[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D.](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997) › v1.c5.50 # History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c5.50 History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c5.50 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c5.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5.50) | Fig | | Page | | 12. | Some of the iron objects excavated at Atranjikhera (~1000 + 200 B.C.) | 104 | | 13. | Some of the iron tools and objects found at Atranjikhera (~1000 + 200 B.C.) | 104 | | 14. | Iron Pillar at Delhi and its microstructure at the bottom of the pillar | 105 | | 15. | Dhar Iron Pillar broken into three pieces. The change from square to octagonal section at the top can be seen | 106 | | 16. | Iron beams (12 century A.D.) lying at the Sun temple of Konark | 107 | | 17. | Iron Pillar at Kondacheri | 108 | | 18. | Iron Trident (Triśūl) at Tanginath temple near Netarhat (M.P.) | 109 | | 19. | Iron smelting furnace found at Naikund (700 B.C.)- Sketch | 110 | | 20. | Reproduction of wall painting from a iron working site in Japan. This painting shows that Japanese craftmen also worshiped ‘Lord Asura’ as in India | 111 | | 21. | (a) Map of Central India showing the region in which ‘Agarias’ were active in the production of iron. (b) Agaria Tribe | 112 | | 22. | Iron smelting furnace from Salem showing the use of former made of reed to make the inner contour of the furnace | 113 | | 23. | Artists impression of the operation of iron smelting furnace using two men to operate a pair of ‘Bhāṭhī’ | 113 | | 24. | Primitive blast furnace of Nagpur region | 114 | | 25. | Photograph of the iron smelting furnace found at Lohārpārā in Bastar | 115 | | 26. | Line diagram of the Bastar furnace | 115 | | 27. | Line diagram of the twin shaft furnace from Malabar (as described by Buchnan). | 116 | | 28. | Iron smelting furnace having asymetrical shaft (as described by Mahamud | 117 | | 29. | Line diagram of the Iron smelting furnace reconstructed and operated at Bishnupur | 121 | | 30. | Photograph of a pair of ancient bellows made from hide | 122 | | 31. | Line diagram of ‘Aṅgār Koṣṭhi’ as described in Rasaratna Samuccaya | 125 | | 32. | Classification of Iron-Carbon alloys as described in Rasaratna Samuccaya | 126 | | 33. | Fe-C Equilibrium diagram showing the X and Y ranges of the Fe-C alloys produced in ancient times | 127 | | 34. | Watering structure seen on ‘Wootz’ steel swords | 131 | | 35. | Stem, leaf and flower of Cassia Auriculata (Avaram) | 133 | | 36. | Macrostructure of a Wootz Steel ingot | 134 | | 37. | Photograph of a Wootz Steel making crucible (from National Museum, Madras) | 134 | - [Previous: v1.c5.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5.49) - [Next: v1.c5.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5.51) - [Up: v1.c5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.bag-1997.v1.c5.50) · Pramāṇa