[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Minerals and Metals in Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996) › v2.c41.s12.3 # Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c41.s12.3 Minerals and Metals in Ancient India v2.c41.s12.3 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c41.s12.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s12.3) Similarly, length, area and volume or space (desa) were standardised (2.20.1-27). Time (kala) was standardised in terms of the solar shadow (of the gnomon), and for the night and a cloudy day, by the water-clock or nalika (1.7.8; 1.19.6). A nalika was defined as the time taken for one adhaka of water in a jar to flow through a hole of diameter equalling that of a four masaka weight gold wire having a length of four angulas (2.20.35). - [Previous: v2.c41.s12.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s12.2) - [Next: v2.c41.s13.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s13.1) - [Up: v2.c41.s12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s12) ## Linked texts (1) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya.1.7.8) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s12.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.biswas-1996.v2.c41.s12.3) · Pramāṇa