History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas: A Vanished Indian Religion c26: Index

History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas: A Vanished Indian Religion c26

Language: English

c26.36 — 3 parts

Index

c26.1

In addition to those on pp. xxxi-ii, the following abbreviations are used in the index; Ā. : Ājīvika ; esp. : especially ; k. : king ; M.G. : Makkhali Gosāla ; n. : note ; n.pr. : proper name ; Pkt. : Prākrit ; pl. : place name, whether of a town or district ; Skt. : Sanskrit ; Tam. : Tamil.

c26.2

ā, Skt. particle, 103 Abhassarā, Buddhist heaven, 261 Abhayadeva, Jaina commentator, 35, 40, 48 n. 1, 63, 68, 111-12, 127, 129, 140, 178, 213-14, 220-1, 242, 249-250, 254 n. 1, 255 ; quoted, 35 n. 3, 40 n. 5, 51 n. 1, 63 nn. 2, 3, 68 nn. 2, 3, 111 nn. 3, 4, 5, 112 n. 1, 117 n. 3, 128 nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 221 n. 1, 222 n. 2, 249 n. 3, 255 n. 4. Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi, lexicon of Hemacandra, 35, 182 Abhidharma-kośa, Yaśomitra's comm. on, 241 abhijātis, six classes of men, 14, 20, 27, 80, 84, 106, 109, 139, 243-6, 272, 275

c26.3

(illegible text)

c26.4

Ācārya Śrī Yogānanda, n.pr., 155 Acchidda, disācara, 56, 57 Accua-kappa (Pkt.), Jaina heaven, v. Acyuta-kalpa acelaka, a naked ascetic, 96-7, 107-8, 118-19, 121, 123, 132, 139, 217, 243 Achilles, 7 [Figure: (illegible text)] 189 Ājīvika, 191 Acuva-k-kaṭamai (Tam.), 189-191 Acuvikal-kācu (Tam.), 188-9, 194 acuvi-makkal (Tam.), 188, 192 Acuvula-parru, pl., 156, 187-8 Acyuta-kalpa, Jaina heaven, 140, 142, 204, 261 Adda, n.pr., 53-4, 114, 121, 129 Addapura, pl., 54 adharma, Skt., sin, 266 adhyāya, Skt., lesson, chapter of a text, 39 Aggivesāyaṇa, disācara, 56-8 Aggivessana, n.pr., 27, 57, 58, 118-19 Agni, the fire-god, 81, 93 n. 2 Agniveśa, legendary physician, 57-8 agnosticism, 17 agrahāra, a grant of land, usually to brāhmaṇas or temples, 206

c26.5

ahetukavādin, one maintaining the doctrine of causelessness, 18, 227 ahiṃsā, the doctrine of non-violence, 18, 61, 123, 126 ; Ājīvika, 122 Aiyangar, K., 192, 197 Ajantā frescos, 107 Ajātasattu, k. of Magadha, 5, 11, 13, 67-77, 89 ; war with Licchavis, 69-70 Ajayapāla, lexicographer, 182-4 ājīva (Skt.), profession, 247 Ājīva, form of Ājīvika, 162-3, 182-3 Ājīvakini, Ājīvini, an Ājīvika nun, 139, 243 Ājīvik-a, -ism, passim ; an A. announces Buddha's death, 136 ; asceticism, 109-115 ; atomism, 262-6 ; before M.G., 94-101 ; begging and dietary practices, 118-123 ; Buddhists, relations with, 134-8 ; cosmology, ch. xiii, passim ; Dravidian, southern, 108, 115-16, 124-5, 174, ch. x, passim, 236, 255, 259, 262, 272, 279 ; epistemology, 274-5 ; etymology, 101-4 ; final penance, 127-38 ; influence, 279-283 ; initiation, 104-7 ; Jainas, relations with, 138-141 ; language, 219-220 ; last references to, 184-6 ; laymen, 131-6 ; leaders, before M.G., 27-34 ; in Nanda and Maurya periods, ch. viii, passim ; nudity, 107-9 ; origin, 94-101 ; place in Indian History, 283-8 ; -sabhā, 52-3, 115-17, 156 ; schools of, 239, 279-280 ; scriptures, 51, ch. xi, passim ; -seyyam, 125 ; solitary ascetics, 114 ; in Tamil literature, 196-203 ; worldliness and immorality, 123-7 Ajita Kesakambali, n.pr., 11, 17-23, 25, 55, 93, 218, 228 ; doctrine, 15 Ajjunna Gomāyuputta, n.pr., 56-7 Ajjuna Goyamaputta, n.pr., 32, 34, 57 [Figure: (illegible text)] 174 [Figure: (illegible text)] hology, 197 ākāśa, space, ether, 268 akriyāvād-a, the doctrine of the fruitlessness of works; -in, a believer in this doctrine, 174, 226-7, 281 akṣara, a syllabic letter of any Hindu script, 151 Ālabhiyā, pl., 32-3, 44, 133 n. 1 Ālavi, pl., 33 Ālvārs, Dravidian Vaiṣṇavite hymnodists, 281-2 Amara, lexicographer, 182 Ammarāja II, E. Cālukya k., 187 anāgāmī, one who will not be reborn on earth, 95 anaikkamanijjāim (Pkt.), inevitables, 254-6 Ānanda, disciple of Buddha, 18-20, 27, 133 Ānanda, disciple of Mahāvīra, 59, 140, 216 Anantamānasa, Buddhist heaven, 135 n. 2, 261 Anantavarman Maukhari, chieftain, 153-5, 158 anassāsikāni brahmacariyāni (Pāli), v. vocations anātma, soullessness, 199 Āndhra, pl., 196 anekāntavāda, a doctrine of epistemological relativity, 202 Anekārtha-saṅgraha, lexicon, 182 Aṅga, pl., 5 aṅga, text of Jaina canon, 178 Aṅgamaṇḍira, pl., 32 Āṅgiras, n.pr., 30 Aṅguttara Nikāya, Pāli scripture, 20, 27, 54, 106, 133, 135, 243; quoted, 133 n. 2 animism, 5, 283-4 annihilationist, 95 Anotatta, lake, 251 antara-kappa, lesser æon, 243 Antariñjikā, pl., 177 Anthologies, Tamil, 196-7 antinomian-ism, 18-19, 21-2, 168, 228, 239, 261, 271 antitheses to the higher life, 18, 228 aṇu, atom, 265, 268 Anurādhapura, pl., 146 apāṇagāim (Pkt.), v. substitutes for drink apsaras, a celestial nymph, 249 Āpta-n, title of M.G., 79, 125, 244, 276 Āpūraṇa, son of Kaśyapa, 90 ārāma, a park or garden, 135 Āraṇyaka, Brāhmaṇic scripture, 98 Aroot Dist. of Madras, 188-190

c26.6

Ardha-māgadhī, the dialect of Pkt. in which the Śvetāmbara Jaina scriptures are written, 25, 35, 252 Ardhanārīśvara, god, 155 arhant, an Ājīvika, Jaina, or Buddhist saint of the highest rank; Ā., 28, 29, 56, 79, 140, 244, 259; Jaina, 168, 201 Arjuna, mathematician, 34; hero, 57 Arkacandra, n.pr. 199 Arthaśāstra, text on polity, 120, 127, 161; quoted, 161 n. 1 Aruṇandi Śivācārya, Tamil Śaivite author, 203 Āryans, 4-6, 8, 44, 162, 196, 284-5 Āryāvarta, pl., 8 asaññi-gabbha (Pāli), unconscious births, 248-9 asceticism, 12; Ājīvika, 4, 104-115; v. also penance ascetics, types of, 165, 169-171, 181, 184 Ashibika, Japanese form of Ā., 112 Aśoka, emperor, 53, 97, 127, 136, 138-9, 146-154, 156-7, 159, 161, 193, 196, 278, 286 āśrama, hermitage, 98; stage of life, 99, 162 Assagutta, n.pr., 147 astrolog-y, -er, 7, 127, 168-170, 184-5 asura, a type of demon, 70, 163; modes of existence as, 256 Āśvalāyana Śrauta Sūtra, Brāhmaṇic text, 103 Atharva Veda, 286 atom-ism, Ā., 17, 19, 91, 232, 238, 262-6, 284; Ā., in relation to other Indian atomic doctrines, 267-270 (Jaina, 267; Vaiśeṣika, 267-8; Buddhist, 268-9) Atreya, n.pr., 57 aulambalam, avalambalam, tax, 190 Aupapātika Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 111, 119-120, 140, 204, 261 Avaṇi, pl., inscription, 188, 191-2, 195 Avanti, pl., 286

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Avaśyaka Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 267; cūrṇī, 41, 70 avatāra, the incarnation of a god, 172, 260-1, 276, 280 āvatīgaṅgā, Ā. measurement of time, 253 Āvaṭṭā, pl., 44 avicalita-nityatvam, unchanging permanence, 236-240, 262, 280, 283 Avīci, Buddhist hell, 86

c26.8

Avīha, Buddhist heaven, 95 Ayampula, n.pr., 62-4, 117, 132, 140 ayurveda, the science of medicine, 58

c26.9

Babylonians, 6 Bahula, n.pr., 39 bahuvrīhi, type of compound noun, 105 Baladeva, god, 44-5, 47, 273 Bambhaloga (Pkt.) = Brahmaloka (q.v.), a heaven, 250 Bambhaṇagāma, pl., 42 Bāṇa, author, 99, 163, 168, 208 Bāṇārasī, pl. (Pkt.) = Vāṇārasī, Kāsī, Benares, q.v., 133 n. 1 Banerji Sastri, A., 158. Barābar, caves, 148, 150-160, 210; hill, 151 Barua, B. M., 11-12, 17, 28-30, 32, 40-1, 47 n. 4, 57, 61, 65, 92, 100, 119, 133, 141-3, 145, 167-8, 172, 214, 219-220, 247, 252, 258; quoted, 97-8, 120, 129-130, 142 n. 3, 173, 273, 279 Battle, Last, with large stones, 68, 74 Bebhela, pl., 83 begging, A. practice, 118-123; bowl, 121 Belagāmi, Mysore, 105 Benares, 18, 29, v. also Bāṇārasī, Kāsī, Vāṇārasī Bengal, 5, 41, 44, 209 Beni Prasad, editor of M.G., 35-6, 41 Bhadrabāhu, Jaina pontiff, 193, 196, 214 Bhāgavata, a devotee of Viṣṇu, 171, 173 Bhagavatī Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 27, chs. iii and iv, passim, 83, 88-9, 94-5, 103, 116, 122, 127, 131, 140, 142-5, 154, 213-14, 216, 219, 242, 244, 249-251, 253-7, 272, 274-6; quoted, 37 n. 4, 40 nn. 1, 4, 47 n. 4, 48 nn. 1, 4, 56 n. 2, 60 n. 3, 61 n. 1, 62 n. 9, 63 n. 1, 122 n. 3, 128 n. 5, 219 n. 2, 249 n. 2, 250 n. 5, 253 n. 3 Bhairavācārya, n.pr., 167 bhakti, devotion to a personal deity, 47, 280, 282 Bhandarkar, D. R., 149, 167, 173; quoted, 166, 172 Bhāraddāi, n.pr. (Pkt.) = Bhāradvāja, 32-3, 58 Bharadvāja, sage, 58 Bhāradvāja, gotra, 33

c26.10

Bhāratavarṣa, Hindu name of India, 286 Bhartṛhari, poet, 282 Bhaṭṭi-kāvya, poem, 99, 166-7 Bhaṭṭiprolu Casket, 196 Bhaṭṭotpala, commentator, v. Utpala Bhāva, nature, 225-7, 232 Bhavabhūti, dramatist, 167 bhikkhu, a Buddhist monk; Buddhist, 139-140, 146, 194, 243; Jaina, 214 bhikṣu (Skt.) = bhikkhu, 169, 184, 204 bhikkhunī (Pāli), a nun, 116, 124-5 Bhīma, hero, 218 Bhīmasena, hero, 218; -yas, 90 Bhoja, king, 155 Bhojakas, 200 Bihār, pl., 5 Bilhaṇa, poet, 205 Bimbisāra, k. of Magadha, 5, 51, 67, 73, 76-7, 85, 89, 120, 124, 132, 136 Bindusāra, emperor, 127, 131, 146-7, 151 births, Ā. categories of, chief forms, 241; conscious, 250; divine, 249; from knots, 14, 248; sentient, 14, 219, 248-250; unconscious, 14, 248; uterine, 14, 241, 248 biruda, a secondary name or royal title, 205 Bodhisatta (Pāli), in Hīnayāna Buddhism, a previous incarnation of a Buddha, 29, 84, 110, 114, 165 Bodhisattva (Skt.), in Mahāyāna Buddhism, a being who voluntarily postpones his Buddhahood to work for the welfare of the world, 165, 261 Bodhi Tree, the tree near Gayā under which Buddha gained enlightenment, 95 Bombay Gazetteer, 170 Borobodūr, pl., 106-8 Brahma, god, 175-6 Brahmacārin, student, 274 Brahmacarya, celibacy, 18, 29 Brahmajāla Sutta, 270 Brahmakalpa, Jaina heaven = Brahmaloka, 204 Brahmaloka, heaven, 30, 261, 273 Brahman, the impersonal world-spirit, 284 Brāhmaṇa, the priestly class, 12, 15, 21, 29, 131, 196; scripture, 98 Brāhmaṇism, 10, 100 Brāhmī, the earliest Indian alphabetic script, 157, 159 Bṛhajjātaka, astrological text, 169, 171

c26.11

Buddha, 5, 10-12, 20, 28, 34, 53-5, 57, 59, 66-7, 71-2, 74-7, 80-1, 83, 85, 89, 93-7, 100, 102, 108, 118-19, 122, 132, 134-7, 198-200, 242, 277-8 Buddhaghosa, Buddhist commentator, 27, 35, 37, 52, 71-2, 79, 82, 91-2, 96-7, 102-3, 105-6, 118 n. 1, 120, 125, 135 n. 2, 139, 220, 225, 240, 242-3, 246-9, 251-2, 254, 260-1, 270; quoted, 13 n. 2, 14 n. 2, 15 nn. 1, 2, 3, 16 nn. 2, 3, 19 n. 7, 27 n. 7, 71 n. 5, 92 n. 2, 107 n. 1, 125 n. 1, 139 nn. 5, 6, 7, 241 nn. 1, 3, 4, 243 n. 5, 248 nn. 2, 5, 261 n. 4 Buddh-ism, -ist, 3, 6, 12, 25, 30, 35, 101, 124, 131, 172, 183, 200, 268-9, 280, 283; confused with Ās., 107, 135; relations with Ās. 134-38; scriptures, 5-6, 27-8, 33, 285 Bühler, G., 149, 151, 170, 173 burial, ritual, in Ā. initiation and penance, 106, 112 Burnouf, E., 101

c26.12

Caitanya, n.pr., 117 caitya, a sacred spot in popular religion, usually a tree or mound, 31-3, 60-1, 67, 154, 162 cakradhara, type of ascetic, 169 cakravartī, a universal emperor, 144 Cālukya, dynasty, 205 Calvinism, 282 Camara, Indra of the asuras, 70 Camataṇṭa, pl., 201 Campā, pl., 32, 42, 73, 95, 133 n. 1 Cāṇakya, n.pr., 145, 167 Canarese, 204 Caṇḍalā, n.pr., 205, 208 Caṇḍoyaraṇa, caitya, 32 Candra Gupta I, 75 Candragupta Maurya, emperor, 77, 151, 167, 193 Cāpā, n.pr., 95 caraka, type of ascetic, 169 Caraka Saṃhitā, medical text, 57 carimāim, v. last things Cārvāka, a materialist sect, 3, 17, 25, 165, 184, 204; v. also Lokāyata, materialism, nāstika categories, Ā., ch. xiii, passim; seven elementary, 16, 262-6 Cāttaṇ, Tam. poet, 197-8 Catuṣkanāyika, school of Jainism, 178-9 causation, European doctrine, 227

c26.13

causelessness, doctrine, of, 227 caves, Ā., 150-160; Buddhist, 156; Jaina, 159 Ceḍaga (Pkt. = Skt. Ceṭaka), chieftain of Vesālī, 69-70, 73, 76, 133 n. 1 cempōtakar (Tam. = Skt. sambodhaka), 260-1, 281-2 Central Asia, frescos, 108 Ceylon, 166; Ās. in, 145 Chakravarti, A., 192, 200; quoted, 191 chance, v. Saṅgati Chalmers, Lord, 15 n. 3, 19 n. 7, 118 n. 1 Charpentier, J., 36, 74, 94 chastity, vow of, 126 Chin-a, -ese, Buddhist literature, 112; version of Sāmañña-phala Sutta, 21, 23, 91 Christianity, 82 n. 1; Syrian, 282 chronometry, Ā., 252-3, 275 Cilappatikāram, Tam. poem, 134, 197; quoted, 197 n. 4 Civañāna-cittiyār Parapaksam, Tam. Śaivite text, 81, 91, 106, 112, 186-7, 198, 200, 202, 204, 238, 244-5, 256, 260-1, 264-6, 276-7, 280; quoted, 91 n. 10, 238 nn. 4, 5, 260 n. 2, 264 n. 5, 265 n. 9, 266 n. 6 classes of men, v. abhijāti coins, of Harṣa of Kashmīr, 205, 209 Cola, kingdom, 194, 208 Coḷamaṇḍalam, pl., 108 commentators, quotations from Ā. literature by, 220-3 Conscious Births, seven, 249 Coraga, pl., 42 Corāya, pl., 44 cosmology, Ā., ch. xiii, passim, 285-6 Cuchullain Saga, 7 Cuṇḍa, n.pr., 75 Cunningham, A., 33, 152-5 cūrṇi, commentary, to Āvaśyaka Sūtra, 41 cuvai (Tam.), sweetness, sensual pleasure, 125, 202

c26.14

Daḍhapaïnna, n.pr., 142 Dance, Last, 68, 117 dancing, ritual, 194 Daṇḍabhukti, pl., 202 Daṇḍaki, k., 29 daṇḍin, type of ascetic, 170-1 darbha, a grass, 128-131 daridda-thera, type of ascetic, 43, 47

c26.15

Daśaratha, k., 150-1, 154-5, 157, 159, 278 Das Gupta, S. N., quoted, 225, 281 Deccan, 208 De la Vallée Poussin, L., 74 n. 1 Delhi-Topra Pillar, 148 Destiny, 7, 222, 282-3; *v.* also Fate, *Niyati* determinism, 3, 8, 17, 19, 22, 96, ch. xii, *passim* *deva*, a god, 42, 133, 142, 219, 251, 258, 272-3; Ā., 218, 222, 229, 272-4 Devānaṃpiya Tissa, k. of Ceylon, 146 *devaputta*, demigod, 216 Devaseṇa, n.pr., 142-3 *Dhamma* (Pāli) = Skt. *dharma*, 19 *Dhammapada Commentary*, Pāli text, 85, 96-7, 105, 107, 113, 201 *dhanu*, a measure, about 6 feet, 253 *dharma*, good conduct, righteousness, virtue, 266-7 dialectic, 228-235 diet, Ā., 118-123 Digambara, the branch of Jainism whose ascetics practised nudity, 107, 121, 167-8, 170, 174-6, 181, 183-4, 186, 203-4, 277 Dīghanakha, n.pr., 57 Dīgha Nikāya, Pāli scripture, 11, 23, 102, 256; quoted, 72 n. 3, 73 n. 5; *v.* also *Brahmajāla Sutta*, *Mahāparinibbāna Sutta*, *Sāmaññaphala Sutta* Dīkshitār, V. R. R., 134 Diṅnāga, Buddhist logician, 197 *disācaras*, 51, 56-8, 64, 70, 117, 213, 255 Divine Births, seven, 249 *Divyāvadāna*, Buddhist Skt. text, 83, 85-6, 97, 109, 138, 146-7, 207; quoted, 87 nn. 1, 2 Doāb, pl., 4 dreams, 14, 252 Drink-s, four, 62, 127-130, 254; last, 68 *Dṛḍhapratīpanna*, Ā. scripture, 112, 119 *duḥkha*, suffering, 91 *Dulva*, Tibetan Buddhist scriptures, 21, 24 Dvaita, school of Vaiṣṇavism, 282 *dvandva*, type of compound noun, 105, 225

c26.16

*ekadaṇḍin*, type of Vaiṣṇavite ascetic, 47, 79, 100, 114, 166-7, 169-172, 174, 184-6, 204

c26.17

Eleatics, 238, 262 elements, 91, 215, 262-6; characteristics of, 265, 268 elephant, 153, 209; *v.* also Sprinkling Elephant Eṇejjaga, n.pr., 31-2 epic, literature, 7; tradition, 132; Tam., 197 evolution (*pariṇāma*), 82

c26.18

faculties, 14, 248 fatalism, 19, 21, 132; Āryan, 8; Ā., ch. xii, *passim*; *v.* also determinism, *niyativāda* Fate, 6, 221, ch. xii, *passim*, 256; *v.* also Destiny, *Niyati* Ferdiad, n.pr., 7 Fergusson, J., 153 Finalities, eight; *v.* Last Things Fleet, J. F., 153 fortune-telling, 127, 147, 168 Foucher, A., 107 Franke, R. O., 24, 248 free will, 229-230, 233, 284 funerary urns, 111

c26.19

Gāhaḍavāla, dynasty, 208 *gairuka*, type of ascetic, 181 *gaṇarājas*, tribal chieftains, 70 Gaṇḍa, n.pr., 85 *gandhabhaṇḍa* (Pāli), scented substance, 71-2 *gandha-hatthī* (Pkt.), scent-elephant, 72 Gandhāra, pl., 205; sculptures, 108 *gaṅgā*, Ā. measurement of time, 253 Ganges, river, 4, 5, 9-10, 13, 33, 51, 72, 133, 285 Garuḍa, a mythical bird; species of, 256 Gaya, pl., 141, 148, 150-1, 153, 155, 164-5 Ghoṣaka, n.pr., 205 gharasamudāṇiya, type of Ā. ascetic, 111 Gijjhakūṭa, hill, 72 Gobahula, n.pr., 36 goblins, 162, 251; *v.* also *piśāca* Gobhūmi, pl., 45 Godhāvarī, river, 29 gods, Ā., 272-4 Gommateśvara, Jaina temple, 125 Gopani, A. S., 28, 65 Gopikā, cave, 152, 154, 157-8 *goputtha*, one of the “Four Drinks”, 131

c26.20

Gorathagiri, hill, 158 Gosāla, Gosāla, Gośālaka; v. Makkhali Gosāla gotra, a brāhmaṇical sept, 33–4, 57 govālikā, grass, 63 Govindacandra, k., 208 grace, salvation by, 281 grahana, definition of, 173 Greece, 285 Greeting, Last, 68 Grünwedel, A., 108 Guḍihalli, pl., inscription, 190 Gujarāt, 182 Guṇa, n.pr., ascetic teacher, 20, 104–5, 217, 263; ascetic of Kashmir, 206, 210 guṇa, quality, 199, 265; the three basic qualities of Sāṅkhya philosophy, 39; rajo-g., the second or fiery quality of Sāṅkhya, 248 Guṇaratna, Jaina commentator, 80–2, 174, 176–7, 185, 221–2, 226, 235; quoted, 222 n. 4, 226 n. 2, 235 n. 2

c26.22

gūḍha, 152–4, 159, 161 guru, a religious teacher; type of ascetic, 184

c26.23

Hagen, n.pr., 7 hair, extraction of, 106 Haladhara, n.pr., 206, 209 Hālāhalā, n.pr., 32, 51, 53, 56, 59, 61–2, 116, 124, 132, 134 Halāyudha, lexicographer, 100, 182–4; quoted, 182 Haleduṭā, pl., 43 hallā, insect, 62–3, 117 Hare, E. M., 139 nn. 6, 7, 243 Haribhadra, Jaina philosopher, 81, 178, 185, 222 Hārīta, n.pr., 58 Harṣa, k. of Kanauj, 167–8; k. of Kashmir, 148, 154, 185, 205–210 Harṣacarita of Bāṇa, 167–8; quoted, 167 n. 4 Hastināpura, pl., 199 Hāthīgumphā, cave inscription, 145, 158 heavens, Ā., 250; Jaina, 250 n. 3, 274; salvation in, 261 Hebrew, monotheism, 7 Hector, n.pr., 7 Hemacandra, Jaina polymath, 8, 35, 74, 77, 144, 182 Heretics, six, ch. ii, passim, 67, 85, 92–3, 108, 138

c26.24

hermits, 98, 110 hero, doomed, 7 Himālaya, 143, 201 Hīnayāna, the form of Buddhism now practised in Ceylon and Burma, 277, 280 Hindu-ism, 3; devotional, 117, 280, 287; literature, 228; scriptures, 33 Hitopadeśa, Skt. text, 282; quoted, 222 n. 2 Hoernle, A. F. R., 11, 28, 33, 35–6, 40, 47 n. 4, 61, 69, 76–8, 109, 114, 121, 133 n. 1, 139 n. 6, 142 n. 3, 143–4, 172, 178, 180–1, 186, 190, 214, 226, 245, 254 n. 1, 255, 259, 277; quoted, 38, 65, 68, 78, 99, 101–2, 175, 183 Homeric Age, 285 Hoysala, dynasty, 189–190, 194 Hultzsch, E., 148, 150, 158, 190–1, 193; quoted, 151 Hūṇas, 168 hupeyya, Pāli verbal form, 220

c26.25

iconoclasm, 147, 185, 205–210 idealism, Berkeleyan, 230 Iliad, 7 Indabhūi Goyama, disciple of Mahāvīra, 35, 47, 58 Indo-European peoples, 7 Indra, god, 69, 285 indriya, faculty, 247 Indus Civilization, 4 Inevitable, six, 255–6 infinity of souls, 260 initiation, Ā., 104–7 Ionian philosophers, 6 Islām, 207 issarakāraṇavādi, a believer in the doctrine of the creation of the world by a personal god, 18 iyalpu (Tam.), quality, 265

c26.26

Jacobi, H., 17, 28, 74, 76–7, 121 n. 5 Jain-a, -ism, 3, 6, 10, 12, 17, 30, 35, 119, 121–2, 131; categories, 266; literature, 24; scriptures, 6, 17, 27, 34, 56, 133, 285; tradition, 144 Jambuka, n.pr., 97, 105–6, 109, 113, 137–8 Jambusanda, pl., 44 Janaka, k., 4, 5 Jānakī-haraṇa, poem of Kumāradāsa, 97, 106, 165–7; quoted, 165 n. 4 Janasāna, n.pr., 131, 138, 146–7, 149

c26.27

Japanese Buddhist literature, 106, 112 *Jātaka*, a folk-tale or other story Buddha in a previous birth; 28-30, 51, 59, 92, 105, 113, 165, 209-210; quoted, 81 n. 6, 104 nn. 4, 5, 7, 112 n. 6, 113 n. 1, 228 n. 1; *Lomahaṃsa*, 110, 113; *Mahābodhi*, 18, 217; quoted, 18 nn. 2, 3, 4; *Mahānāradakassapa*, 20, 104, 217, 263; *Nakkhatta*, 127; *Naṅguṭṭha*, 110; *Neru*, 95; *Paṇḍara*, 102; *Sarabhaṅga*, 29; *Tittira*, 99, 104, 112 *Jātaka-pārijāta*, astrological text, 184 *jāti*, caste, 188 *jaṭila*, type of ascetic, 181 *Jaṭūkarṇa*, n.pr., 58 Java, island, 108 Jayaswal, K. P., 158-9 Jensen, H., 282 Jesus, 36 Jetavana, park at Sāvatthi, 86, 110-11, 153 *jina* (Skt.), *jina* (Pkt.), a teacher whose soul has reached perfection, especially with the Jainas and Ās., 56, 60, 64-8, 79, 84, 90, 145, 246, 260 Jinadāsa Gaṇi, Jaina commentator, 41, 45-6, 48 n. 2, 50 n. 1, 70; quoted, 42 n. 3, 44 n. 5 Jinapaha Sūri, Jaina writer, 54, 122, 256-7; quoted, 257 n. 1 *jīva*, lit. life; the soul; Ā., 63, 260, 270-2; Jaina, 267; Pāñcarātra, 280 Jīvaka, n.pr., a physician, 11; = Ājīvika, 101, 182-4 Jiyasattu, k., 45, 133 n. 1 Jñānavimala, Jaina commentator, 220-1, 226; quoted, 221 nn. 1, 2, 226 n. 1 Johnson, Dr., 230 Jotipāla, n.pr., 29-30

c26.28

Kabandhin Kātyāyana, n.pr., 92-3 *kācu*, Tam., gold coin, 188, 194 *Kadalī*, pl., 44 Kadru, n.pr., 273 Kaivāra, Mysore, inscriptions, 190, 195 *Kākanti*, pl., 199 Kakuda Kātyāyana = Pakudha, 21-2, 92 Kāla, n.pr., prince, 69; = Upaka, 95

c26.29

*kāla*, time, 257; Pāñcarātra doctrine of, 281; *v. also* time Kālakācārya, Jaina teacher, 169-171, 174, 214; quoted, 171 n. 1 *kālakaṇṇi*, scapegoat, 29 Kalanda, *disācara*, 56-7 Kalaśa, k. of Kashmīr, 205 *Kālāya*, pl., 42 Kalhaṇa, Kashmīr historian, 205-210 Kālī, goddess, 193, 198 Kaliṅga, pl., 145 *kalpa*, Skt., æon, 14, 31, 135; *v. also* kappa *Kalpa Sūtra*, Jaina scripture, 41, 46, 74, 177 n. 3 Kaluhaḷḷi, pl., inscription, 189 *kāma*, passion, desire, 241-2 *Kāmamahāvaṇa*, *caitya*, 32 *kamma* (Pāli and Pkt.), types of action, 219, 241-2; *v. also* karma Kampilla (Pkt.), Kāmpilya (Skt.), pl., 133, 199 Kaṇāda, Vaiśeṣika philosopher, 57 Kaṇanda, n.pr., 57 Kanauj, pl., 33 Kāñcī, pl., 186 Kandara-masuka, n.pr., 102-3 *kaṇḍaka-vuttika* (Pāli), interpretation of, 243 Kaṇiyāra, *disācara*, 56-7 *kāñji-ya*, rice gruel, 92, 204 Kaṇṇaki, n.pr., 134, 197 Kaṇṇamuṇḍa, Lake, 251 *kapālin*, type of ascetic, 169 Kapila-pura, -vastu, pl., 34, 199, 202 *kappa* (Pāli and Pkt.), æon, 243; *v. also* kalpa Karambiya, pl., 102 *karma* (Skt.), the effect of one's actions on one's future condition, whether in this life o* another, 5, 8, 18, 23, 79, 96, 102, 135, 175, 196, 199, 203, 224-5, 229, 235, 238-9, 266-7, 277, 281-2, 284, 286; Ā., 14, 241; *v. also* *kamma* Karṇa, hero, 37 Karṇa Chopār, cave, 152, 157 Kārttikeya, god, 37 Kashmīr, 36, 185, 205-210 Kāsī (Pāli), Kāśī (Skt.) = Benares, 5 *Kāśikā*, grammar; quoted, 79 n. 3 *kasiṇa* (Pāli), help to meditation, 270 Kassapa, Buddha, 146 Kaśyapa, sage, 30 *Kataṅgala*, pl., 43 *Kathā-sarit-sāgara*, Skt. text, 143; quoted, 144 n. 1 Kātyāyanī, goddess, 154

c26.30

Kauṇḍinya, n.pr., 30 Kāvaṇūr, inscription at, 188 Kaviṭṭha, forest, 29 kāya (lit. body), element, 262-3 Keith, A. B., 161 Kerala, pl., 198 Kern, H., 103, 149, 170, 173 Keśin the Karṇāṭa, n.pr., 205 kevalin = arhant, 56, 79 Khalatika, hill, 150, 158 Khāravela, k., 145, 158; date, 159 khattavijjavādī, one maintaining a form of antinomianism, 18 Kilūr, inscription at, 188 Kisa Saṅkicca, n.pr., 19-20, 27-30, 84, 90, 94, 98, 118, 139, 244 Kisa Vaccha, n.pr., 29-30 Kistna, river, 156 Koḍiya, maṭh, 105 Kolar, district of Mysore; inscriptions at, 189-191 Kollāga, pl., 39-41 Kondañña, n.pr., 29-30 Konḍivte, pl., 156 Koṇḍiyāyaṇa, n.pr., 32 Koṅgudeśa, pl., 206 Konow, S., 158 Kosala, pl., 5, 51, 73, 86, 89, 95, 133, 286 Kosambi, pl., 133, 286 Kūṭāgāra-śālā, at Vesāli, 67 the efficiency

c26.31

Kṛṣṇa, god, 154, 277 Kṛṣṇa III, Rāṣṭrakūṭa k., 188 kṣaṇikavāda, the Buddhist doctrine of momentariness, the impermanence of all things, 199 kṣapaṇaka, a Jaina ascetic, 105, 167-8, 170, 182-3 kṣatriya, the warrior class, 21 Kṣurāpāṇi, n.pr., 58 Kukkuṭanagara, pl., 81, 199, 201 Kūlavālaya, ascetic, 70 Kulottuṅga Coladeva, k., 188 kulūpaga, an ascetic maintained by a single household, 127, 131, 138, 146 Kumāradāsa, poet, 99, 106, 165-6 Kumāradevī, queen, 75 Kumāraya, pl., 42 Kumbhavatī, pl., 29 Kummāragāma, 47, 49, 51 Kuṇāladaha, lake, 251 Kuṇḍaga, pl., 45

c26.32

Kūṇiya, Ajātasattu, k. of Magadha, 70, 73-6 Kurukṣetra, pl., 4 Kusinārā, pl., 136 Kūṭāgāra-śālā, at Vesāli, 57 Kuṣāṇ, dynasty, 287

c26.33

Lāḍha, pl., 41, 44-6 Lalita-vistara, Buddhist Skt. text, 34, 165 Lakes, great, 14, 251 Lambuya, pl., 44 Lassen, C., 101 Last Things, eight, 62-3, 68, 127, 209, 254-5 Leśyās, Jaina classification of psychic types, 139, 245 lexicographers, 100-1, 163, 182-4 Licchavi, tribe, 20, 69-71, 74-6 liṅga, the phallic emblem of Śiva, 183 liṅgī, ascetic carrying a liṅga, 183 logic, A., 274-5; Buddhist, 197 Lohaggala, pl., 45 lohiyagaṅgā, Ā. measure of time, 253 Lokāyata, materialism, 3, 232; v. also Cārvāka, materialism, nāstika Lomas Ṛṣi, cave, 153, 156, 159, 209 Loṣṭadhara, n.pr., 206, 209 lotus, 111 Luke, St., Gospel of, 36 lump, grasping a heated, 104, 209

c26.34

maccugaṅgā, Ā. measure of time, 253 Maddaṇā, pl., 45 Mādhavacandra, Jaina commentator, 204, 261; quoted, 204 n. 4 Madhva, Hindu theologian, 282 Maḍivāla, pl., inscriptions, 189-190 Madurā, pl., 195, 197 Magadha-n, pl., 4-5, 8, 11, 26, 35, 44, 47, 51, 67, 70-6, 78, 89, 95, 133, 143, 145, 147, 150, 157, 159, 160, 286 māgadha, bard, 8, 35 Māgadhī, dialect of Pkt., 24-5, 216, 220 Maggas, Pkt. paths, of song and dance, 56, 64, 117, 213-14, 216 magic, 51, 60, 62, 131, 186, 194, 209; Ā. rites, 112-13 Mahābhārata, Skt. epic, 7-9, 34, 38, 90, 132, 158, 162, 218, 273, 282; quoted, 90 n. 2, 218

c26.35

mahā-kalpa (Skt.), -kappa (Pāli and Pkt.), a great æon, 219, 225, 249, 252-4, 258, 263, 275

c26.36.1

Mahākassapa, disciple of Buddha, 108, 136 Mahāli, n.pr., 20 mahā-māhaṇa, a great brāhmaṇa, 52 mahāmānasa, Ā. measure of time, 254, 257 mahā-mātra (Skt.), -matta (Pāli), a minister or government official, 132, 136, 148-9 Mahāmoggallāna, disciple of Buddha, 126 māhaṇa (Pkt.), a brāhmaṇa, 52 n. 6 Mahānandin, k., 144 Mahāniddesa, Pāli text, 273 Mahānimittas, Ā. scriptures, 56, 117, 213-16 Mahāpadāna Sutta, 12-4 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, 4, 148, 272 Mahāpurisa, 1, 77 mahāpuruṣas, eight, 256 Mahāsaccaka Sutta, 118, 123-4 Mahāsīlakaṇṭae, battle, 69 Mahāvamsa, Sinhalese chronicle, 73-4, 89, 145; quoted, 73 n. 2; comm., 131, 145-7 Mahāvastu, Buddhist Skt. text, 34, 78, 83 Mahāvīra, founder of Jainism, 8, 12, 17, 22, 31-5, 40-54, 58-62, 64, 66, 69-71, 75-7, 83, 89, 96, 100, 108-9, 114, 127, 130, 133, 138, 140-2, 174, 229-230, 234, 236, 254, 274-5, 277-8; meeting with M.G., 39; illness, 67 Mahāyāna, the form of Buddhism now practised in the Far East and Tibet, 280; literature, 165 Maheśvara, god = Śiva, 170 Mahmūd of Ghaznī, 207 Majjhima Nikāya, Pāli scripture, 18, 20, 23-4, 27-8, 91, 96, 118-120, 126, 134, 228; quoted, 19 n. 7, 96 n. 2, 118 n. 1, 123 n. 4, 135 n. 1, 229 n. 1 makara, a fabulous sea monster, 154 Makkhali Gosāla, chief leader of the Ās., passim; doctrine, 13; predecessors, 27-34; life, 34-66; birth, 35-9; meeting with Mahāvīra, 39; peregrinations, 41-7; and sesamum plant, 47-9; and Vesiyāyaṇa, 49-50; attains magic power, 50; leader of Ās., 51; taciturnity, 52;

c26.36.2

compared to fisherman, 54; compared to hair blanket, 55; last days, 56-66; exposed by Mahāvīra, 58; visits Mahāvīra, 60; delirium, 61; repentance and death, 64-6; date of death, 66-78; name and titles, 78-9; reincarnations of, 142; status, 275-7; deified, 276; etymology of name, 36-8 Malabar, pl., 195, 198, 282 Malalasekera, G. P., 89, 92 Mallarāma, n.pr., 32 Mallinātha, commentator, 166; quoted, 166 n. 4 Malliṣeṇa, Jaina commentator, 184, 222, 260, 276; quoted, 222 n. 5 mana, impersonal magical power, 284 Mānasa, Ā. heavens, 250-1, 273 mānaykaṇ (Tam.), captain, 134 maṇḍalar (Tam.), v. maṇṭalar maṇḍala-mokṣa, the Ā. doctrine of cyclic salvation, 124, 174, 257-261 maṇḍāra, a celestial flower, 136 Maṇḍiyakucchi, caitya, 31 Maṅgala, pl., 43 mango, 64, 85, 130; stone, 61, 63, 86 Māṇibhadda (Pkt.), Maṇibhadra (Skt.), Ā. god, a yakṣa, 128, 131, 142, 247, 257, 272-4 Maṇimēkalai, Tam. poem and its heroine, 81, 91, 187, 197, 200, 215, 238-9, 244, 263-6, 269, 276-7, 280; quoted, 81 n. 5, 91 nn. 6, 9, 238 n. 3, 244 n. 5, 263 nn. 2-6, 264 nn. 1-4, 265 nn. 2-4 Maṅkha, n.pr., 36 maṅkha, type of mendicant, 8, 35-7, 50, 78, 208 Maṅkhali, father of M.G., 36, 78-9 Maṅkhaliputta, patronymic of M.G., 78 Maṅki, n.pr., 9, 34, 38, 162, 218 maṇṭalar (Tam.), saints who return from nirvāṇa, 260-1, 281-2 Manu, lawbook of, 282 Mānusa, seven, 14, 251 Mānusuttara, Ā. heavens, 250-1, 273 Māra, god, the tempter of Buddhism, 86, 198 mārga (Skt.), v. magga Markali, Tam.

c26.36.3

form of name of M.G., 34, 52, 78-9, 81, 115, 125, 172, 215, 242, 272, 276-7, 280; -nūl, Book of M., 215-16, 263 Maskarin Gośāla, Gośālīkāputra, Gośālīputra, Skt. form of name of M.G., q.v. maskarin, an ascetic bearing a staff, 79, 99-100, 165-7, 171, 182 material-ism, -ist, 5, 18, 23, 200, 267; v. also Cārvāka, Lokāyata, nāstika math, a Hindu monastery, 105 Mattavilāsa, Skt. farce, 126 matter, 267 Maudgalyāyana, disciple of Buddha, 80, 199, 200 Maukhari, clan, 155, 158 Maurya, dynasty, 138, 145-162, 193, 196, 278, 286-7 meat, eating, by Ās., 122 ; by Buddha and Mahāvīra, 123 Menander, Greco-Bactrian k., 67 Meṇḍhiyagāma, pl., 67 mendicants, wandering, 94-107 ; types of Ā., 111, 119 merchants, story of, 59 ; class, 285 Mercury, planet, 169-171, 184 ; metal, 185 metempsychosis, 5 Migāra, n.pr., 97, 132, 137-8 Milinda-pañha, Pāli text, 10, 21, 67 ; quoted, 21 nn. 1, 2 Mīmāṃsaka, school of Hindu philosophy, 229 miracle contest, at Sāvatthi, 84-90 mokṣa, salvation, 176, 180, 259 molecules, 267, 269 monastery, Ā., 81, 201-2 monism, 6, 280 monotheism, Hebrew, 7 Moses, 37 Mucalinda, lake, 251 Mudrārākṣasa, drama, 35, 167-8 ; quoted, 35 n. 7 Mukta, n.pr., 206 mukta, a soul released from transmigration (in Pāñcarātra system), 281 Mūlācāra, Jaina text, 204 muni, sage, 49, 198 Muslim, 154-5, 157, 192, 207 mystery cults, 96

c26.37

Nacciṇārkkiṇiyar, Tam. commentator, 111, 196 ; quoted, 111 n. 6 nāgas, divine serpents, 90, 247 ; worlds of, 14, 247, 258 Nāgārjunī, hill, 148, 150-1 nāgāvāsa, worlds of serpents, 247 nagga-bhogga (Pāli), naked and crippled, 102, 105, 208 nagga-samaṇa (Pāli), a naked ascetic, 97 nagna (Skt.), naked, a type of ascetic, 163-5 nagna-bhagna (Skt.), naked and crippled, a type of ascetic, 105, 208 nagn'-āṭa, -ka, a naked wandering ascetic, 168, 184, 208-210

c26.38

Nāla, pl., 95 Nālandā, pl., 39, 41, 46 Nanda, dynasty, 143-5 Nandaka, peta, 20 Nanda Vaccha, n.pr., 19-20, 27-30, 84, 90, 94, 98, 118, 139, 244 Nandi Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 178, 180-1, 274 ; commentary quoted, 274 n. 5 Nārāyaṇa, god = Viṣṇu, 170, 172-3 Nārīśvara, god = Śiva, 81 Nāstika-vādin, a materialist, 25, 218 ; v. also Cārvāka, Lokāyata, materialism. nature, 225 ; v. also Bhāva naya, in Jaina epistemology, standpoints of predication, -vāda, the doctrine of nayas, 179-180, 274-5 Neil, R.A., 113 Nellore District, inscriptions, 187, 190 Nemicandra, Jaina writer, 181, 204 ; quoted, 181 n. 2 Nepāl, 70 Newal, pl., 33 Nibelungenlied, 7 nigaṇṭha (Pāli), nirgrantha (Skt.), heterodox ascetic, esp. a Jaina, 16, 27, 96-7, 102, 109, 112, 118-19, 138-9, 147-150, 161, 163, 165, 169, 181-4, 243-4, 256, 270 Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta = Mahāvīra, 11, 16-18, 21-23, 61, 75, 80, 91-3, 96, 138, 217 ; doctrine, 16 nigaṇṭhi-gabbha, birth from knots (?), 248-250, 256 Nigoha, cave, 150, 152 nikendabtra, Japanese form of nigaṇṭha, 112 Nilakēci, Tam. poem and its heroine, 52, 80-1, 84, 91, 122, 125, 186-7, 191, 198-202, 215, 236-9, 257, 259-260, 265-272, 276, 280 ; quoted, 81 n. 1, 115 nn. 1, 2, 122 n. 5, 125 n. 2, 201 n. 4, 202 nn. 2-4, 236, 237 n. 4, 260 n. 1, 265 nn. 5, 7, 270 n. 2, 276 n. 4 niraya, purgatory, 248 Nirayāvalikā Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 68, 71-3, 76-7 Nirgrantha Jñātriputra (Skt.) = Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta (Pāli), q.v. nirvāṇa, the highest bliss of the soul, 68 ; Ā., 219, 250, 253, 255, 258-261, 271, 275 ; Jaina, 204 ; = death, parinirvāṇa, Buddha's, 73-4, 76, 89, 108 ; Mahāvīra's, 75-7 niryukti, Jaina commentary, 54 Nītiśataka, poem, 282

c26.39

*nitthā* (Pāli), condition of perfection, 135 n. 2, 261 *nitya*, type of perfected soul, capable of incarnation at will (in Pāñcarātra philosophy), 281 *Niyati*, the cosmic principle of the Ās., Fate, 3, 6, 8, 26, 42, 60, 172, 174, 203, ch. xii, *passim*, 240-1, 257-8, 260-3, 266, 284, 286; in Pāñcarātra philosophy, 281; in Śaivism, 281 n. 6; *v.* also Destiny, determinism, Fate *niyativāda*, doctrine of Niyati, 17, 82, 185, 220, 222, 226-235; development of doctrine, 235-9 non-Āryan, influence on Indian religion, 4-5; countries, 45 nudity, religious, 83, 107-9, 114, 202

c26.40

Okkali and Ōkali, Dravidian Ā. gods, 215, 272-3 oligarchies, 5 omniscience, 19; of M.G., 275-6 *Onpatu-katir*, Tam. Ā. scripture, 215-16, 222 outcastes, 21

c26.41

*paccayas*, requisites of Buddhist *bhikkhu*, 243 Paḍaveḍu, pl., inscription at, 189, 192 Padmaprabha Traividya, Jaina commentator, 204; quoted, 204 n. 5 Padmapura, pl., 199 Pakudha Kaccāyana, n.pr., 11, 17-20, 23-6, 80, 90-3, 168, 217, 228, 256, 262-4, 266-7, 269, 271, 278, 284; doctrine, 16 Palar, river, 186 Pāli, sacred language of Hinayāna Buddhists, 25, 33, 71; canon, scriptures, 10-13, 18, 34, 40, 54, 81, 99, 116 Pāli Text Society, Dictionary of the, 58, 105, 116 n. 2 Pallava, dynasty, 194 *paṇa*, silver coin, 161 Pānagāim, *v.* Drinks Pāñcarātra, a Vaiṣṇava religious system, 276, 280-2; *Saṃhitās*, 281 Pañcatantra, Skt. text, 167, 170 n. 5, 172 Pañcika, *yakṣa*, 86 Paṇḍas, land of the, 142 Pāṇḍu, n.pr., 57 Paṇḍukābhaya, k. of Ceylon, 146 Pāṇḍuputta, n.pr., 57, 126, 131, 133 Pāṇḍya, dynasty, 196

c26.42

D...: ... 36, 78-9, 99; ...-1, 46, 51 Panjāb, 4 *pāpa*, sin, evil, 91 *Papañca Sūdanī*, comm. of Buddhaghosa to *Majjh.*, quoted, 19 n. 7, 27 n. 7 *papāta*, precipice, 252 *paramahaṃsa*, type of ascetic, 105, 114 *paramāṇu*, atom, 267 *Paramattha Dīpanī*, Dhammapāla’s comm. to *Khuddaka Nikāya*, quoted, 271, nn. 3, 4 *paramāvati*, Ā. measure of time, 253 Parāśara, n.pr., 58, 80-1, 177, 199, 200 *paribbājaka* (Pāli) = *parivrājaka* (Skt.), q.v. *parikammāim*, Jaina term of uncertain significance, 178 *pariṇāma*, evolution, 82 *parinirvāṇa*, of Buddha = death, 136 *Pariśiṣṭa-parvan*, Skt. Jaina text, 74, 144 *parivrājaka*, wandering ascetic, 57, 97, 100, 146, 165, 204, 247 Parmāḍi, Parmāṇḍi, *biruda* of Vikramāditya VI, 205 Parmenides, 17, 236 Pārśva Nātha, 23rd tīrthankara of Jainism, 42, 44, 108 Pasenadi (Pāli), Prasenajit (Skt.), k. of Kosala, 5, 51, 85, 89 Pāṭaligāma, early name of Pāṭaliputra, 72-3 Pāṭaliputra, pl., 143, 147 Patañjali, grammarian, 78-9; quoted, 79 n. 1 Pathak, K. B., 183, 204 Paths, two, *v.* *Maggas*; sixty-two, *v.* *paṭipadā*. *paṭipadā*, paths, 14, 242 Pattakālaya, pl., 42 Pattakālagaya, *caitya*, 32 *paṭuvā*, Ā. category, 251-2, 256 ... abandonment of ... 48-9, 57-8, 219, 280-2 Pāwayā, pl., 273 Pāvā, pl., 75, 136 penance, Ā., 88, 110-12, 202-3; bat-p., 110; p. of five fires, 110; in jars, 111, 242; final p., 127-131, 247, 250; Jaina, 128-9. penance-ground, 111, 116 per, *pēr* (Tam.), name, person, 194-5 permanence, unchanging, *v.* *avicalita-nityatvam* pesāca, births as goblins, 14, 251 peta (Pāli), a ghost, 20, 146 Petavatthu, Pāli text, 20, 146, 217, 270-1; quoted, 271 n. 1 Pillar Ediot, Seventh, of Aśoka, 148-9, 161; quoted, 148 n. 4 Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja, disciple of Buddha, 85 Piṅgala, k., 146 Piṅgalavatsa, Ā. ascetic, 146 Piśācaka, n.pr., 200 Piṭṭhicampā, pl., 43 Piyadasi = Aśoka, 150-1 Polāsapura, pl., 52, 115-16, 132-3 poll tax, on Ās., 194-5 polytheism, 4, 6, 284 Pope, G. U., 277 pots, 46, 88, 111, 134 potters, 134, 193 Poygai, pl., inscriptions at, 189-190, 192 Prabhākaravardhana, k., 167-8 Prajāpati, god, 93 prakṛti, in Sāṅkhya philosophy, matter, 81 pralaya, dissolution of the universe, 258 Praśnavyākaraṇa Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 25, 221; quoted, 218 Pravacana-sār'-oddhāra, Jaina text, 181; quoted, 181 n. 2 Pravaragiri, hill, 158 Prayāga, n.pr., 206 Pre-Buddhist Indian Philosophy of B. M. Barua, 12 precipices, 14, 252 predication, principles of, 177, v. also naya Priyadarśin (Skt.) = Piyadasi (Pkt.), q.v. “proofs,” Ā. category, 256 prostitute, 87, 209 Protestantism, 285 proverbs, Tam., quoted, 283 pubbekatavādi, one who maintains the orthodox doctrine of karma, 18 pudgala, in Jaina philosophy, matter, 267 Puṇḍas, land of, 143 Puṇḍra, -vardhana, pl., 143, 147-8, 198 Punnabhadda, Ā. god, 128, 131, 142, 247, 257, 272-4 Punnakalasā, pl., 44 puṇya, virtue, merit, 91

c26.43

Purāṇas, Hindu scriptures, 143-4, 177; Bhāgavata, 144; Vāyu, 113, 122-3, 134, 162-5, 276, 280; quoted, 163 n. 1, 164 n. 1 Pūraṇa Kassapa, Ā. leader, 11, 17-24, 26-8, 80-90, 92-3, 97, 102, 107, 109, 115, 138, 168, 174, 185, 198-9, 201, 216-17, 221, 228, 243, 262, 271, 278, 280; death, 84-90; doctrine, 13 Purāṇanūru, Tam. anthology, 197 “Pure Drink,” Ā. penance, 128-9, 250 purgatories, Ā., 14, 248 Purimatāla, pl., 45 purisa-bhūmi, stages of life, 14, 246, 256 Pūrṇabhadra (Skt.) = Punnabhadda (Pkt.), q.v. Pūrṇa Kāśyapa (Skt.) = Pūraṇa Kassapa (Pkt.), q.v. Puruṣa, in Sāṅkhya philosophy, the soul, 199, 229 Pūrvagatam, section of Dṛṣṭivāda, 180 Pūrvas, earliest Jaina scriptures, now lost, 56, 117, 175, 180-1, 213-15 Puṣyabhūti, n.pr., 167 Puttūr, pl., 189 Puvvas (Pkt.) = Pūrvas (Skt.), q.v. Pyrrhonists, 17

c26.44

quarters, six, of Indian cosmology, 58

c26.45

Rahamusala, battle, 69-70 Rājagaha (Pāli), Rājagrha (Skt.), Rāyagiha (Pkt.), pl., 11, 31, 39, 40, 72-3, 85, 126, 158 Rājarāja III, Cola k., 188-9 Rājatarangiṇī, Kashmir chronicle, 36, 105, 125, 205-210; quoted, 205 n. 5, 206 n. 7, 207 n. 1, 209 n. 7, 210 n. 2 Rājendra Coladeva, k., 188 rajo dhātu, Ā. category, 248, 168

c26.46

raktapaṭa, type of ascetic, 169 Rāma, hero, 287 Rāmanātha Deva, k., 189-190 Rāmānuja, philosopher, 200, 208 “ranks,” kinds of, 256 Rapson, E. J., 206 Raseśvara-darśana, system of philosophy, 185 Rathakāra, lake, 251 rationalist, 19 Ratnacandrajī, Ardha-māgadhī Dictionary, 56

c26.47

Ratna Prabha Vijaya, Muni, 45 n. 1 Rāvaṇa, n.pr., 165-6 Rāyagiha, v. Rājagaha Raychaudhuri, H. C., 71, 72, 133 n. 1 reanimations, of M.G., 28, 31-3, 49; v. also paütta-parihāra regression, infinite, 234 restraint, fourfold, 16, 23 Rg Veda, the most ancient Hindu scripture, 7, 131, 286 Rhys Davids, T. W., 242, 247-8, 252 Rice, L., 105 n. 5 rice-gruel, v. kāñji robbers, M.G. captured by, 44 Rookhill, W. W., 21-2, 89, 247, 256 Roha, n.pr., 32 Rohagupta, n.pr., 177-8, 267-8 Roman Empire, 96 ṛṣi, a legendary sage, 30, 126 ṛta, the order of nature, 284 rugna-nagnāṭaka, type of ascetic, 105

c26.48

sabhā, meeting place, of Ās., v. Ājīvika Saccaka, n.pr., 27, 57, 118, 123 Saḍḍālaputta, n.pr., 52, 53-4, 115, 132-4, 140-1, 229-230, 234, 236 Ṣaḍdarśana-samuccaya, Skt. philosophical text, 81, 185, 222, 235 Saddharma Puṇḍarīka, Buddhist Skt. text, 165 sāḍinagaṅgā, Ā., measurement of time, 253 sāgarovama, Jaina measurement of time, 142, 250 Sahasrāra-kalpa, Jaina heaven, 203-4 Sāhi, dynasty, 205

c26.49

Sākala, pl., 67 Sāketa, pl., 135 Sakka, god = Indra, 44, 86 Śākya, Buddhist, 161, 164, 169, 181, 184; tribe, 5, 34 Saletore, B. A., 105 n. 5, 191, 194 samaṇa (Pkt.) = śramaṇa (Skt.), q.v. Sāmañña-phala Sutta, Pāli scripture, ch. ii, passim, 34, 35, 37, 67, 79, 80, 84, 89, 91, 162, 217-220, 224-5, 227, 236, 240, 254 n. 1, 256, 262, 267, 269, 279; quoted, 13 n. 1, 14 n. 3, 15 n. 4, 16 nn. 1, 4, 17 n. 1, 217, 224 nn. 2-4, 262 nn. 3-5 Samataṭa, pl., 201-2 Samavāyāṅga, Jaina Scripture, 178-181, 274; quoted, 178 n. 4, 215 n. 1; comm., 178; quoted, 179 nn. 2, 3, 5 sambodhaka (Skt.) = cempotaka (Tam.), q.v. saṃhitā, a compilation, 281 Sammuti, k., 142, 144 Saṃyutta Nikāya, Pāli scripture, 52, 67, 80, 91, 216; quoted, 20, 67 nn. 4, 5, 216 n. 5, 217 nn. 1, 2 saṃsāra, the cycle of transmigration, 14, 122, 241, 244, 257-9, 261, 275 saṃsāra-suddhi, purification by transmigration, 228 Sāṇa, disācara, 56-7 sand, mound of, 92 Sandaka, n.pr., 18-19, 28, 39, 80, 138 Sandaka Sutta, of Majjh., Pāli scripture, 18, 28, 96, 228; quoted, 19 n. 7 saṅgati, chance, 225-7, 232 saṅgha, an unorthodox religious community, 3, 56, 100-1; Ā., 111, 113, 115, 149; Buddhist, 103, 120, 136-8 saṅgulikā, a cluster (?), 48 n. 1 Sañjaya Belaṭṭhiputta, Sañjayin, sceptic teacher, 11, 17, 19, 21-2, 86, 93; doctrine, 16 sañjūha (Pkt.), group (of demigods), 249-251 Śaṅkara, philosopher, 93 n. 2, 200, 229 Sāṅkhya, system of orthodox philosophy, 81, 199, 225, 229, 248 Saṅkicca, n.pr., 29-30 saññi-gabbha, conscious births, 14, 248-251 sannyāsī, an ascetic, 108, 169 Sanskrit, drama, 24; literature, references to Ās. in, oh. ix, passim Śānti Parvan, book of Mbh., 38 saptabhaṅgi, Jaina epistemological system, 275 sara (Pāli), lake, Ā. category, 251; Ā. measurement of time, 252-3 Sarabhaṅga, n.pr., 29-30 Śarada, season, 46, 47 Saravaṇa, pl., 36-8 Śārdūlavarman, chieftain, 154 Śārdūla-vikrīḍita, Skt. metre, 171 Śāstrī, ... 57 Ṣaḍdarśana-samuccaya, Skt. philosophical text, 185, 198 Sarvāstivādin, sect of Buddhism, 268 sassatavādi, "eternalist," 95 Sastri, K. A. N., 191 sattagharantariya, type of Ā. ascetic, 111, 119

c26.50

Savvatthi, n. pr., 60, 141 , 75, 84-6, 88, 95, 97, 107, 110-11, 124, 132, 133 n. 1, 135, 138, 140-1, 143, 201 Sayaduvāra, pl., 142-3 sceptic, 19 Schomerus, H. W., 277 Schrader, F. O., quoted, 281 scriptures, Ā., ch. xi, passim Semites, 6 Senart, E., 150-1 Seṇiya, k. = Bimbisāra, 69, 73, 77, 144 senses, seven, 256 serpents, regions of, 247 serpenthood, work of, 128, 131 sesamum plant, M.G. and, 45, 47-9 seṭṭhi, a wealthy merchant, 85, 132-3 Sewell, R., 192 sexual laxity, of Ās., 124-6 , 12, 45, 47

c26.51

Śilāṅka, Jaina commentator, 41, 121, 124, 170, 174-181, 220, 228, 259, 261, 276; quoted, 174 n. 6, 175 nn. 1-3, 176 nn. 1, 4, 221 n. 1, 227 n. 2, 230 n. 1, 231 nn. 1, 2, 232 nn. 1, 2, 233 nn. 1, 4, 234 nn. 1, 3, 4, 235 n. 1, 259 n. 3, 261 n. 2 silence, of M.G., 52, 242 Simhavarman, Pallava k., 187, 191-3 Sinhalese Chronicle, v. Mahāvaṃsa Sītā, n.pr., 166 Śiva, god, 36, 155, 170 skandhas, five, of Buddhism, 199; molecules, 267 Soma, god, 81, 93 n. 2 , song and dance, 116-17, 214, v. Maggas soul, Ā. doctrine of, 270-2 Sprinkling Elephant, Last, 68-9, 154, 209 śrāddha, ceremony in commemoration of ancestors, 120, 163-4 śramaṇa, an ascetic, esp. Jaina, 96, 183, 203 Śravaṇa Belgoḷa, pl., 125, 193, 214 Śrāvasti (Skt.), v. Sāvatthi (Pāli) Śrīnagara, pl., 206 Srinivasan, K. R., 111 staff, of ascetic, 99-100 stages of life, v. purisa-bhūmi

c26.52

standpoints, v. naya static universe, Ā. doctrine of, 236 Stein, M. A., 207 Sthānakavāsī, sect of Jainism, 207 Sthānāṅga Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 112, 214; quoted, 112 n. 2 Sthānīśvara, pl., 168 sthavira, elder of Jaina or Buddhist saṅgha, 177 n. 3 Stormcloud, Last Great, 68 stūpa, a sacred mound, esp. in Buddhism, 108, 156 , 6 heaven, 261 Substitutes for Drink, four, 62-3, 127-130, 254 Sudāma, cave, 152-3, 156-7 Śūdra, the lowest, servile, class, 21, 134 Sugiura, S., quoted, 112 n. 3 suicide, of Ceḍaga, 70; of Pūraṇa, 84-90; ritual, 64, 127-131 sukha, joy, happiness, 91 Sumālya, n.pr., 144 , comm. of Buddhaghosa to Dīgha, quoted, 13 n. 2, 14 n. 2, 15 nn. 1-3, 16 nn. 3-4; v. Buddhaghosa Sumati, n.pr., 144 Suṇakkhatta, disciple of Mahāvīra, 60, 141 Suṇakkhatta, Licchavi, 141 n. 4 Śuṅga, dynasty, 185 Suṇidha, n.pr., 72 śūnyavāda, the doctrine of "emptiness", the illusoriness of the material world, 199 supina (Pāli), a dream, 220, 252 Suraṭṭha, pl., 146 Sūrya, god, 171 Suśruta, physician, 228 sūtra, a concisely expressed rule, 36; a text of religious or technical type, 58; of Trairāśikas, 175, 180-1; of Dṛṣṭivāda, 179 Sūtrakṛtāṅga, Jaina scripture, 53, 114, 121, 124, 174, 176, 226, 230, 232, 234, 261; quoted, 53 nn. 3, 4, 54 n. 1, 114 n. 8, 121 nn. 3, 5, 6, 124, 227 n. 1, 233 nn. 3, 5, 259 sutta (Pāli and Pkt.) = sūtra (Skt.), q.v. Sutta Nipāta, Pāli scripture, quoted, 96 n. 3; comm. quoted, 220 Suvaṇṇakhalaya, pl., 42 Svabhāva, nature, 226; v. also Bhāva svabhāvavādin, a believer in Nature as first principle, 226, 232 Śvetāmbara, the sect of Jainism whose ascetics wear white robes, 176, 183-4 Syādvāda, Jaina doctrine of epistemological, philosophical truth, double standard of, 230, 241 Trairāśika, unorthodox Jaina sect, 174-181, 259, 267, 274 Turk, Turuṣka, 82, 207

c26.53

tāli (Tam.), funerary urn, 111 Tambāya, pl., 44 Tamil literature, Ās. in, 34, 123, 196-203, 262 Tāmralipti, pl., 202 tapas, ascetic penance, 112 tāpasa, type of ascetic, 97, 100, 181 tapasvin, type of ascetic = tāpasa, 100, 169 tarī-drai (Tam.) tex, 190, 194 Tattvārthādhigama-sūtra, comm. to ṣaḍdarśana-samuccaya, 80, 235; quoted, 81-2 Tattuvappirakācar, Tam. commentator, 239, 276 tattvas, basic categories, 199 tax, on Ās., 134, 187-196, 278 tēvar, plural of above, title of Tiruvalluvar, 200 theism, 23, 231-2, 280-2, 287 Theravāda, Hinayāna Buddhism, 239 Therīgāthā, Pāli text, 95 Thullanandā, n.pr., 125 Tibetan, version of Sāmañña-phala Sutta, 21, 23, 247, 249 n. 1, 256; version of death of Pūraṇa, 85, 87, 89 tigharantariya, type of Ā. mendicant, 111, 119 time, 81, 231, 233, 257, 281; v. also kāla tīrthaṅkara, a fully perfected teacher of an unorthodox sect, esp. of Jainism, 12, 27-8, 64, 68, 79, 97, 108, 143 n. 3, 144, 244, 255, 260-1, 275-6, 278 Tirukkural, Tam. text, 196, 201 Tiruvalluvar, Tam. poet, 201 Tiruvorriyūr, pl., inscription at, 188-9, 192 Tiyaggala, lake, 251 Tolkāppiyam, Tam. grammar, 111, 196 traditionalist, 19

c26.54

Uccala, n.pr., 206, 209 ucchedavāda, doctrine denying survival after death, 18, 95, 263 Udāi Kuṇḍiyāyaṇa, n.pr., 30-3, 57-8, 60, 95, 244 Uddaṇḍapura, pl., 32 Udayagiri, pl., 159 Udayarāja, n.pr., 206 Udāyi, bhikkhu, 135-6 Ugrasena, k. = Mahāpadma, 143 Ujjain, pl., 199, 214 Upaka, Ā. mendicant, 94, 98-9, 104, 108-9, 133, 138, 220 Upaniṣads, 172-3; texts, 4-6, 99, 100, 283-4; Paramahaṃsa, 114; Praśna, 92; quoted, 93 n. 1; Śvetāśvatara, 98, 228; quoted, 229 n. 1 uppala-beṇṭiya, type of Ā. mendicant, 111, 120 Uraiyūr, pl. = Trichinopoly, 201 Uruvilvā, pl., 83 Utpala, commentator, 100, 166-7, 168-174, 186, 277, 280; quoted, 170 n. 1, 171 n. 2 Utsarpiṇī, an era of progress (Jainism), 143 n. 3, 144, 275 Uttarādhyayana Sūtra, Jaina scripture, 70 n. 2, 214 Uttar Pradesh, formerly United Provinces, 5 uṭṭiyā-samaṇa, type of Ā. ascetic, 111, 120 Uvacca, Uvaicca (Tam.), 189, 192-3 Uvananda, n.pr., 42 Uvāsaga Dasāo, Jaina scripture, 52, 115, 121, 133, 141, 156, 222, 229; quoted, 218, 229 n. 4

c26.55

Vacchagotta, n.pr., 134 Vaccha Kisa, n.pr., v. Kisa Vaccha Vaḍathikā, cave, 152, 155, 157 Vāhīka, 155, 157 Varāhamihira, astrologer, 101, 184 n. 9; quoted, 184 n. 9

c26.56

*Vaijayantī*, lexicon, 183 *vaikhānasa*, type of ascetic, 98, 100 *vainayika*, a believer in the doctrine of salvation by good conduct, 174, 176-7, 261 Vaiśeṣika, school of orthodox Hindu philosophy, 57, 177-8, 180, 199, 267-9, 281 Vaiṣṇav-ism, cult of the god Viṣṇu, 149, 169, 170-2, 174, 177, 186, 209, 261, 273, 276-7, 280-2; ascetics, 166-7 Vaiśya, the third, mercantile class, 21 Vaitādhya, mountain, 143 Vajjabhūmī (Pkt.), Vajrabhūmi (Skt.), pl., 41, 45-6 Vajji, tribe, 5, 69, 72, 74-5, 77-8 Valabhī, pl., 166 Vālmīki, poet, 177 Vāmana, grammarian, 79 Vāmanamunī, Tam. commentator, 122, 201-2, 215, 237-8, 260, 265; quoted, 122 n. 6, 202 n. 5, 237 n. 2, 276 n. 5 Vamsa, pl., 133 *vānaprastha*, type of ascetic, 98, 100, 184 Vāṇārasī (Pkt.), pl. = Bāṇārasī, Benares, Kāśi, q.v., 32 Vāṇiyagāma, pl., 133 n. 1 Vañji, pl., 197-8 *vanyāśana*, type of ascetic, 169 Varāhamihira, astrologer, 168-174, 184, 280; quoted, 169 n. 1 *varṇas*, four, classes of Hindu society, 5, 134, 162 Vasiṣṭha, legendary sage, 177 Vassakāra, n.pr., 72-4 Vāsudeva, god = Kṛṣṇa, 43, 45-6, 273 Vaṭṭakera, Jaina writer, 204 Veda, the earliest and most sacred Hindu scriptures, 33, 98, 199, 248, 284 Vedānta, system of orthodox Hindu philosophy, 200 Vehalla, n.pr., 69 Vesāli, pl., 20, 32, 34, 44, 57, 69, 71-4, 76, 102, 133 n. 1, 136; siege, 70 Vesiyāyaṇa, ascetic, 49-50 Vidavalūra, pl., 187 Videha, pl., 4, 95 Viḍūḍabha, n.pr., 5 *vihāra*, a monastery, esp. Buddhist, 47, 101, 116 Vihimaggapavā, Jaina text, 54, 122, 256; quoted, 54 n. 4

c26.57

Vijaya, n.pr., 39 *vijjuantariya*, type of Ā. mendicant, 111, 120 *Vinaya*, Buddhist text, 116, 287 *Vinaya*, Jaina text, 116, 287 *Vinaya*, Jaina text, 116, 287 vīṇā, musical instrument, 63-4, 117 *Vinaya Piṭaka*, Pāli text, 116, 120, 124, 132, 135-7; quoted, 136 n. 5 *vinayavāda*, the doctrine of the vinayavādins or vainayikas, q.v. Vinayavijaya, Jaina commentator, 41, 46 Vindhya, mountains, 142 Vindusāra, k. = Bindusāra, q.v. Vīranandi, Jaina writer, 203-4 Visākhā, n.pr., 135, 138 Viśākhadatta, dramatist, 35, 168 *viśiṣṭādvaita*, school of orthodox philosophy, 200 Viṣṇu, god, 170-1, 276, 281 Viśvāmitra, cave, 153, 156-7 Vitāśoka, prince, 148 *vivāsas*, type of ascetic, 184-5 vocations, comfortless, 19 *vrātya*, renegade Āryan, 8 *vṛddha*, *vṛddhaśrāvaka*, type of ascetic, 165, 169-170 *Vyantara*, type of Jaina god, 42 n. 2 Vyāsa, legendary sage, 177

c26.58

wagon maker, 131 war-engines, 69-70 weaving-shed, 39 Weber, A., 114 wind-eater, type of ascetic, 97 women, in Ā. order, 106 writing, kinds of, 256

c26.59

Yādava, lexicographer, 182-4; quoted, 183 *yakṣa*, type of demigod, 86, 249, 273 Yama, god, 35 Yama-cloth, 35 Yaśomitra, Buddhist commentator, 241 *yati*, type of ascetic, 170 *yoni-pamukha*, chief sorts of birth, 14, 241, 248-9 *yojana*, league, a measure of length varying from 4 to 8 miles, 253, 270, 271

History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas: A Vanished Indian Religion c26: Index

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