Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis c25: Index
Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs c25
- Language
- English
Index
c25.1
ADEPT, 322, 323, 328, 329, 330, 334, 338, 352 Ādhāra, 287, 288, 309, 311, 317, 328 Ādharbandha, 284 Ādināth, 56, 62, 75, 76, 136, 230, 231, 234 Aghorī, 6, 31, 71, 72 n., 75, 154, 167, 218, 224 Agriculture, 51 f. Ahiṃsā, 266 Āidevī, 67 Āipanth(ī), 6 n., 9, 21 n., 24 n., 40 n., 43 n., 49 n., 63, 65, 67, 68, 77, 82, 100, 136, 138 Ajapa, 293, 307, 340 Ājñā, 310, 315, 319, 333 Alakh, 10, 44, 202, 239 Alberuni, 216, 352 Alexander, 213 f. Allahābād, 5 n., 28 n., 35, 82, 83, 253 Almora, 7, 10 n., 17 n., 21 n., 22, 23, 24 n., 26 n., 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 41, 42, 47, 80 f., 107 n. Amarnāth, 78, 98 Ambā, 119, 162, 165 Ambāla, 49, 66, 69, 73, 100 American Indian, 59, 347 Amritsar, 38, 62, 64, 100, 103, 160 Amṛta, 345 Amulets, 20, 23, 34, 128, 178 Anāhata, 310, 313, 319, 332, 341, 343 Ancestor, 7 f., 52, 55 Anus, 313, 317, 328 Apāna, 291, 292, 300, 306, 307, 311, 327, 335, 337
c25.2
Āral, 111, 114, 116 Aryan, 155, 212 Āsana, 265, 267, 268, 274, 282, 309, 323, 325, 326, 327, 330, 340, 343 Āśāpūrī, 15, 104, 105, 108 Ascetic, 1, 2, 6, 9, 16, 21, 22, 24, 28, 32, 39, 55, 74, 82, 207, 208, 247, 259 Ashes, 16, 17, 19, 21, 29, 31, 33, 39, 44, 53, 54, 104, 122, 128, 187 ff., 200, 221, 334 Aśoka, 144, 145 n., 217 Āśrama, 209 f., 223 Assam, 50, 69, 78, 166, 181 n., 201, 274 Asura, 104 Atharva-Veda, 155 f., 175, 212, 216, 280 Atīts, 24, 110, 116, 120 Āughar, 4, 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 27, 30, 31, 33, 39, 46, 47, 49, 67, 71, 89, 100, 103, 113, 115, 121, 124, 218, 224 Aurangzeb, 70, 86, 92, 121 Avalokiteśvara, 151, 180 n., 196, 231, 232 n.
c25.3
BĀBĀ, 33, 38 Baber, 98 Badrināth, 7, 20, 34, 37, 78, 124 Bag, 13, 21, 53, 54, 57 Bāirāg, 63, 65, 97, 121, 122 Bājra, 15 Bālaknāth, 31 Bālasundarī, 33 Bāldevī, 93 Bālkeśwar, 31, 71 Bālnāth, 101, 103
c25.4
*Bāmārg*,—69, See *Vāmārga* *Bamboo*, 21, 22 *Bandha*, 323, 324, 325, 327, 330, 335, 337, 338, 340, 341 *Bappa*, 122, 187, 245, 246, 247, 250 *Barber*, 28, 29 *Bāsak Nāg*, 98, 123 *Bathing* (bath, bathe) 24, 28, 29, 41, 42, 54, 134, 145, 147, 170 *Beads* (See rosary) *Beard*, 18 *Beef*, 45, 55 *Beg*, *Beggars*, *Begging*, 21, 22, 44, 45, 51, 53, 56, 57, 59, 72, 73, 97, 192, 202, 204, 206, 210 *Bel*, 41, 43, 53, 54, 138, 143 *Benares*, 3 n., 5 n., 13 n., 14 n., 17, 23, 27 n., 28 n., 30, 41, 46, 52, 78, 83 f., 85, 86, 110, 122, 257 *Bengal*, 4 n., 51, 53, 69, 123 f., 242, 243, 244, 250, 274, 351 *Bhagavad Gītā*, 241, 263, 264 *Bhāirava* (*Bāirab*, *Bhāirom*), 12 n., 17, 21, 28, 32, 34, 36, 53, 54, 58, 70, 74, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 93, 97, 100, 102, 113, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 152, 158 ff., 170, 224, 225, 226, 245, 280 n. *Bhāiravi*, 245, 280 n., 354 *Bhāirom Pāṭ*, 252 *Bhakti*, 235, 266, 351 n., 352, 354 *Bhartṛhari*, *Bhartṛ*, 7, 9, 10, 11, 24, 62, 65, 82, 101 f., 121, 132, 137, 188, 189 n., 237, 242, 244, 245 *Bhek Bārah Panth*, 35, 82, 100 *Bhuj*, 34, 63, 69, 110, 111 *Bībī Nānī*, 106 *Bīja*, 175, 176, 277, 281, 301, 311, 312, 313, 315, 340 n. *Bīja-mantra*, 313, 314, 315 *Bimla*, 63, 67 *Bindu*, 163, 164, 298, 299, 300, 302, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 344, 346, 352
c25.5
*Black buck*, 11, 132 *Blood*, 18, 104, 107, 125, 129, 130, 140 f., 160, 166, 168, 308 *Bolanāth*, 80 *Bombay*, 1, 4 n., 5, 21, 22, 31, 50, 55, 61, 63, 120, 122, 257 *Bowl*, 13, 21, 22, 34, 40, 44 *Boys*, 27, 38, 49, 53, 55 *Brahmā*, 7, 15, 143, 156 f., 162, 169, 176, 197, 228, 261, 267, 270, 273, 293, 294, 302, 305, 312, 316, 319, 343, 346 *Brahmācārya*, 212 *Brahman*, 1, 7, 105, 123 *Brāhman*, 11, 26, 39, 46, 50, 52, 53, 58, 74, 94, 102, 123, 126, 131, 167, 211, 213, 217, 226, 323 n. *Brāhmaṇas*, 176, 259 *Brand*, 17, 110 *Brass*, 11, 13, 19, 22, 48, 53, 58, 92, 112, 114 *Brindaban*, 52, 78 *Buddha*, 213, 217, 231, 276, 279, 280 *Buddhi*, 260, 261 269 *Buddhism*, 150, 209, 218, 232, 248, 262, 276, 278, 279 *Buddhist*, 131, 150, 151, 180, 181, 218, 229, 231, 232, 233, 243, 245, 249 f., 259, 275, 280, 327, 351 *Buffalo*, 24, 55, 56, 93 n., 95, 141 *Bull*, 11, 20, 57, 84, 122, 154, 247, 313, 315 *Burial* (buried, *samādh*, grave), 9, 22, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 66, 70, 80, 81, 85, 88, 89, 94, 97, 100, 104, 115, 121, 123 f., 136, 170, 154
c25.6
*CAKRA*, 150, 163, 171, 175, 177, 274, 281, 288, 289, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 329, 331, 332, 333 *Cakrapūjā*, 106, 171, 173 *Chamār*, 13 n., 68, 99, 138 *Caṇḍālas*, 107, 143 *Candidate*, 26 ff., 89, 116, 119
c25.7
Cap, 19, 29, 40 Caran, 31, 41, 57, 85, 87, 102, 122 Cartilege, 1, 32, 56, 58 Caste, 26, 27, 29, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 83, 117, 151 Cave, 44, 78, 79, 80, 82, 118, 119, 121 Cawnpore, 13 n., 21 n., 24 n. Cela, 35, 36, 38 Celibacy, 260, 266 Celibate, 5, 34, 46, 47, 49, 57, 58, 72, 73, 89, 110, 116, 122, 198 Charity, 37, 45, 46, 110, 115, 116 Charm, 20, 23, 25, 57, 59, 128; see Amulet Christian, 26, 219, 241 n. Club, 22, 124, 160, 202, 221 f., 239 Cocoanut, 21, 25, 28, 33, 95, 108 Coin, 247, 248 Coli, 63, 67 n., 174 Colināth, 63, 77 Conch, 8, 22, 42, 54, 113, 202 Copper, 8, 11, 20, 42, 58, 124 Corpse, 18, 48, 52, 58, 175 Cotton, 11, 19, 31 Cow, 31, 42, 45, 247, 318 Cow dung, 3, 16, 39, 53, 54, 89 Crutch, 21, 22, 40 Curse, 25, 73, 117 Cuṭiya, 18, 28, 29, 32 n., 131
c25.8
DĀDĀ, 33 Dagger, 20, 180 n. Darṣan, 7, 8 Darṣanī, 1, 44, 49, 50 Daryanāth (ī), (=panth), 64, 66, 82, 102 Dās, 29 Dasnāmīs, 11, 12 n., 24 n. Dayanāth, 118, 192 f. Dead, 39, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 123, 136 Death, 29, 50, 92, 160, 185, 307, 340 Demon, 18 n., 104, 138, 158, 225, 271, 347
c25.9
Devī, 8 n., 24, 36, 37, 40, 42, 57, 63, 91, 92, 95, 97, 100, 105, 106, 108, 113, 114, 120, 134, 140, 162, 164, 172 Devī Pātan, 12 n., 13 n., 17 n., 18 n., 26, 29, 38, 46, 47, 60, 79, 90, 92, 94 ff., 140, 141, 149, 152, 161, 334 Dhajjanāth, 63, 68, 77 Dharamnāth (Dhoramnāth), 21, 24, 35, 36, 45, 47, 64, 77, 80, 81, 111 ff., 139, 142, 229, 230, 354 Dharamnathī, 1, 35, 64, 80, 116, 121 Dharamśālās, 36, 113, 150 Dhāraṇā, 262, 265, 268, 269, 276, 315 Dharma (and the cult), 53, 151, 244, 245, 249 Dharma Maṅgala, 243 Dhāutī, 153, 254, 274, 328 Dheḍs, 26 Dhinodhar, 8, 12, 14 n., 16 n., 18 n., 20, 21, 24, 26 n., 28 n., 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 45, 46, 73, 110 f., 115 ff., 130, 139, 141, 142, 150, 152, 171, 193, 230 Dhoṭī, 21 Dhūnī, 16, 21, 40, 44, 88, 94, 108, 112 ff., 118, 123, 128, 130, 202, 228 Dhyāna, 262, 265, 268, 269, 346 Dhyāni Buddhas, 277 Divination, 2, 49, 127 Divya, 283 Dog, 8 n., 24, 55, 56, 57, 59, 97, 135 Dom, 51, 204, 243 Dravidian, 161 Drugs, 23, 123, 153, 202, 205, 347 Drum, 2, 22, 57, 97, 115 Durgā, 15, 90, 129, 164, 165 f., 171 Durgāpūjā, 171 Dvāraka, 3 n., 71, 78, 120
c25.10
EAR, 1, 6 ff., 9, 10, 11, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 48, 49, 56, 60, 73, 74, 98, 247, 248, 249, 306
c25.11
Ear-rings, 1, 6 ff., 9, 10, 11, 13, 20, 32, 33, 39, 40, 47, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 66, 74, 81, 82, 84, 100, 113, 114, 123, 124, 128, 130, 131, 202, 221, 237, 248, 249 Ear-splitting, 1, 9, 10, 27, 28; 29, 31, 32, 33, 48, 49, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 73, 103, 118, 123, 199, 202, 248 Ekadasis, 51 f. Ekliṅgaji, 122, 222 Election, 35, 36, 37 Elephant, 271, 299, 312, 315, 337, 346 Evil eye, 22, 23, 128 Exorcism, 2, 23, 89, 125, 127 Eyebrows, 269, 318, 336, 342, 344, 345
c25.12
FAECES, 306, 337 Faqīr, 1 n., 4 n., 5, 6, 105, 185, 192, 194, 207 Fast, 28, 37, 259, 266 Finger nail, 18 Finger ring, 20 Fire, 2, 10, 21, 52, 58, 91, 311, 313, 315, 318, 319, 330, 338, 345 Fire-tongs, 13, 21, 22 Fish, 9, 45, 54, 56, 125, 129, 248, 278, 280 Food, 8, 29, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 72, 73, 110, 116, 136, 325, 336 Forehead, 12 n., 16, 17, 37, 40, 54, 109, 123, 127, 221 Funeral, 7 f., 42, 49, 50, 51, 54, 58
c25.13
GADDI, 20, 36, 37, 38, 42, 63, 64, 87, 89, 111 n., 124, 138 Gāinināth, 242 Gambling, 23 Gaṇeśa, 24, 73, 80, 81, 84, 110 Gang, 29, 43, 82, 97, 106, 121 Gaṅgānāth, 65 Garhwāl, 8 n., 10, 48, 79 Garībnāth, 24, 64, 116 f. Gāurī-Śaṅkar, 15, 18 n., 112 Gāyatrī, 175, 293, 307, 340, 341 Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā, 254, 267, 273, 329
c25.14
Girnār, 119, 192, 230 Goat, 2, 88, 92, 93, 95, 99 Godāvarī, 64, 78, 121 Gold, 6, 7, 20, 23, 40, 42 Gopicand, 24, 50, 51, 55, 56, 63, 67, 69, 75, 122, 183, 185, 190, 194, 198, 203 f., 205 n., 206, 242, 243, 244, 245, 277 Gorakh Bansuri, 7 n., 123 Gorakhnāth (Gorakṣanātha, Gorakh, Gorakṣa), 1–25, 31, 39, 42, 49, 50, 53 f., 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130, 132, 136, 137, 138, 141, 143, 145, 149, 150, 160, 179, 180 n., 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 227, 228–240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 252, 255, 256, 284, 285, 304, 327, 341, 351, 352 n., 354 Gorakhnāthī (s), 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 23, 26, 30, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 46, 48, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 79, 82, 83, 86, 90, 94, 98, 102, 103, 105, 109, 125, 131, 136, 142, 150, 152, 154, 184, 185, 218, 219, 230, 236, 251, 274, 280 Gorakhpanthī, 5, 23, 31, 72 n., 82 Gorakhpur, 3, 5 n., 17 n., 18 n., 20, 21, 24, 26, 27 n., 28 n., 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 46, 47, 59, 82, 86 f., 89, 102, 120, 128, 130, 138, 140, 142, 182, 228, 249 Gorakhpur Lawsuit, 37 Gorakṣaśataka, 171, 230, 254, 273, 284–304, 305, 317, 330 Gorkha, 78, 138, 181 Gourd, 22, 40, 204 Govindpant, 241, 242 Grhasta, 34, 56, 80, 85, See Householder Gūgā (Gūgā Pīr), 24, 99 f., 132, 134, 138, 149, 181, 183 f., 187 n., 191 f., 193, 195, 197, 198, 199, 201, 235 f., 241 Gujarāt, 2, 222 Gurkha, 78, 79 Guru, 3, 6, 9, 10, 15, 28 ff., 36, 38, 39, 41, 53, 54, 74, 75, 89, 139, 184, 193, 242, 276, 284, 326, 332, 334, 354
c25.15
HĀḌI (Hāḍipā), 51, 69, 243, 277 Hail, 23 Hair, 16, 18, 29, 30, 55, 56, 57, 60, 249 Hākiṇī, 38 Hālmaṭaṅgā, 12, 13 n., 21 Haṃsa, 293, 331, 336, 340 Hanumān, 12, 14, 17, 88, 102, 150 Hardvār, 3n., 4, 6n., 9, 29, 31, 35, 40, 41, 43, 65, 67, 68, 78, 82, 257 Harināth, 38, 97 Haṭha Yoga, 1, 2, 3, 97, 171, 175, 210, 251, 252, 267, 272, 273, 274, 275, 284, 292, 306, 310, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 329, 338, 340, 343, 351 Haṭhayogapradīpikā, 3 n., 253 f., 273, 287, 318, 326, 327, 333 Head, 6, 18, 28 Heart, 306, 313, 314, 317 Hermit, 2, 4, 82 Heth (Hethnāth), 63, 64, 67, 102 Himālaya, 1, 3n., 7, 8n., 19, 32n., 47, 78, 101, 110, 130, 134, 136, 138, 139, 158, 164 f., 170, 186, 194, 201 Hindu, 19, 20, 23, 26, 27, 30, 39, 45, 48, 49, 50, 54, 56, 60, 66, 71, 75, 94, 99, 105, 106, 108, 110, 241, 258 Hiṅg Lāj, 3 n., 10, 15, 17, 34, 60, 78, 90n., 103, 104 f., 109 f., 113, 151, 169 Hiṅgol, 106 Hīr, 24, 25, 103, 183, 185 f., 207 Hiuen Tsang, 224, 241 n. Holi, 94
c25.16
Householder, 34, 42, 47, 48, 56, 57, 58, 209 Huqqa, 20, 72
c25.17
ĪḌĀ, 290, 291, 292, 296, 308, 320, 327, 329 Image, 11, 20, 55, 78, 79, 80, 85, 87, 92 f., 112 f., 122, 129, 139, 149, 150, 194, 247, 249, 250, 330 Incense, 17, 40, 43, 54, 97, 139 Indra, 128, 157, 162, 191, 217 Indriya, 315, 344 Indus, 103, 105, 243 Indus River Civilization, 22 n., 155 n., 162 n., 210 n. Initiate, 7, 27, 38 Initiation (ed), 6, 10, 15, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 48, 53, 54, 55, 58 Iron, 20, 124 Islam, 151, 275 Īśvara, 173, 266, 269, 314, 316 Ivory, 8, 9
c25.18
JADE, 8, 11 Jāfir Pīr, 64, 71 Jain, 72, 73, 151, 213, 217 f., 259, 279 Jālandhar (Jālandharpā, Jālandharnāth), 9, 31, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 69, 75, 77, 85, 190, 194, 198 Jālandharbandha, 295, 300, 336, 338 Janeo, 11, 12, 13, 38 Jhelum, 64, 71, 101, 241 Jīva, 292, 293, 302, 306, 307, 327, 329, 331, 333, 340 Jñāna-yoga, 263, 272 Jñāneśvar, 74, 241, 242, 249 Jñāneśvarī, 242 Jog, see Yoga Jogeśvar, 35, 113, 248 Jogī, see Yogi Juggling, 23
c25.19
KABĪR, 179 n., 199 f., 218, 231, 236, 238 f., 241, 249 Kacch, 6, 8, 20, 24, 26, 34, 37, 38, 45, 63, 64, 110, 116 ff., 193, 229
c25.20
Kāilās, 71, 86, 104 Kālāmukha, 220 ff., 223 f. Kālī, 85, 87, 106, 123, 166, 169, 171, 312, 354 Kāma, 17 n., 19, 28 n., 81 f., 153, 157 f. Kāma (village), 17 n., 19, 28 n., 34, 48, 81, 82 Kāmarūpa, 167, 232, 288, 311, 313 Kanda, 290 n., 306, 308, 309, 310, 316, 319 Kān-guru (Cīra-guru), 32 Kānipā (Kānipāo), 31, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 69, 75, 77 Kānphaṭa (Kānphaṭiya), 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 45, 46, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 59, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 85, 86, 90, 95, 98, 101, 102, 103, 110, 111, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 131, 133, 136, 138, 140, 141, 143, 149, 150, 152, 154, 162, 171, 172, 185, 218, 227, 228, 233 Kānphaṭa Yogīs, 243, 244, 249 n., 251, 254, 274 Kāṇṭhadnāthīs, 26, 33, 63, 73, 110, 111 Kaṇṭharnāth, 63, 69, 70 Kāpāla, 219, 226 Kāpālika, 224 ff. Kapalmuni, 65, 68, 77, 124 Kaplānī, 63, 65, 68, 77, 80, 124 Karāchī, 3 n., 103, 107, 109, 192 n. Karma-yoga, 263, 264, 272 n. Karna (Rāja Karan), 91, 92, 94 Karuṇā, 278 Kashmīr, 3 n., 4 n., 78, 98 Kāṭhamāṇḍu, 3 n., 79, 229 Kāṭhiāwār, 2, 45, 111 n., 116, 119 f., 138, 228 Kāula, 283 Kavaca, 175, 178 Kedārnāth, 7, 20, 74, 78, 124 Kettle drum, 42, 93, 96, 97 Khakhar, 110, 112, 116 n., 119 n. Khecarīmudrā, 11, 297, 298, 333, 338, 339, 340 n., 344 Kirāna, 19, 31, 100, 101, 103 Kitchen, 85, 114, 115 Knife (two-edged), 2, 6, 28, 32, 33 Koteśwar, 17, 34, 103, 109 f., 116, 154 Kṛṣṇa, 74, 88, 113, 157, 204, 253, 263, 351 n. Kumāon, 5 n., 8, 10, 11 n., 48, 74, 79 Kumbh Mela, 28 n., 35, 102, 122 Kuṇḍal, 7, 9 Kuṇḍalinī (Kuṇḍalī), 164 n., 171, 273, 274, 281, 293, 294, 295, 305, 309, 310, 311, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 325, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 335, 338, 340, 341, 343, 345 Kuṇḍalinī-Yoga, 273, 274, 282, 316, 321, 322, 343, 344 n., 352
c25.21
LAKṢMAṆNĀTH, 64, 77, 101, 102, 124 Lakulīśa, 22 n., 63, 221 f., 247 Lamp, 54, 97, 100, 114, 115 Lāṭh (of Bhāiroṅ), 83, 84 Laya-Yoga, 272 f., 274 Leprosy, 102, 114, 117 Life restored, 72, 73 Liṅga, 40, 41, 55, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 96 f., 98, 109, 112, 114, 124, 133, 142, 143, 153, 154, 172, 221, 247, 249, 279, 310, 311, 314, 315, 317, 319, 326 Liṅgayats, 123 Lion, 271, 337 Liquor (spirits), 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 123 Loins, 93, 105 Loin-cloth (laṅgoṭī), 12, 19, 21, 29, 40 Lokeśwar, 248 Lotus, 9, 134 f., 162, 172, 175, 176, 177, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 319
c25.22
MACCHENDRAṆĀTH (Macchendra, Matsyendranāth), 9, 24, 41 n., 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 72, 73, 76, 77, 79, 83, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 131, 143, 144 f., 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 180, 181 f., 182, 188, 190, 194, 195 f., 197, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 237, 247 f., 280, 284 n., 287 Magic, 23, 31, 51, 57, 96, 104, 111, 125, 127, 128, 129, 154, 187, 198 ff., 216, 259, 274, 275, 281, 336, 340, 341, 343 Mahābhārata, 7, 91, 92, 219 Mahāmudrā, 278, 288, 295, 296, 297, 330, 335, 336 n., 337 Mahant, 7, 8, 12, 20, 34 n., 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 48, 62, 83, 88, 89, 96, 97, 100, 102, 103, 122, 124, 139 Mahāsukha, 277, 279 Mahāyāna, 275, 277 Mahādeva (Mahādeo), 9, 15, 52, 80, 82, 85, 88, 94, 108 f., 109, 110, 122, 123, 140, 246 Mahīpālā, 245 Maithuna, 173, 323, 334 Māitrikas, 245 Makāra, 173, 174, 279, 280, 282 Makrān, 105, 107, 114 Manas, 260, 314, 315, 332, 334, 337 n., 343, 344 Manasā, 123 Manasarovāra, Lake, 3 n., 86 Maṇḍala, 276 Manikcand, Manikcandra Pāla, 243, 244, 277 Maṇipūraka, 289, 310, 313 Mantra, 28, 32, 33, 42, 54, 168 n., 174, 175, 176, 178, 185, 203, 231 n., 234 f., 266, 274, 275, 276, 281, 282, 293, 307, 310, 319, 330, 331, 336, 340, 341, 346 Marriage, 18 n., 28, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53 (infant), 55, 56, 57, 58 Māruta, 306, 344 Mātā, 106, 108 Mātājī, 128 Matha (see Monastery) Medicine, 23, 125, 127 Mela, 24, 35, 95, 103, 115, 141 Mendicant, 2, 4, 6, 10, 153 Menstruation (See Rajas) Millet, 15, 104 Mīnanātha (Mīnanāth), 69, 230, 234, 243, 284
c25.23
Mokṣa (Mukti), 104, 262, 263, 334, 344, 351 Mokṣadharma, 263 Monastery (Matha, Asthāl, Akārā), 3, 7, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28 n., 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 66, 68, 78, 79, 82, 88, 89, 94, 95, 100, 101, 103, 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, 118, 121, 123, 218 Moon, 50, 274, 298, 299, 308, 312, 313, 315, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 329 Moshan Fani, 224, 230 Mudrā, 173, 175, 178, 203, 226 f., 230, 234, 274, 276, 296, 309, 320, 323, 324, 325, 327, 330, 335, 338, 340, 342 Mukti, 104, 263, 351 Mudrā (ring), 6, 9, 10, 69 Mūlabandha, 295, 300 Mūlādhāra, 310, 311, 312, 313, 317, 319, 322, 331, 333 Musalmān (Muhammadan), 1 n., 2, 5, 6, 26, 27, 39, 45, 60, 66, 70, 71, 92, 94 f., 105, 106, 108 f., 112, 141, 152, 173, 183, 240, 241
c25.24
NĀDA (Nād), 40, 50, 164, 282, 337, 341, 343, 345, 346 Nādī, 6, 262, 274, 290, 291, 292, 295, 303, 304, 305, 307, 308, 309, 310, 316, 319, 327, 328, 329, 336, 339, 343 Nāga, 19, 34, 90, 91 n., 132 ff., 145, 195, 196, 241 n., 307 Nagar Thaṭha, 103 ff., 110 Nāgnātha, 33, 66, 81, 93 Nāgpañcamī, 54, 93, 133f., 148f. Nāinī Tāl, 17 n., 21 n., 47, 80, 98 Nānak, 249 Nanhoo Singh, 37 Narbada, 30, 85 Nāsik, 9 n., 121, 123, 233 Nātarāja, 22 Nātha (Nāth), 1, 5, 15, 33, 49, 52, 55, 56, 57, 64, 67, 73, 77, 86, 117, 131, 136, 137, 151 n., 159, 238, 242, 245, 247, 249 Nathī, 1
c25.25
Nāthnī, 1, 34 Naurātri, 46, 115 Navel, 221, 306, 307, 313, 317, 318, 328, 330, 337 Neck, 11, 15, 21, 29 Necklace, 16, 20 Nectar (See Bindu) Nepāl (Nepalese), 2, 3 n., 11, 19, 35, 37, 45, 59, 78, 86, 90, 95, 116, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250 Nīmnātha, 33, 68, 72, 151, 233 Nīm-wood, 6, 32, 54 Nirvāṇa, 227, 276, 278, 279 Niyama, 265, 266, 268, 272 n., 280 Nizām, 11, 53, 61, 66 Nose, 306, 317 Nose-ring, 56 Nummulites, 104, 105 Nyāsa, 175, 178
c25.26
Oblation, 8 Ochre, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 30 f., 40, 42, 54, 55, 100, 123 Oleander, 107 Oṃ, 30, 33, 143, 175, 176, 219, 220, 231 n., 266, 267 n., 284, 301, 315, 330, 332, 340 Oṃkār, 30 Opium, 46, 55, 56 Order, 2, 11, 26-33, 42 Orissa, 4 n. Orphans, 26 Oudh, 3 n., 4, 5 Oxen, 25
c25.27
Padma, 309, 310 Padmāsana, 287, 326, 327 Pāe Dhūnī, 21, 72 n., 122 Pāgalnāth, 63 Pāla (s), 51, 243, 244 Palmistry, 23 Pañchayati, 38 Pāṇḍavas (Pāṇḍus), 7 f., 8 n., 14 Panjāb, 1n., 2, 4n., 5, 7, 19, 26, 30, 31, 34, 35, 45, 49, 60, 64, 67, 71, 78, 86, 91, 98, 99, 102, 116, 241, 242 Panth(s) 27, 31, 35, 37, 63, 68, 69, 71, 74, 77
c25.28
Pāonāth, 63, 67, 69 Paramparās, 67, 75, 76, 77, 150 n., 230, 277 Pārasnāth, 233 Parikrama, 30, 31 Pārvatī, 10, 11, 15, 18, 57, 76, 81, 104 ff., 108 f., 119, 152, 159, 164 ff., 182 f., 190, 226, 231, 234, 280 Paśu, 282 Pāśupata Śiva, 243, 248 Pāśupata(s), 156, 171, 218 ff., 224, 232 n., 245, 281 Paśupati (Paśupatināth), 11, 20, 49 n., 73, 79, 88, 218, 220 f. Pātāla, 90, 108 Patañjali, 4, 133 n., 213, 259, 262, 265, 270, 272, 273, 347 Patchword, 19, 64, 124 Pāvitrī, 7, 11, 12, 19 Peacock (feathers), 23, 32, 57, 81, 85, 87, 115 Penance, 114, 116, 117 Peshāwar, 63, 65, 69, 71, 98, 116, 118 Phallic, 12, 17, 115, 154, 155 Phallus (see Liṅga), 246, 249 Pig, 45, 55, 56, 57, 92, 94, 95 Pilgrim, 79, 80, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109 Pilgrimage, 3, 10, 15, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 39, 41, 52, 78, 105, 106, 107, 114, 120, 196, 245 Piṅgalā, 290, 291, 292, 296, 308, 320, 327, 329 Pipal tree, 88 Pipe bowl, 22 Pīr, 8, 20, 26, 31, 34 n., 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 81, 95, 96, 100, 111 n., 115, 119, 207 Pīr Arr, 243 Pīr Paṭāo, 118, 243 Pīṭha (s), 90, 106, 310 Polygamy, 53, 55 Poona, 71, 75 Pork, 45, 55 Possession (spirit), 97 Posture (see also Āsana), 40, 53, 58, 60
c25.29
Prajāpati, 208, 212 Prajñā, 278 Prakṛti, 163, 271, 317, 319, 343 Prāṇa (breath), 282, 289, 291, 292, 293, 300, 302, 303, 304, 305 f., 307, 308, 312, 313, 320, 325, 327, 329, 331, 332, 335, 337, 343, 344 Prāṇāyāma, 237, 238, 262, 265, 267, 268, 273, 274, 282, 292 n., 302, 306, 309, 320, 324, 325, 329, 330, 331, 335, 341 Prasād, 37, 38, 96, 97, 139, 140 Pratipakṣāhāra, 266 Pratyāhāra, 262, 265, 267, 268, 340 n. Prayāga, 78, 134 Puberty, 58 Pūjārī, 9, 34, 43, 47, 74, 80, 84, 88, 94, 97, 100 Puran Bhagat, 24, 98, 183 ff., 187f., 191, 197 ff., 206, 207, 239 f., 241 Purī, 7 n., 8, 9, 19 n., 22, 36, 63, 64, 124 Puruṣa, 273, 313
c25.30
RADHAKRISHNAN, 265, 266, 270 Rāja Gaddi, 37 Rāja Rasālū, 24, 71, 183 f., 189, 192, 201, 207, 239 f. Rajas, 289, 299, 318, 323, 325, 332, 333 Rāja-Yoga, 272, 274, 275, 342, 343 Rajputs, 26, 54, 122, 123, 183 Rāma, 82, 90, 91, 104, 105, 200, 238 Rāmāi Pandit, 244, 245 Rāmcandra, 64, 101, 105 Rāmeśvar, 78 Rāmnāth, 64, 77, 80 Rānī Piṅglā, 24, 183, 189, 242, 244 Rānjha, 24, 25, 64, 71, 103, 183, 185 f., 198 ff., 203, 205, 206, 207 Rasālū, 241, 250 Ratannāth, 29, 35, 59, 63, 65, 66, 79, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98
c25.31
Rāvaṇa, 82, 90, 105 Rāwal, 2, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 63, 66, 115, 118, 121 Rāwalpindi, 66, 241 Razor, 6, 7, 29, 129, 203 Rectum, 306, 317, 337 Red, 17, 20, 22, 40, 42, 56, 108, 113, 115, 121, 123 Rhinoceros (and Horn), 7 f., 8 n., 11, 19, 58, 127, 130, 131f., 168 n. Rice, 15, 17, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 58, 104 Rig Veda, 155 f., 163, 175, 208, 260, 347 Rings (see Ear-rings), 11, 40 Rīṣikeṣh, 82 Rāmanuja, 220 f., 223, 224, 226 Rosary (See Rudrākṣa), 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 34, 39, 40, 54, 55, 56, 104, 105, 107, 225 Roṭ, 40, 42 Rudra (see Śiva), 14, 155 ff., 211, 212 f., 305, 319, 342, 354 Rudrākṣa, 11, 13 f., 39, 40, 54, 55, 56, 60, 225, 313 Rupee, 32, 35, 40
c25.32
SACRED THREAD (Janeo), 11, 12, 13, 21, 29, 33, 40, 47, 52, 54, 58, 60 Sacrifice, 50, 55, 88, 94, 95, 107 Sādhu, 6, 24, 118 Sahasrāra, 316, 317, 322, 333 Śaivite, 10 f., 13, 14, 16, 17, 88, 91, 150, 152, 179, 181, 203, 218, 232 ff., 247, 249 f., 262, 272, 279, 351 Śakkarnāth, 70, 71, 77 Śāktas, 14 n., 46, 53, 129, 130, 162, 164, 174, 176, 178, 225, 262, 272, 273, 274, 275, 318, 351, 352, 353 Śakti, 9, 46, 52, 63, 69, 77, 78, 88, 109, 111, 130, 139, 141, 144, 152, 162, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 224, 225, 231n., 278, 279, 281, 294, 299, 305, 310, 317, 319, 322, 323, 331, 335, 336, 339, 343, 345, 352, 354
c25.33
Śaligrām, 81, 85 Salt, 40, 54, 58 Sālu Sāmp, 60 Samādh (see Tomb, Burial), 9 n., 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 66, 81, 82, 85, 88, 89, 93, 94, 97, 102, 103, 114, 115, 121, 123, 124 Samādhi, 153, 172, 213, 262, 264, 265, 268, 269, 270, 276, 289, 324, 340 n., 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347 Sāmkhya, 163, 212, 258 n., 262, 263, 264, 268, 270, 271, 281 Śaṅkara, 51, 151, 156, 220, 224, 250, 254, 255, 264, 281 Sannyāsa, 263 Sannyāsī, 6, 52, 119, 191, 213, 218 Santnāth, 35, 47, 63 f., 71, 77, 81, 116, 124 Sāraṅgī, 24, 97 Satnāthīs, 19, 20, 22, 34, 47, 63, 64, 81, 116 Sawārikot, 35, 79, 92, 95, 96 Scalp-lock (see Cuṭiya), 18, 28, 29, 30, 54 Scissors, 29 Sect, 33, 34, 47, 48, 57, 58, 63 (See Chapter IV) Secular employment, 23 ff., 47, 49, 50 ff., 55 ff., 66, 80 Semen (See Bindu), 15 Sepalas, 59 ff., 69, 133 Shave (d), 18, 28, 29, 31, 54, 93 Sheep, 11, 12, 19, 56 Shoulder, 13, 21, 22 Shrine, 29, 30, 36, 37, 39, 44 Shroud, 29 Siālkot, 2, 23, 71, 98, 129, 184, 187, 201, 239, 241 Siddha, 10, 33, 52, 53, 64, 69, 71, 86, 99, 117, 136 f., 159, 235, 237 Siddhi, 137 f., 226, 272 Sikhs, 24, 60, 99, 236 Silver, 12, 20, 21, 23, 34, 40, 42, 43, 58 Sind, 3 n., 19 n., 40 n., 64, 89, 103, 109, 118, 119, 242, 243 Siṅgnād, 8, 11, 12, 13, 29, 30 Siṅgnād-janeo, 12, 13, 29
c25.34
Śirālā, 120, 149, 187 Sītā, 90 f., 105 Śītalā, 53 Śiva, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22, 36, 48, 49, 52, 53, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81 n., 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 94, 98, 100, 102, 104 ff., 108 f., 113, 119, 120, 122, 123, 128, 131, 133, 136, 139, 140, 142, 143, 152, 153, 154, 155 ff., 162, 163, 164, 165 f., 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 181, 182 f., 190, 212, 218, 219, 222, 224, 228, 231, 234, 237, 246, 247, 248, 249, 267, 273, 274, 280, 282, 286, 299, 305, 310, 314, 315, 317, 318, 322, 323, 325, 331, 332, 339, 340, 342, 343, 344, 348, 354 Śiva Saṃhitā, 48, 150, 176 Śivrātri, 42, 57 Snake (serpent), 24, 57, 59, 60, 61, 69, 85, 88, 93, 98, 123 n., 132 ff., 149, 153, 160, 184, 188, 191, 195, 196, 271, 315 Snake Charmer, 95 Somnāthjī, 38 Songs, 24, 25 Sorcerer, 1 Sorcery, 55 Spells (See Mantra), 23, 128 Spirits, 17, 22, 23, 137 Śrāddha, 42, 54 Śrī-cakra, 352 Śrī Nagar, 8 n., 9 n., 79, 80, 111 Staff, 20, 21, 22, 40, 97 ‘Stone’ beads, 15 Śūdra, 23, 26, 51, 89, 140, 323 n. Sumaraṇi, 14 Sun, 50, 101, 131, 274, 299, 316, 318, 319, 330 Sundarnāthjī, 36, 37 Śūnya, 277, 278, 279, 316, 343 Suṣumnā, 282, 289, 290, 294, 308, 309, 311, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 329, 331, 334, 337, 340, 342, 343, 344 Svādiṣṭhāna, 288, 289, 310, 312, 331, 332
c25.35
Svastika, 128, 312 Sweets, 28, 33, 41, 43, 96, 97 Sword, 2, 109, 145, 186, 191, 224
c25.36
TABOO, 125, 131 Talisman, 25 Tank, 29, 94 Tantra, 163, 164, 171, 274, 275, 279, 280, 281, 283, 327 n., 352 Tāntra (Tāntric), 150, 151, 166, 212, 218, 224, 231n., 257, 272, 274, 276, 278, 279, 280 Tapas, 208 ff., 216 f., 266, 347, 354 Tārā, 280 Tattoo, 57 Temple, 10, 28, 36, 44, 47, 92 f., 246 f., 248, 249, 250 Thāru, 59, 93 n. Thaṭha (Taṭṭa), 65, 89, 103, 104, 105, 110, 243 Third eye (of Śiva), 4 Thread (see Sacred Thread and Janeo), 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, 33, 40, 52, 54, 58, 60, 128, 138, 154, 221, 227 Throat, 306, 322, 323, 333, 336, 338, 345 Tibet, 3 n., 280 Ṭīkā, 12 n., 17, 37, 40, 94, 109, 127, 129, 150 Tilla, 7, 21, 26, 27 n., 34, 38, 46, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 71, 83, 84, 86, 98, 100 ff., 129, 142 n., 143, 150, 185, 201, 207, 229, 251 Tīrtha, 109 Tomb (see Samādhi), 9, 36, 40, 66, 94, 95 Trance (see Samādhi), 43 Trident (Triśul), 11, 15, 20, 22, 44, 54, 55, 78, 81 n., 84, 85, 87, 88, 94, 96 f., 102, 104, 112, 113, 114, 121, 123, 129, 154, 224, 247 Trimbak, 70, 78, 121, 138, 160 Tripuṇḍ, 16, 17 Trunk, 305, 306 Tulsipur, 17 n., 35, 36, 38, 47, 83, 96 Turban, 19, 20, 30, 60, 193 n., 212 Turmeric, 18 n., 42, 51
c25.37
Tweezers, 22 Twelve, 30, 35, 66, 68, 82, 100, 102, 122
c25.38
UDĀIPUR, 122, 123 Uḍḍiyāna, 295, 299, 315, 336, 336, 337 Uderolāl, 64, 65 Ujjāin, 35, 65, 121, 244 United Province, 34, 45, 52, 58, 67, 78, 82, 86, 89, 90, 106 Upaniṣads, 156, 176, 209, 213, 216, 256 n., 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 270, 272, 281, 306, 314 Ūrdhvabāhu, 3 n.
c25.39
VAGRANT, 4, 35 Vairāgya, 266 Vaiṣṇavite, 49 n., 88, 105, 113, 150, 179, 203, 351 Vaiśya, 52, 323 n. Vajroli, 333, 335, 336, 341 Vajra, 32 Vajrayāna, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 351, 355 Vāmacāra, 15, 106, 169, 170, 171, 172, 323, 355 Vāmārga, 69 Varṇa-dharma, 264 Vāyu, 306, 331, 337 Veda, 15, 52 Vedānta, 270, 281 Vermin, 3, 16 Vibhūtis, 259, 270 Vijñāna, 277, 279 Vikramāditya, 244 Vīra, 282f. Viṣṇu, 15, 53, 71, 75, 90, 113, 130, 143, 150, 156f., 162, 167, 176, 199, 228, 267, 305, 312, 342, 354 Viśuddha, 310, 314, 319, 332 Vow, 27, 28, 31, 44-61, 126, 207, 260 Vrātya, 212 f. Vyāna, 306
c25.40
WALLET (bag), 21, 22, 29, 40, 41 Water, 2, 25, 32, 33, 40, 42, 50, 53 65, 81, 95, 97, 130, 131, 136, 139, 143, 204, 311, 312, 328, 338, 344, 345 Water-bottle, 249 Water-pipe, 20 Weapon, 22, 28 Weavers, 23 Weddings, 52, 55 Whistle (see *Singnād*), 11, 12, 30, 58 Widow, 5, 10, 42, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 107 Witchcraft, 49, 55 Women (also Married), 1, 10, 24, 27, 34, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52, 55, 57, 98, 107, 121 Wood, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21 Wool (Black Wool), 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 23, 40, 48, 54 World, 14, 15, 16, 17, 29 Worship, 12, 22, 37 Wrist, 14 Wound, 32
c25.41
*YAJUR-VEDA*, 156, 175 Yak-tail, 21, 81, 96 Yama, 265, 266, 268 *Yantra*, 175, 176, 177, 178, 307, 310, 346 Yellow robe, 18, 123 Yoga, 3, 4, 9, 23, 36, 39, 48, 60, 74, 76, 91 n., 105, 126, 128, 137, 150, 175, 176, 198, 200, 212, 216, 220, 222, 225, 226, 229, 231, 238, 251, 255, 257, 258, 283, 285, 288, 295, 307, 308, 319, 320, 322, 323, 326, 327, 332, 333, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 346, 347, 348, 351, 352, 354 Yogī (s), 1-25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91 n., 93, 94, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 160, 162, 170, 172, 175, 178, 179, 184, 185, 188, 190, 194, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207, 210, 217, 218, 223, 224, 227, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 243, 246, 248, 250, 251, 256, 258, 259, 260, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 277, 278, 305, 307, 314, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326 Yoginī, 10, 48 *Yoni*, 167, 172, 177, 288, 310, 311, 335 *Yoni-liṅga*, 17, 40, 80, 81, 85, 93, 109, 115, 154 *Yonimudrā*, 298, 336 *Yonisthāna*, 288, 298, 335, 373 Yuga, 228 f.
c25.42
*Z*AHIR Pīr, 25 Zodiac, 14 n. Zoroastrian, 108 the Roman world, and the most important events of the reign of Antoninus Pius, are related by his biographer, and the reader will not be sorry to find them here in a more concise form. The reign of Antoninus Pius is marked by the rare advantage of furnishing very few materials for history; which is only another mode of saying that its happiness was complete. During the twenty-three years of his administration, the Roman empire was governed by the same invariable maxims of justice and peace. The natives of a vast extent of country were protected by the same laws, and enjoyed the same privileges. The frontiers were defended by the same legions, and the same spirit of moderation and equity prevailed in the councils of the emperor. The death of Antoninus was lamented as a public calamity; and the memory of his virtues was preserved by the gratitude of his subjects, and the imitation of his successor.
c25.43
The reign of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, which followed, was a period of great activity and of great events. The empire was attacked on all sides by the barbarians, and the emperor was obliged to spend the greater part of his life in the camp. He was a man of a mild and philosophical temper, and he would have preferred the quiet of the study to the tumult of the field. But he was a prince of a high sense of duty, and he did not shrink from the task which was imposed upon him. He defended the frontiers with vigour, and he defeated the enemies of Rome in many a hard-fought battle. His death was a loss to the empire, and it was felt by all classes of his subjects. He was the last of the good emperors, and with him the golden age of the Roman empire may be said to have terminated.
c25.44
The character of the Roman government, under the Antonines, was that of a mild and paternal despotism. The emperor was the source of all power, and his will was the law of the land. But he was restrained by the influence of the senate, and by the force of public opinion. The senate was still a body of great dignity and importance, and its members were the principal officers of the state. The emperor was careful to consult them on all matters of importance, and he was always ready to listen to their advice. The public opinion was also a powerful check upon the actions of the emperor. The people of Rome were still a proud and independent race, and they were not afraid to express their dissatisfaction with the measures of the government. The emperor was aware of this, and he was always careful to avoid any act that would be likely to give offence to the people.
c25.45
The administration of justice was one of the most important duties of the emperor. He was the supreme judge of the empire, and he was always ready to hear the complaints of his subjects. He was assisted by a council of jurists, who were the most learned men of the age. The laws were administered with impartiality, and the rights of the citizens were protected. The taxes were moderate, and they were collected with fairness. The public works were carried on with vigour, and the cities of the empire were adorned with magnificent buildings. The trade and commerce of the empire were encouraged, and the people were prosperous and happy. The Roman empire, under the Antonines, was a model of good government, and it was the envy of the world.