[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Religion and philosophy](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion) › [The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962) › c8.246 # The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c8.246 The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c8.246 - **Language:** English ### [c8.246](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8.246) §99. \*The Actions.\* In the passages above the word \*kamma\* signified the "action" in a metaphysical respect. We can (Viy. 768a) distinguish the beings as \*mahā-\* and \*appa-kammatarāga\* according to the more or less of Karman (and, equally, of influence —\*āsava\*— and sensation —\*veyaṇā\*). Thus (Viy. 228b) a freshly lit and a dying fiery body are called \*agaṇi-kāya\* according to their greater and smaller activities. So, where Viy. 767b compares action, sensation and annihilation on the different stages, we should, correspondingly, expect to find the word \*kamma\*, but what we find is \*kiriyā\*. This word is preferred when thinking of concrete actions even when abstract fundamentals are concerned. Such is the case with the \*samparāiyā\* and \*iriyāvahiyā kiriyā\* (Viy. 106a and elsewhere), and, moreover, with the statement (Viy. 79b) that an offence against the main commandments—by which offence however, we but have to understand the specialization of a general law—goes back to contact and to one’s own doing (\*pāṇivāeṇaṃ kiriyā... puṭṭhā kajjai, kaḍā k,\*) and follows a course (\*aṇupuvviṃ k.\*). It is also common opinion that an action even while being performed equals one completed.¹ This is stated immediately at the beginning by Viy. giving a selection of the most different kinds of activities (13b); we repeatedly come across it in the course of the book (86a, 582b, 706b), and it is even maintained against contradicting teachers (102b f., 379a). - [Previous: c8.245](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8.245) - [Next: c8.247](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8.247) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8) ## Cites (1) - [Viyāhapannatti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.jaina.sveta.anga.5.13) — Sudharman, Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8.246](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.religion.schubring-1962.c8.246) · Pramāṇa