajjoya invaded Kosambi, the capital of king Sayāṇiya¹² to make Migāvaī(1) Sayāṇiya's wife as his own wife Meanwhile, Sayāṇiya expired leaving behind his son Udāyaṇa(2) Migāvaī cleverly took Pajjoya into her confidence and gradually strengthened her position She was successful in preserving her chastity and saving her territory Finally she took asceticism from Mahāvīra.¹³ Udāyaṇa came to the throne of Kosambī Princess Vāsavadattā being helped by Kamcanamālā eloped with Udāyaṇa from Ujjeni ¹⁴ Pajjoya also attacked king Seṇiya(1) of Rāyagiha but prince Abhaya(1) with his superior strategy forced Pajjoya to retreat to Ujjeni Pajjoya took revenge upon Abhaya by capturing him He commissioned a beautiful courtezan for this task She and her assistants themselves disguising as lay votaries and monks went to Rāyagiha on a pilgrimage Finding some suitable opportunity Abhaya was administered wine and carried away to Ujjeni as a prisoner of Pajjoya Abhaya while in captivity saved the life of the messenge of the king procured Udayana by a strategy for favour of subduing the Nalagiri elephant saved Ujjeni from being devastated by a fire and helped the whole city in recovering from a horrible epidemic with the help of Siva ¹ Then Pajjoya released him as he was pleased with his intelligence and cleverness Abhaya on the other hand disguised himself as a merchant and along with two charming courtezans sojourned at Ujjeni He hired a man who played the role of a madman shouting in the city that he was Pajjoya When real Pajjoya got attracted towards the courtezans they asked him to meet them on the appointed day at a lonely place As planned beforehand Pajjoya was captured As he was crying I am Pajjoya the king all took him as the mad man Thus he was kidnapped and taken away to Rayagiha as a prisoner In due course he was set free Pajjoya attacked king Dummuha(3) of Pamcāla to obtain his marvellous diadem but he was defeated and taken prisoner There he developed love with princess Mayanamamjarī and obtained her as his wife with the consent of her father Dummuha ¹⁷ Pajjoya kidnapped Devadattā(4) a m d servant of king Udāyaṇa(1) of Vitibhaya as well as took away the image of Titthayara Mahavira from there Udayana then attacked and captured him as his prisoner While on his way back to Vitibhaya Udāyaṇa set him free as an act of forgiveness as he had observed the pajjusana festival marking his forehead with the following words maidservants husband ⁸ Pajjoya got Māhissara a habitual adulterer killed ¹⁹ ### [v1.c5.s20.200](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20.200) ¹³ AvaCu I pp 88ff Visk p 332 14 A aCu II pp 161 162 15 AvaCu II p 270, 16 AvaCu II pp 159 163 A aCu, I p 557 N M p 166 SthA p 259 DasCu p 53 DasH p 53 SutSi p 329 17 UttN p 136 UttK p 188 18 AvaCu I pp 400-401 Av Cu II p 270, NisBh 3185 N C III pp 145ff AcaCu p 64 SthA p 431 PrasA pp 89-90 Da aCu p 62 KalpCu p 98 UttK p 346 UttS p 96 KalpV p 298 _First 200 of 867 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20)_ ## Cites (39) - [Pannavaṇā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.4.4) — Śyāmārya, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Nandī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cullika.1.57) — Devavācaka, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Aṇuogaddārāiṃ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cullika.2.20) — Āryarakṣita, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Samavāyaṃga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.4.84) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Viyāhapannatti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.5.3) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Āyāraṃga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.1.2) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Piṇḍanijjutti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.4.147) — Bhadrabāhu & Bhadrabāhu II, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Sūyagaḍa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.2.1) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Aṃtagaḍadasāo](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.8.8) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Uttarajjhayaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.2) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Ṭhāṇaṃga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.3) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Nisīha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.4) — Viśākhagaṇi, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Nāyādhammakahāo](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.6) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Dasaveyāliya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.1) — Śayyambhava, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Bihā Kappa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.2) — Bhadrabāhu, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Bṛhatkalpalaghubhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.2!bhasya) — Saṅghadāsagaṇi Kṣamāśramaṇa, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Kalpasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.1.kalpasutra) — Bhadrabāhu, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Mahābhārata](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Uvavāiya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.1) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Āvassayanijjutti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.3!niryukti) — Bhadrabāhu & Bhadrabāhu II, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Rāyapaseṇaijja](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.2) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Uttarajjhayaṇacuṇṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.2!curni) — Jinadāsagaṇi Mahattara, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Āyāraṃgacuṇṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.1!curni) — Jinadāsagaṇi Mahattara, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Dasaveyāliyacuṇṇi (Jinadāsa)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.1!curni) — Jinadāsagaṇi Mahattara, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Jīvājīvābhigama](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.3) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Āvassaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.3) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Gacchāyāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.painna.dasapainna.gacchayara) — Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Ohanijjutti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.5) — Bhadrabāhu & Bhadrabāhu II, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Sūriyapannatti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.5) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Jambuddīvapannatti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.6) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Nirayāvaliyāo](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.8) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Kappāvaḍaṃsiāo](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.upanga.9) — Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Paṇhāvāgaraṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.10) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Vivāgasuya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.11) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit - [Tiloyapaṇṇatti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.sci.triloka.tiloyapannatti) — Yativṛṣabha, Śaurasenī Prakrit - [Vyavahārabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.3!bhasya*kusumaprajna1996) — Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Tattvārthasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.anuyoga.phil.tattva.tattvartha.tattvarthasutra) — Umāsvāti, Sanskrit - [Jītakalpabhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.cheda.5!bhasya*deepratnasagar2015) — Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit - [Visesāvassayabhāsa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.mula.3!visesavasyakabhasya) — Jinabhadragaṇi Kṣamāśramaṇa, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.mehta-chandra-1970.v1.c5.s20) · Pramāṇa