[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Religion and philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion) › [Early Monastic Buddhism](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941) › v1.c19.s2.4 # Early Monastic Buddhism v1.c19.s2.4 Early Monastic Buddhism v1.c19.s2.4 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c19.s2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2.4) ii. After some time when the utterance of mere tisaraṇa formula was found inadequate, the system of ñatti-catuttha-kamma was introduced.⁶ The procedure was that an entrant, whose age must not be less than fifteen in case of \*pabbajjā\* and twenty in case of \*upasampadā\*, is to sit on his legs and ask for ordination in a set formulae (\*kammavācā\*)¹ before a chapter of at least ten fully ordained monks.² He must be presented to the chpater by his \*upajjhāya\*, or \*ācariya\*, a competent monk³ selected by him beforehand. He must also satisfy the monks present that he had complied with the preliminary conditions like taking parents' consent, shaving head and so forth. His intention to become a fully ordained monk is announced thrice (\*natti-catuttha\*) by the \*upajjhāya\* or \*ācariya\*. After the announcement, if there is none dissenting, the ordination is conferred. Immediately after the ordination the entrant is apprised of the four \*nissayas\*⁴ upon which he is to depend, viz., living on alms, using robes made out of rags, sleeping under trees, and taking urine and such other filthy things as medicine. These were however later on relaxed.⁵ - [Previous: v1.c19.s2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2.3) - [Next: v1.c19.s2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2.5) - [Up: v1.c19.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.dutt-1941.v1.c19.s2.4) · Pramāṇa