[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979) › c9.2 # Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India c9.2 Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India c9.2 - **Language:** English ### [c9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c9.2) The infinitesimal calculus may be described as a mathematical method of calculating results produced by non-uniform continuous changes as occur in nature. The idea of such method first appeard in the works of Greek scholars like Antiphon ( 430 B. C. ), Eudoxus ( 370 B. C. ), Eudemus (335 B. C) and others. Nearest approach to infinitesimal calculus is first found in the work of Archimedes ( 225 B. C. ). A similar approach to calculus in the middle ages relating to idea of infinitesimal appears in the Indian works, \*Siddhānta-śiromaṇi\* of Bhāskara II ( 1150 A. D. ) and \*Yuktibhāṣā\* ( \*c.\* 1500 A. D. ). In Europe in the 17th century A.D. Kepler ( 1604 A. D. ) used the method in a rather primitive form and later in 1629 A.D. Cavaliery made a more clear statement of the idea while describing a method for the calculation of the area of a triangle. In the 17th century A. D., the Japanese scholar Seki Kowa ( 1642-1708 A. D.) deve'oped a form of calculus known as \*Yenri\* meaning ‘circle principle’ to calculate the area of a circle. The subject was finally developed in the modern form by Newton ( 1664 A. D. ) and Leibniz ( 1676 A. D. ). - [Previous: c8.s3.135](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c8.s3.135) - [Next: c9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c9.3) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c9) ## Cites (2) - [Yuktibhāṣā (Gaṇitayuktibhāṣā)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.kerala.golayukti.yuktibhasa) — Jyeṣṭhadeva 1520, Malayalam - [Siddhāntaśiromaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.siddhantasiromani) — Bhāskara II, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1979.c9.2) · Pramāṇa