The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature c14: Index
The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature c14
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Index
c14.1
*Abhidharma-koça*, 71, 72, 78 *Abhijñās* (Super-knowledges), 1, 106 ff. *Açubha-bhāvanā*, 93 *Açvaghoṣa*, 82, 87, 90, 128, 147 *Ahiṃsā*, 199 *Akuçala-mūlāni* (Roots of Evil), three, 194 Altruism and Egoism, 179 Anesaki, M., 58, 97, 222 *Animitta-samādhi*, 234 *Anuçayas* (evil proclivities), 155 *Anutpattika-dharma-kṣānti*, 213 Apollo, birth of, 298 *Arhat*: his attributes, 1-2; distinguished from the *bodhisattva*, 15 ff. Arians, the, 28 Aristotle, 164, 220, 300 *Artha-caryā* (altruistic service), 254 *Artha-pratisamvid*, 264 *Aryaçūra*, 96, 138, 178 *Ārya-satyāni* (Noble Truths), four, 155 ff.; their twelve *parivartas*, 158 *Asaṅkhyeya*, 77 *Āsravas* (*āsavas*: sins and errors), the *arhat* is free from, 3; distinguished from *kleças*, 109; knowledge of their destruction, 116; meaning of the term, 116 ff. *Aṣṭāṅga-mārga* (the eightfold Way), 160 ff. *Aṣṭa-sāhasrikā Prajñā-pāramitā*, 65, 237, 310 *Asuras*, 68 Athanasius, 28 *Atharva-veda*, 267, 295 *Ātman*, doctrine of, 69, 72, 73
c14.2
*Avadāna-çataka*, 15, 65, 183, 186, 190 *Avalokiteçvara*: meaning of his name, 47; a solar deity, 48; his deeds of mercy, 49; his apotheosis, 46, 49 *Aveṇika-dharmas* (special attributes), 21 ff. *Avidyā* (Ignorance), as an *āsrava*, 133; as a *nidāna*, 239 *Avyākṛta-vastūni* (unexplained subjects), 133 *Āyatanas*, 122, 241
c14.3
*Balāni* (Powers): a Buddha’s ten Powers, 20; five *balas*, 144; a *bodhisattva’s* ten *balas*, 148 Beckh, H., 235, 243 *Bhakti*: its origin in Buddhism, 31; influence of Hindu sects, 36; idea of Confession, 56 *Bhūmi*, meaning of, 270 *Bhūmis*, seven and ten, 271; in the *Mtu.*, 273; in the *Pr. Pā. Ҫata*, 275; in the *Bo. Bhū.*, 278; in the *Da.-Bhū.*, 283 *Bodhi*: meaning of the word, 18; is distinguished from *nirvāṇa*, 11; its characteristics, 19 *Bodhi-cary-āvatāra*, 57, 88, 192 *Bodhi-citta* (Thought of Enlightenment), 58, 62 *Bodhi-citt-otpāda*, 58 ff.; its necessity, 60; its causes and occasions, 62 *Bodhi-pakṣyā dharmāḥ*, 80 ff. *Bodhisattva*: meaning of the word, 4 ff.; is distinct from the arhats and *pratyeka-buddhas*, 9 ff.; rejects *nirvāṇa*, 14; his Discipline and Career, 75; his great Compassion, 178; his Transfer of Merit, 188; he is not afraid of Pain, 159; is always active, 220; his last existence on earth, 292 ff.; as a Superman, 299 ff.; his thirty-two marks, 300; his struggle with *Māra*, 306 ff.
c14.4
*Bodhisattva-bhūmi*, 14, 50, 61, 81, 90, 113, 166, 203, 254
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*Bodhi-tree*, 314
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*Bodhy-aṅgas* (Factors of Enlightenment), seven, 149 ff.; compared to a monarch’s *ratnas*, 154
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Body, the, its arraignment and appreciation, 92 ff.
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*Brahma-vihāras* (Sublime States), four, 225 ff.
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Buddhahood, its theory developed, 24 ff.
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Buddhas, the, their attributes: they are innumerable, 24; they are immortal, 25; their *kṣetras*, 25; they are super-human, 26; their *rūpa-kāya* and *dharma-kāya*, 25; their *karuṇā*, 24; miracles at their birth, 297
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Burnouf, E., 136, 165, 300
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*Caiva* sect, 37
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*Śāntideva*, 57, 67, 77, 87, 99
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Carpenter, J. E., 43, 192
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*Caryā*, fourfold, 75
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*Śatapatha-Brāhmaṇa*, 68
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*Śata-sāhasrikā Prajñā-pāramitā*, 16, 21, 94
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Celibacy in Buddhism, 132, 222
c14.19
*Cetaḥ-khilāni* (Mental obstructions), five, 144
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*Cetanā* (Will), 71
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Christian ascetics, 139
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Christianity, influence of, 40 ff.
c14.23
*Cikṣā-padāni* (Precepts), five, 198
c14.24
*Śīla* (Morality), as a *pāramitā*, 193 ff.; its importance, 194; its basic principles, 195; its relation to *saṃvara* (self-control), 196; the ten Precepts or Ways of Action, 197 ff.; motives for moral conduct, 204; casuistry in Buddhist ethics, 207; stories, 208
c14.25
*Citta* (Thought) as a *smṛty-upasthāna*, 98
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*Civi*, story of, 183
c14.27
Clement of Alexandria, 41
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Comte, Auguste, 244
c14.29
Confession, 56
c14.30
Corpse, nine conditions of, 94
c14.31
Cosmology, Buddhist, 231 ff.; the eighteen heavens, 232; three *dhātus* (spheres), 231
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*Craddhā* (Faith), importance and advantages of, 145 ff.
c14.33
Crow, parable of the, 132
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*Śūnyatā* (Emptiness), 237 ff.; as conditioned Existence, 238; as Non-existence, 244; classified, 246; applied to the Perfections, 247
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Cynics, the, 139
c14.36
*Daça-bhūmika-sūtra*, 66, 228, 283
c14.37
*Dāna* (Giving), as a *pāramitā*, 172 ff.; developed by the Mahāyānists, 172; classified, 173; recipients of, 174; methods of, 176; motives of, 177; reward of, 177; stories, 181 ff.
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Dante’s Inferno, 205
c14.39
Death, fear of, 60
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*Dhanāni* (Treasures), seven, 145
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*Dhāraṇīs* (Protective spells), 267 ff.
c14.42
*Dharmākara*, his vow, 65
c14.43
*Dharma-kāya* (Cosmic Body), 19, 27, 192
c14.44
*Dharma-pratisamvid*, 263 *Dharma-pravicaya*, as a *bodhy-anga* (Factor of Enlightenment), 150; twelve divisions of Buddhist religious literature, 151 *Dharma-smṛty-upasthāna*, 99 *Dhūta-guṇas* (ascetic practices), 134 *Dhyāna-pāramitā*, 221 ff. *Dhyānas* (Processes of Musing), four, 230 *Divya-cakṣus* (supernal organ of sight), 110 *Divya-śrotra* (supernal organ of hearing), 111 *Divy-avadāna*, 59, 129, 231 *Dṛṣṭi* (*āsrava*), metaphysical speculation condemned, 133 *Duḥkha* (Pain), 157; it is universal, 158; its relation to altruism, 159; analysed, 158
c14.45
Earthquakes, six, 298 Education of a *bodhisattva*, 218 Elephant, six-tusked, 295 Enlightenment, a *bodhisattva’s*, 316
c14.46
Feer, L., 64, 97 Forest-life, love of, 225 Francis, St., 92 Franciscans, the, 29 Franke, R. O., 70, 97
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Gandhāra art, 39 Garbe, R., 41, 235 *Gatis*, five or six, 68 Gautama Buddha, his miracles, 28; as a *bodhisattva*, 43; his prediction about Çāriputra, 67; his second sermon, 72; identified with Viçvantara, 73; his utterance with regard to *kalpas*, 77; his words on *çraddhā*, 146; his first sermon, 157; his *vīrya*, 217; his birth, 297; his
c14.48
Renunciation, 306; his victory over Māra, 306 ff.; his Enlightenment, 316 Gnostics, the, 41 *Gotra*, 51 ff. Greek Art, 39
c14.49
Hare, the self-immolating, 186 Hartmann, C. R. E. von, 240 Hīnayāna, its ideal of *arhatship*, 1 ff.; its four Stages, 14; emphasises *maitrī*, 228; its three *vihāras*, 270; avoided by a *bodhisattva*, 276; *bhūmis* of, 271 *Hrī* (Shame), as an ethical principle, 206
c14.50
Impurity, meditation on, 93 *Indriyas* as controlling Principles, five, 141.
c14.51
*Jainas*, the, their *açuci-bhāvanā*, 95; their doctrine of *tapas*, 138; their technical term, *āsrava*, 118, 164, 168 Jimūtavāhana, story of, 184
c14.52
*Kalyāṇa-mitra* (a good friend), importance of, 63 *Kāmas* (pleasures, sense-desire), condemned, 121 ff. *Kāraṇḍa-vyūha*, 48 *Karma*: creates the body, 93; cannot be destroyed, 190; is personal, 191; may be shared, 191 *Karuṇā*: a Buddha’s, 24; produces the Thought of Enlightenment, 61; prompts a *bodhisattva’s* self-sacrifice, 178; is the quintessence of religion, 179; its two aspects, 179; its relation to Egoism and Altruism, 180; is innate in all creatures, 181 *Karuṇā-puṇḍarīka*, 90, 257 *Kaṣāyas*, 61 *Kathā-vatthu*, 24, 43 *Kāya-smṛty-upasthāna*, 91 ff. Keith, A. B., 70, 191, 209 Kern, H., 31, 137, 144, 315 Kimura, S., 30 *Kleças* (sins), 109 *Kṛtsnāyatanas*, the, 229 *Kṣaṇa-sampad*, 60 *Kṣānti* (Forbearance), as a *pāramitā*, 209 ff.; its three aspects, 210; arguments for, 211; stories of, 213 ff. *Kṣāntivādin*, story of, 215 *Kṣemendra*, 66, 96, 223, etc. *Kuçala-karma-pathāḥ*, 197 ff. *Kuçala-mūlāni*, 61 *Kuṇāla*, story of, 214
c14.53
*Lalita-vistara*, 65, 81, 92, 96, 157, 317, etc. *Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra*, 200, 233 Lévi, S., 149, 240
c14.54
Magi, the, 39, 48 *Mahābhārata*, the, 296 *Mahā-kalpa*, 79 *Maitrī* (Friendliness), as a *brahma-vihāra*, 228 *Mañjuçrī*, 45, 46 *Māra*, 64, 74; in the Pāli canon, 306; in Sanskrit literature, 308; his conflict with the *bodhisattva*, 310 ff.; his army, 313 *Māyā*, Queen, 294 ff. Megasthenes, 37, 38 *Milinda-pañha*, 72, 81, 138 *Muditā* (Sympathetic joy), as a *brahma-vihāra*, 228 Mysticism, Christian, 235
c14.55
Nāgārjuna, 133, 238 *Nairātmya* doctrine (phenomenalism), 72 ff. *Nāma-rūpa*, 240 *Nidānas* (causes), twelve, 1, 239 ff. *Nirukti-pratisamvid*, 265 *Nirvāṇa*: an *arhat’s* ideal, 3; a *bodhisattva* rejects, 14; consists in renunciation, 58 *Nivaraṇas* (Hindrances), 103, 121
c14.56
*Oghas* (floods), four, 134 Oldenberg, H., 242 Oltramare, P., 70, 97, 243
c14.57
Parable of the Burning House, 249 Parable of the Lost Son, 249 *Para-citta-jñāna*, 111 *Pāramitās* (Perfections), meaning of the word, 165; fulfilled by a Buddha, 68; ten *pāramitās* in Pāli, 167; six or ten *pāramitās* in the Mahāyāna, 168; enumerated, 168; their relation to the three *çikṣās*, 169; their general characteristics, 171; detailed discussion of the *pāramitās*, 172 ff. *Pariṇāmanā* (Transfer of Merit), 57, 188 ff. Persian religion, 38 Porphyry, 41 Poussin, L. de la Vallée, 31, 77, 97, 134, 166, 273 *Praçrabdhi* (tranquillity), 152 *Praṇidhāna* (Vow), 64 ff. *Pratibhāna-pratisamvid*, 265 *Prātihāryas* (miracles), 105 *Pratisamvids*, four, 259 ff. *Pratītya-samutpāda* (Formula of Dependent Origination), 239 ff.; its interpretation, 242 ff. *Pratyeka-buddha*, 3, 76 *Pretas*, 68, 89, 206
c14.58
Priti (pīti), Joy, as a bodhy-aṅga, 151 Puggala-paññatti, 3, 51 Punishment for sin, 205 Puṇya (Merit), 44, 148; transfer of, 188; power of, 189; example of pariṇāmanā, 192 Purgatories (hells), hot and cold, 205 Pūrṇa, story of, 213 Pūrva-nivās-ānusmṛti-jñāna (knowledge of former lives), 111
c14.59
Rāmāyaṇa, the, 132, 224, 305, 312 Ṛddhi (wonder-working Power), 112 ff.; two kinds of, 113; its object, 115; how used, 116 Ṛddhi-pādas (Bases of wonder-working Power), 104 ff. Rebirth, doctrine of, 68 ff.; memory of former existences, 111 Ṛgveda, 18, 298, 315 Rhys Davids, C. A. F., 110, 226, 231, 235 Rhys Davids, T. W., 240, 241, and passim Rukmavatī, story of, 184 Rūpa-kāya (physical body), 27
c14.60
Saddhā (Faith), 32 Sad-dharma-puṇḍarīka, 12, 14, 81 Saint-worship in Islam and Christianity, 35 Samādhi (mode of Concentration), as a bodhy-aṅga, 153 Samādhi-rāja-sūtra, 6, 138, 177, 247 Samān-ārthatā, 255 ff. Samāpattis (Attainments), 230; lead to the non-material Sphere, 233 Sambhoga-kāya (Body of Bliss), 27 Sampads (Blessings), four, 145 Samprajanya, 88 Saṃskārāḥ, 69 ff., 240
c14.61
Saṃskṛta-dhātu, 4 Samyak-prahāṇas (Right Efforts), 101 ff. Saṃyojanāni (Fetters), 1, 15 Saṅgraha-vastūni (Means of Conversion), 251 ff. Sat-kāya-dṛṣṭi, 73 ff. Saundarananda-kāvya (story of Nanda and Sundarī), 129 ff. Senart, E., 31, 298, 304, 314 Skandhas, 69 ff. Smṛti (Mindfulness), 85 ff. Smṛty-upasthānāni, 82 ff. Soul (= vijñāna), 74 ff. Speech, pleasant, 253 Stoics, the, 154 Sukhāvatī-vyūha, 34, 65 Sutta-nipāta, 190, 307 Suzuki, D. T., 58, 64, 70, 192
c14.62
Tapas (austerities), 137 ff.; how introduced into Buddhism, 139 Tathāgata, meaning of the word, 12; his existence after death, 133 Tathatā (Reality), 19, 27 Thomas, E. J., 119, 221, 242, 303 Tigress, story of, 181 Time, question of, 76 Tree of bodhi (Enlightenment), 314 ff. Turtle, simile of the, 60
c14.63
Upāya-kauśalya (Wisdom in choice of means), 248 ff. Upekṣā (Upekkhā), equanimity, 153
c14.64
Vaçitās (a bodhisattva's ten Powers), 140 Vaiçāradyas (Grounds of Self-confidence), 20 Vasubandhu, 42, 71, 90, 98, 155, 169 Vedanā (feeling), 71, 89, 97, 241
c14.65
Vegetarianism, arguments for, 200 Viçvantara, story of, 187 *Vidyā-sthānāni*, 218 *Vijñāna*, 72 ff., 240 *Viparyāsas* (perversions), antidote to, 90 *Virya* (Energy), as a *bodhy-aṅga*, 151; as a *pāramitā*, 216 ff.; its three aspects, 218; stories of, 220 *Vyākaraṇa* (Prediction), 67 ff.
c14.66
Waddell, L. A., 242, 267 Walleser, M., 44
c14.67
War, condemnation of, 199 Windisch, E., 307 Winternitz, M., 31, 48 Women, their foibles, 224; as *bodhisattvas*, 223
c14.68
*Yānas* (Ways), three, 11 *Yogācāra* School, 45, 237 *Yogas* (four bonds), 134 Yoga system and *Yoga-sūtras*, 9, 45, 159, 164, 235
c14.69
Zend-avesta, 315 Zoroastrianism, 39, 233 the Roman world, and the most important events of the period, are the subject of the following chapters.
c14.70
The first of these events is the conversion of Constantine to Christianity. This is a subject which has been treated by many writers, and which has been the source of much controversy. It is not my intention to enter into the theological disputes which have arisen on this subject, but to consider the political and social consequences of the change. The conversion of the Emperor was a turning-point in the history of the world. It gave a new direction to the policy of the state, and a new character to the religion of the people. It was the beginning of a new era, in which the Church and the State were to be closely united, and in which the influence of the clergy was to be felt in every department of life.
c14.71
The second event is the foundation of Constantinople. This was a measure of great political sagacity. It was intended to secure the safety of the empire, and to provide a new centre for the administration of the government. It was also a means of promoting the commerce and industry of the East, and of strengthening the power of the Emperor. The new capital was to be the seat of the government, and the centre of the civilization of the world. It was to be a city of great beauty and magnificence, and a monument to the genius of its founder.
c14.72
The third event is the invasion of the barbarians. This was a period of great danger and distress for the Roman world. The barbarians were a constant threat to the security of the empire, and their incursions were a source of much suffering and loss. They were a people of great courage and energy, and their influence was to be felt in every part of the empire. They were to be the instruments of the destruction of the Roman power, and the founders of a new order of things.
c14.73
These three events are the main subjects of the following chapters. They are the key to the understanding of the history of the period, and they are the foundation of the narrative which I have undertaken to write. I shall endeavour to treat them with the impartiality which is required of a historian, and to present them in a clear and concise manner. I shall also endeavour to show the connection between these events, and to trace the influence which they had on the development of the Roman world.