[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997) › v1.c19.21 # History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c19.21 History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c19.21 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c19.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19.21) The sixty-fourth chapter of the Viṣṇudharmottara Purāṇa (450-650 A.D.), second khaṇḍa (vs. 19-42) is also entitled, “gandhayukti”. There are in all forty-six verses dealing with this topic. Though the term gandhayukti, as pointed out earlier, is used in the Buddhist works and also formed one of the sixty-four arts, it is for the first time in the history of perfumery in India that we learn about its actual process in this Purāṇa. This process consisted of eight phases, namely, śodhanam, purification, vāsanam, scenting with the perfumes of flowers, virecanam, process of cleansing, bhāvanā, saturation of powder in fluid, pākaḥ, ripening by decoction, bodhanam, revival of scents with certain reviving agents, dhūpanam, fumigating with perfumed vapours and vedhanam, further process of revival. These eight steps, called karmāṣṭakam, are, then, explained. This is followed by the technique of preparing different kinds of incenses, perfumed water for bath, scented oil, mukhavāsa and scented tooth-sticks (Shastri c. 1985, pp.220-221). - [Previous: v1.c19.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19.20) - [Next: v1.c19.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19.22) - [Up: v1.c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19) ## Linked texts (1) - [Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.vaisnava.visnudharmottara) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c19.21) · Pramāṇa