An Index to the Names in the Mahabharata, with Short Explanations and a Concordance to the Bombay and Calcutta Editions and P. C. Roy's Translation c5.s7.293
An Index to the Names in the Mahābhārata, with Short Explanations and a Concordance to the Bombay and Calcutta Editions and P. C. Roy's Translation c5.s7.293
- Language
- English
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away by his charioteer; the Pāṇḍava army fled (VIII, 26). Arjuna & the Trigartas, etc. (λλ); Arjuna slew king Ḍatruñjaya, and Ḍucruta's son, and Candradeva; king Satyasena wounded Kṛṣṇa and was slain by Arjuna, who then slew Citravarman and the Saṃcṭaptakas in hundreds and thousands, and Mitrasena, and wounded Saḍarman; all the Saṃcṭaptakas attacked Arjuna, who invoked the Aindra weapon (description); the hostile army fled away almost entirely (VIII, 27). Duryodhana & Yudhiṣṭhira, who deprived him of his chariot; Karṇa, etc. (μμ), rushed to his aid; the other sons of Pāṇḍu surrounded Yudhiṣṭhira; the Pāñcālas & the Kauravas (description); Karṇa slaughtered the Pāñcālas, Arjuna the Trigartas, Bhīmasena the Kurus and their elephant division, when the sun had passed the meridian (VIII, 28); Duryodhana (on another chariot) & Yudhiṣṭhira; Duryodhana swooned away; Bhīmasena prevented Yudhiṣṭhira from slaying Duryodhana; Kṛtavarman & Bhīmasena in the afternoon (VIII, 29). The Kurus (placing Karṇa at their van) & the Pāṇḍava army (and Sātyaki); Karṇa & Sātyaki; many Kurus came to rescue Karṇa, but fled away before the Pāṇḍavas, who were headed by the sons of Drupada; Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa (having said their daily prayers and worshipped Bhava) destroyed the Kurus; Duryodhana & Arjuna; Arjuna & Aṣvatthāman + Kṛpa, etc. (νν); Sātyaki, etc. (ξξ), & Karṇa, who vanquished them; Arjuna & Karṇa; many Kurus fled away. At the close of the day both armies withdrew; Rā.
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and Pṛ., etc., appeared (VIII, 30). Dhṛtarāṣṭra exulted the prowess of Arjuna (οο). The Kurus, in grief, took counsel of one another; Karṇa assured Duryodhana that he would slay Arjuna on the morrow. On the morrow they beheld an invincible army formed by Yudhiṣṭhira according to the rules of Bṛhaspati and Uḍanas. Duryodhana and his troops put confidence in Karṇa. Dhṛtarāṣṭra's grief (ππ); Sañjaya rebuked him by reminding him of his evil acts (ρρ). At dawn Karṇa repeated before Duryodhana his pledge to slaughter Arjuna; "my bow Vijaya (σ) is the foremost of all weapons; . . . Arjuna is superior to me only by having Kṛṣṇa ('the Creator of the Universe') for his charioteer, the chariot given him by Agni, his steed, and his standard with the Ape." He desirod to have Ḍalya ("who is superior to Kṛṣṇa") to drive his chariot; Duryodhana solicited Ḍalya (VIII, 31) to comply with Karṇa's wishes (σσ); Ḍalya took offence at the proposal (ττ); Duryodhana repeated his request in honorific words (υυ), and Ḍalya accepted on the condition that he might, in Karṇa's presence, utter whatever he desired (φφ) (VIII, 32). § 606: Duryodhana related to Ḍalya Tripurākhyāna (q.v.), which the great R. Mārkaṇḍeya had narrated to his father. "As Brahmān, . . . the Supreme Deity acted as the driver of Rudra, so do thou restrain the steeds of Karṇa" (VIII, 33). He then related a story of Paraḍu-Rāma (b), which a virtuous brahman had recited in the presence of his father.
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Rāma gave the Dhanurveda to Karṇa, "whom I do not think to have been born in the Sūta order, but to be the son of a god, born in the Kṣatriya order and abandoned in infancy" (VIII, 34). Duryodhana said: "So did Brahmān act as Rudra's driver; the driver should be superior to the warrior; thou art selected by us as superior to Karṇa." Ḍalya said that many a time he had heard this history recited to him, and Kṛṣṇa, knowing the same, had become the charioteer of Arjuna, and would fight if Arjuna were slain. Duryodhana eulogized Karṇa (a) and then Ḍalya (etymology) as superior to Kṛṣṇa. Ḍalya repeated his promise and condition. Duryodhana embraced Karna and, requested by him, once more obtained the promise of Çalya, who embraced Duryodhana and asked their forgiveness for the words he might speak to Karna for his good; "what I shall say, in order to inspire thee confidence, is fraught with self-adulation; I am a driver like Matali himself" (VIII, 35). —§ 607: Duryodhana said to Karna: "Çalya, who is superior to Krishna, will act as a driver, like Matali to Indra." When the morning came, Duryodhana again successfully asked Çalya to become Karna's charioteer. Karna having worshipped the chariot (which had in days of old been sanctified by a priest), they both ascended it. Karna told Çalya to urge the steeds that he might slay Arjuna, etc. (β); Çalya endeavoured to inspire Karna with fear by eulogizing the Pandavas (VIII, 36). When Karna set out there appeared ill omens.
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The Kuru army, however, was filled with joy. Karna reflected and boasted (γ). Çalya ridiculed him and praised Arjuna (δ). Karna proceeded on his chariot with white steeds and tiger-skins, slaying large numbers in battle along his way, and inquired after Arjuna (VIII, 37), promising every Pandava soldier that he met that unto him who pointed out Arjuna to him he would give whatever wealth he desired. Duryodhana once more addressed Karna (VIII, 38) that Karna would get to see Arjuna without the trouble of seeking him, and asked him to abandon his desire for a single combat with Arjuna. Karna repeated his resolution, and Çalya insulted him in a long speech (VIII, 39). Karna replied angrily, describing the disreputable practices of the Madrakas (and the Gandharakas and Sindhu-Sauviras) (VIII, 40). Çalya answered by praising himself and his accomplishments as a charioteer (description), and by reciting the story of the crow and the swan (Hamsakakiyopakhyana, q.v.): "Even as that crow, fed upon the remains of the dinners of the Vaicya children, disregarded his equals and superiors, so dost thou, that art fed by the sons of Dhrtarashtra upon the remains of their dishes, disregard all," etc. (ε) (VIII, 41). Karna said that Krishna and Arjuna were well known to him, but did not make him afraid. The curse, however, of [Paracu-] Rama pained him greatly. He dwelt, disguised as a brahman, with Rama in former days, desirous of obtaining celestial weapons from him.
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Indra, as a worm, began to pierce his thigh, on which was lying the head of the sleeping Rama; therefore he did not move. But Rama, witnessing his patience, discovered that he was not a brahman, and cursed him, saying that this weapon would never, in the time of need, when the hour of his death came, occur to his memory. He had forgotten the weapon, but would, notwithstanding, slay Arjuna; he suspected Çalya of secret friendship with the Pandavas; he would employ the Brahma weapon, which Arjuna would never be able to escape, if only the wheels of Karna's chariot did not sink into the earth that day; he would not take fright at Yama himself with his rod, or Varuna with his noose, or Kubera with his mace, or Indra with the thunderbolt. "Once upon a time, while wandering for the sake of practising with my bow Vijaya, I had heedlessly struck the calf of a brahman's homa cow; the brahman cursed me, saying that my wheel would sink into the earth in a battle when I was in great danger. The kings of the Lunar race offered to give that brahman 1,000 kine and 600 bulls, but in vain," etc. (VIII, 42). Karna said that it was in vain that Çalya tried to frighten him (ζ) (VIII, 43). Karna said that in Dhrtarashtra's abode the brahmans used to give accounts of various delightful regions and many kings of ancient times; an old brahman had said, blaming the Madrakas and the Bahikas, that they should be avoided as being out of the pale of virtue and living away from Himavat, etc.
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(η), but between Sindhu and its tributary rivers. On some very secret mission Karna had to live among the Bahikas, and therefore their conduct was well known to him; "there is a town Çakala, a river Apaga, and a Bahika clan Jarttikas; the practices of these people are very censurable" (description; an example is cited of a Bahika who happened to live for some days in Kurujangala, and a Ra. woman in Çakala; the rivers Çatadru, etc. (θ), in the countries of the Arattas, regions without virtue and religion). "D., P., and brahmans never accept gifts from those that are fallen, nr those that are begotten by Çudras on the girls of other castes, or the Bahikas, who never perform sacrifices and are exceedingly irreligious." He mentioned three impure places (ι) (v. the note of PCR., p. 155). There were two Piçacas in the river Vipaca, named Bahi and Hika; the Bahikas are the offspring of those two Pc.; they are not creatures created by the Creator. The Karashkaras, etc. (κ), and other peoples of no religion one should always avoid; even thus did a Ra. woman speak to a brahman who went to that country for bathing in sacred water and passed a single night there. The regions are called Arattah, the water Bahika; the lowest brahmans have resided there from very remote times (brahmanapasada yatra tulyakalah Prajapateh), without the Vedas, etc. The Prasthalas, etc. (λ), are almost as blameable in their practices (VIII, 44).
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Karna continued his description of the Bahikas (and Gandharas and Madrakas). The Arattas had been cursed by a chaste woman. The Kauravas, etc. (μ), know what the eternal religion is. Brahman, even in the Krta age, had censured the practices of the country of the five rivers. K. quoted a saying of the Ra. Kalmashapada, declared by the Rakshasa to be the formula for curing a person possessed by a Ra. or killed by poison. Remarks on the Pancalas, etc. (ν), on Agni, etc. (ξ). Çalya spoke in disparagement of the Angas (o). Duryodhana restored peace between Karna and Çalya (VIII, 45). —§ 608: THE SEVENTEENTH DAY'S BATTLE. Beholding the array of the Parthas made by Dhrshtadyumna, Karna proceeded to battle and assailed Yudhishthira. Dhrtarashtra inquired about the disposition of the Kuru forces (a). Sanjaya described the Kaurava array: right wing (β); on the right of these (γ); the left side (δ); on their left (ε); in the centre at the head Karna with his sons; in the rear Duhçasana; and behind him Duryodhana and his brothers, protected by the united Madrakas and Kekayas; Açvatthaman, etc., with Mlecchas on the elephants followed behind. The array was formed according to the plan of Brhaspati. Yudhishthira, beholding Karna, spoke to Arjuna of the hostile array: Arjuna should proceed against Karna; Bhimasena against Duryodhana; Nakula against Vrshasena; Sahadeva against Çakuni; Çatanika against Duhçasana; Satyaki against Krtavarman; Pandya against Açvatthaman;
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Yudhishthira against Krpa; the Draupadeyas with Çikhandin against the rest of the Dhartarashtras, etc. Çalya pointed out to Karna the chariot of Arjuna (θ) and various omens, etc. (ζ); how the Sunçaptakas threatened to slay Arjuna and the other heroes of the Pandava army (η), and he dissuaded him from trying to slay Arjuna. Meanwhile the two armies mingled fiercely in battle (VIII, 46). Dhrtarashtra asked Sanjaya about Arjuna, the Sançaptakas, and Karna. Sanjaya related: Arjuna arrayed his troops, headed by Dhrṣṭadyumna (with steeds white as pigeons); by the side of Dhrṣṭadyumna the Draupadeyas. Arjuna & the Saṃcaptakas. The Pāñcālas, etc. (θ), & the Kurus; Kṛpa, etc. (ι), & the Kośalas, etc. (κ); the battle became conducive to fame, heaven, and virtue in the kṣatriya, vaiśya, and śūdra heroes that engaged in it. Duryodhana, etc. (λ) + Karṇa & the Pāṇḍavas, etc. (μ); Karṇa harassed Yudhiṣṭhira; fierce battle between the Kurus and the Sṛñjayas (VIII, 47). Dhṛtarāṣṭra inquired about the particulars of Karṇa's encounter with Yudhiṣṭhira. Sañjaya related: Karṇa attacked the Pāñcālas (and Prabhadrakas and Cedis) and made a great slaughter; among others he slew the five Pāñcālas Bhānudeva, etc. (ν). The protectors of Karṇa's chariot-wheels were his sons Suṣeṇa and Satyasena, and his eldest son Vṛṣasena protected his rear. Dhrṣṭadyumna, etc. (ξ), & Karṇa & Karṇa's sons; Suṣeṇa & Bhīmasena, who pierced him with seventy arrows and then slew Karṇa's son Bhānusena;
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Bhīmasena & Kṛpa, etc. (ο); Bhīmasena & Suṣeṇa + Karṇa; Suṣeṇa & Nakula + Sahadeva; Dhrṣṭadyumna & Vṛṣasena, who was taken up by Duḥśāsana on the latter's chariot, borne away, and caused to ride in another chariot; Vṛṣasena & the Draupadeyas, etc. (π); Yuyudhāna & Duḥśāsana, whom he deprived of his chariot, etc., but who got another chariot and fought from within the division of Karṇa; Karṇa & Dhrṣṭadyumna, etc. (ρ); at last Karṇa's assailants gave way; Karṇa & Yudhiṣṭhira + the Cedis, etc. (σ) (VIII, 48); the Drāviḍas, etc. (τ), & Karṇa, whn crushed them; Karṇa & Yudhiṣṭhira addressed Karṇa in rage (φ); Karṇa swooned away, but recovered and slew Yudhiṣṭhira's wheel-protectors, the Pāñcāla princes Candradeva and Daṇḍadhāra; Yudhiṣṭhira struck Suṣeṇa and Satyasena, etc.; Sātyaki, etc. (χ), & Karṇa, who invoked the Brāhma weapon; Karṇa deprived Yudhiṣṭhira of his chariot; Yudhiṣṭhira fled, riding in another chariot with the white steeds with black hair on their tails that used to bear him, pursued by Karṇa (ψ), who touched him with his hand, but remembered the words of Kuntī and was withheld by Śalya, but insulted Yudhiṣṭhira (γ) and let him escape. The Cedis, etc. (ω), followed Yudhiṣṭhira; Karṇa made a great slaughter of the Pāṇḍava forces; Yudhiṣṭhira urged his forces to proceed against Karṇa, which they did, headed by Bhīmasena (+ Sātyaki) (description); the Kurus broke and fled away (VIII, 49). Duryodhana in vain tried to stop the flying troops. Then Cakuni, etc.
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+ Karṇa & Bhīmasena, who let Sātyaki and Dhrṣṭadyumna protect Yudhiṣṭhira; Śalya pointed out Bhīma to Karṇa (aa); Karṇa replied (ββ); Karṇa swooned and was brought away by Śalya (VIII, 50). Requested by Dhṛtarāṣṭra (γγ), Sañjaya related: Urged by Duryodhana, several Kuru leaders (δδ) assailed Bhīma, who slew, among others, six sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (εε). The other sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra fled away. Karṇa & Bhīmasena, whom he deprived of his chariot, but who then with his mace killed elephants and men by hundreds, among others fifty-two elephants belonging to Cakuni; next 3,000 horsemen dispatched by Cakuni, then he mounted another chariot and proceeded against Karṇa. Karṇa & Yudhiṣṭhira, whom he pursued as he was flying away; Bhīmasena & Karṇa; Sātyaki & Karṇa. Beholding Cakuni, etc. (ζζ), the Kurus rallied when the sun had reached the meridian. Fierce battle (VIII, 51); (description) (VIII, 52). Arjuna & the Saṃcaptakas, etc. (ηη); Arjuna (+ Kṛṣṇa) & Sucarman; Arjuna repeatedly invoked the Nāga weapon, paralysing the legs (encircled with snakes) of the Saṃcaptakas; Sucarman