[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Minerals and Metals in Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996) › v2.c33.5 # Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c33.5 Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c33.5 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c33.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33.5) Pāṇini’s \*Aṣṭādhyāyī\* contains the etymological roots of many technical terms, evolved during the post-Vedic period, and refers to bellows, beryl and coins (chapter 4) which have been found during the archaeological excavations at Taxilā. Kautilīya \*Arthaśāstra\* describes the Mauryan political economy, the emergence of a large state, the increasing role of mines in the state economy, a large variety of gems constituting the elements of international trade and the diversity of alloys, coins and ornaments (chapter 5). - [Previous: v2.c33.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33.4) - [Next: v2.c33.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33.6) - [Up: v2.c33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33) ## Cites (2) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit - [Aṣṭādhyāyī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.astadhyayi-school.astadhyayi) — Pāṇini, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c33.5) · Pramāṇa