[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Reference works](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference) › [Indian Epigraphical Glossary](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966) › c6.743 # Indian Epigraphical Glossary c6.743 Indian Epigraphical Glossary c6.743 - **Language:** English ### [c6.743.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966.c6.743.1) bappa (EI 29, 30; CII 3; etc.), a Prakrit word meaning ‘the father’, often used in Sanskrit inscriptions. Cf. \*bappa-bhaṭṭāraka-pāda-parigṛhīta\* (EI 31), epithet of certain rulers. \*bappa-bhaṭṭāraka\* (EI 4), ‘the father, the lord’. Cf. \*bappa\*. \*bāra\* (EI 13), Telugu; the distance between the ends of out-stretched arms. \*bārāḍ\*, derived from Sanskrit \*varāṭa\* or \*varāṭaka\*, ‘a cowrie-shell (used as money)’ (\*JNSI\*, Vol. XVI, p. 18). Cf. \*varāṭikā\*. \*baraṭa\* (CII 4), a plant grown for fencing. \*bārhaspatya\* (IA 11), name of a reckoning. \*Barkandāz\*, Persian; same as \*Pāik\* (q.v.). \*bartanā\* (IE 3-5), Rājasthānī; a blunt stick for writing on a wooden slate; same as \*barthā\*. \*barthā\* (IE 3-5), same as \*bartanā\*. \*Basilēos Basilēon Mĕgalŏu\* (IE 8-2), Greek; ‘of the great king of kings;’ used in the legend on the coins of the Scytho-Parthian kings; adapted from old Persian \*Khshāthiya Khshāthiyānām\*, ‘the king of kings’; translated into Prakrit as \*Maharaja Rajarajasa\* (or \*Rajadirajasa\*) \*mahatasa\* (Sanskrit \*Mahārājasya Rājarājasya mahataḥ\* or \*Rājātirājasya mahataḥ\*). \*Basilēos Mĕgalŏu\* (IE 8-2), Greek; ‘of the great king’, found in the legend on the coins of Indo-Greek kings at first translated in Prakrit as \*Rajasa mahatakasa\* (Sanskrit \*Rājñaḥ mahataḥ\*) and later as \*Maharajasa\* (Sanskrit \*Mahārājasya\*); adapted from old Persian \*Khshāthiya vazrka\*. \*ba-ti\* (IE 8-1), abbreviation of \*bahula-pakṣa-tithi\*. See \*ba-di\*. ### [c6.743.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966.c6.743.2) \*bāva\* (CII 3, etc.), a Prakrit word denoting ‘a relative of the same generation with the father’; generally, ‘an uncle’; used in Sanskrit inscriptions. \*Bāyi\* (Hyderabad Archaeological Series, No. 18, p. 35), suffix to the name of respectable women; same as \*Bāi\*; wrongly regarded as derived from the Kannaḍa words \*abbĕ\* (Sanskrit \*ambā\*) and \*āyi\* (Sanskrit \*āryā\*). \*Beharā-mahāpātra\* (EI 28), Oḍiyā; official designation; probably, Sanskrit \*Vyavahārika-mahāpātra\*. See \*Vyavahārika\*, etc. \*Bengali\*, Anglicised spelling of \*Vaṅgālī\*; the name of the people, language and alphabet of Bengal. \*Beṇṭakāra\* (CITD), same as \*Beṭakāra\*, \*beṭa\* (Telugu-Kannaḍa) meaning ‘the separation of lovers’. As an epithet of a ruler, \*Beṇṭakāra\* means ‘one who causes the separation of his enemies' wives from their husbands'; cf. \*ripu-nārī-vaidhavya-vidhāyak-ācārya\*, 'one who renders the wives of his enemies widows'. \*bha\* (IE 7-1-2), 'twentyseven'. \*Bha°\* (PJS), abbreviation of \*Bhagavān\* (especially in medieval Jain inscriptions). \*bhā°\* (PJS), abbreviation of \*bhāryā\* (especially in medieval Jain inscriptions). \*bhāḍaka\* (LP), same as Sanskrit \*bhāṭaka\*. \*Bhadanta\* (IA 11; LL), a title of monks (Buddhist, Jain and Ājīvika); cf. \*Bhadatasa aya-Isipālitasa\*, 'of the Reverend Lord Ṛṣipālita'; also cf. \*Bhadantī\*. \*Bhadantī\* (LL), used as the title of a Buddhist nun; cf. \*Bhadanta\*. \*bhadra\* (SII 2), probably, an auspicious mark. \*bhadrā\* (IA 26), same as \*ba-di\* 7. ### [c6.743.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966.c6.743.3) \*Bhādra\* (IE 8-1), same as \*Bhādrapada\*. \*bhadra-bhoga\*, cf. 'according to \*bhadra-bhoga\*' (Ghoshal, \*H.Rev. Syst.\*, p. 215); principle of proper enjoyment. \*bhadra-ghaṭa\*, cf. Tamil \*pattira-kaḍam\* (SITI), a pot filled with water and sanctified by rites. \*bhadra-mukha\* (EI 16), an honorific used with personal names. \*bhadra-nigama\* (LL), a righteous hamlet. \*bhadr-āsana\* (EI 25), a throne. \*bhāga\* (IE 8-5; CII 3, 4; HRS), the king's share of the produce, distinguished from \*bali\* in the Rummindei inscription and the Junagadh inscription of Rudradāman and from \*kara\* in many other records; later, tax in general, identical with \*bali\* and \*kara\* (according to lexicons); cf. references in the \*Arthaśāstra\* to (1) \*lavaṇa-bhāga\* (king's share of salt sold by private merchants), (2) \*udaka-bhāga\* (king's grain share levied as water-tax upon irrigated fields), (3) king's share of the produce of mines leased out to private persons; (4) share paid to the king by merchants for selling the royal merchandise. (IE 8-5), dues (see \*kara\*); generally, the king's share of grains, which was originally one-sixth. (IE 8-4), a subdivision of a district or a territory. (EI 23, 33), an allotment; a share. \*bhāga-bhoga\* (CII 3; etc.), a fiscal expression in which \*bhāga\* means the king's share of the produce and \*bhoga\* the periodical supplies made by tenants to the king; cf. \*bhāga-bhog-ādika\*, \*bhāga-bhoga-kara-hiraṇy-ādika\* (EI 23), meaning ‘royal dues’; see \*bhāga\*, etc. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966.c6.743](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.reference.sircar-1966.c6.743) · Pramāṇa