[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Religion and philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion) › [The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925) › v2.c40.s8.46 # The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads v2.c40.s8.46 The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads v2.c40.s8.46 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c40.s8.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8.46) Of more philosophical interest are efforts made to render more precise the functions of the senses. Thus the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad⁴ in the doctrine above cited, of eight graspers, or apprehenders (\*grahas\*), and eight that are beyond (\*ati\*) the graspers, gives as pairs Prāṇa and Apāna, the former being used to smell odours; speech and names; the tongue and tastes; the eye and visible forms (\*rūpa\*) (i. e. coloured extension); the ear and sounds; the mind and desires; the hands and action; and the skin and feelings of touch.⁵ In the Kauṣītaki⁶ we have speech and name as its external correlate; breath (i.e. smell) and odour; eye and visible form; the ear and sound; the tongue and tastes; the two hands and action; the body and pleasure and pain; the organ of generation and bliss, delight, and procreation; the two feet and movements; and the intellect and thoughts, what is to be understood, and desires. The Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa⁷ has a series of ten: mind and matters requiring examination (\*parīkṣya\*); speech (i. e. the tongue)⁸ and tastes; breath and odours; the eye and visible forms; the ear and sounds; - [Previous: v2.c40.s8.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8.45) - [Next: v2.c40.s8.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8.47) - [Up: v2.c40.s8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8) ## Cites (1) - [Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.brhadaranyaka.3.2.2) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.keith-1925.v2.c40.s8.46) · Pramāṇa