A Concise History of Science in India c3: Contents
A Concise History of Science in India c3
- Language
- English
Contents
c3.1
| | *Page* |
| PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . | v |
| ILLUSTRATIONS, TABLES AND PLATES . . . . | xiii |
| 1. A SURVEY OF SOURCE MATERIALS *by* S. N. SEN, *Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta* . . | 1 |
| Archaeological Sources . . . . . . . | 1 |
| The Vedic Literature . . . . . . . | 15 |
| The *Vedāṅgas*, the *Sūtras* and the Origin of Sanskrit Scientific Literature . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
| The Philosophical *Sūtras* and *Bhāṣyas* . . . . . | 27 |
| The *Arthaśāstra*, the *Nītiśāstra* and related Arts and Sciences | 32 |
| The Epics, the *Purāṇas*, the Poetics and the *Bṛhatsaṃhitā* . | 35 |
| Buddhist Literary Sources . . . . . . . | 38 |
| Jaina Literary Sources . . . . . . . | 42 |
| Persian and Arabic Sources . . . . . . | 45 |
| Special Sciences . . . . . . . . | 50 |
| 2. ASTRONOMY *by* S. N. SEN, *Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta* . . . . . . | 58 |
| Astronomical Knowledge as revealed in the *Saṃhitās*, *Brāhmaṇas* and *Sūtras* . . . . . . . | 60 |
| Late Vedic and Pre-Siddhāntic Astronomy, Jaina Astronomy | 78 |
| The Period of the Composition of the Astronomical *Siddhāntas*—the Five *Siddhāntas*, the *Sūrya-siddhānta*, the Astronomical Works and Commentaries of the Period . | 81 |
| Some Astronomical Topics in the *Siddhāntas* . . . . | 103 |
| Interrelationship between Indian, Greek, Chinese and Arabic Astronomy . . . . . . . . . | 130 |
| 3. MATHEMATICS *by* S. N. SEN, *Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta* . . . . . . | 136 |
| Metrology and Computations in Prehistoric Times . . | 137 |
c3.2
| | *Page* |
| Mathematical Knowledge as revealed in the *Saṃhitās*, the *Brāhmaṇas*, the *Vedāṅgas* and Related Literature | 138 |
| Jaina Mathematics | 157 |
| Mathematics of the Period Second to Eighteenth Century A.D. | 163 |
| Mathematical Contents of the Post-Vedic Period | 172 |
| Study of Arabic and Persian Mathematics in India | 204 |
| Interrelationship between Indian and Greek, Arabic and Chinese Mathematics and the part played by Indian Mathematics in European Renaissance | 209 |
| 4. MEDICINE *by* R. C. MAJUMDAR, *Historian, Ex-Vice-Chancellor, Dacca University* | 213 |
| *Āyurveda*: Origin and Antiquity | 213 |
| Indian Medicine in the Vedic Period | 216 |
| *Āyurveda*: The Special Treatises | 222 |
| *Āyurveda* and its Eight Classical Divisions: other Medical Systems of Ancient India | 227 |
| *Āyurveda*: Theories and Concepts | 235 |
| *Āyurveda*: Practice and Application | 245 |
| Veterinary Sciences | 254 |
| Spread of *Āyurveda* outside India | 257 |
| The *Āyurveda* in the Middle Age (A.D. 1200–1800) | 262 |
| Present Condition of *Āyurveda* | 266 |
| The *Unani Tibb* (Greek Medicine) in India *by* M. Z. SIDDIQI | 268 |
| 5. CHEMICAL PRACTICES AND ALCHEMY *by* B. V. SUBBARAYAPPA, *Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi* | 274 |
| Pre-Vedic Period (from prehistoric times to *c.* 1500 B.C.) | 275 |
| The Vedic Age | 283 |
| The Post-Vedic Period and the Classical Age | 290 |
| Alchemy | 309 |
| Chemical Technology in Medieval India | 338 |
| 6. AGRICULTURE *by* S. P. RAYCHAUDHURI, *formerly of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi*, LALLANJI GOPAL, *Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, and* B. V. SUBBARAYAPPA, *Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi* | 350 |
c3.3
The Post-Vedic Period . . . . . . 354
c3.4
Classical Age and Later . . . . . . . 357
c3.5
The Medieval Period . . . . . . 366
c3.6
7. BOTANY
c3.7
Prehistoric Period *by* K. A. CHOWDHURY, *Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh* . . . . . . 371
c3.8
The Vedic and Post-Vedic Period *by* A. K. GHOSH, *University of Calcutta, Calcutta*, and S. N. SEN, *Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta* . . . . 375
c3.9
Botany in the Medieval Period from Arabic and Persian Sources *by* K. A. CHOWDHURY, *Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh* . . . . . . . 392
c3.10
European Interest in Botanical Studies in India from Medieval Times *by* A. K. GHOSH, *University of Calcutta, Calcutta* . 400
c3.11
8. ZOOLOGY *by* J. L. BHADURI, *University of Calcutta (retired), Calcutta*, K. K. TIWARI, *Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta*, and BISWAMOY BISWAS, *Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta* . 403
c3.12
Prehistoric Period . . . . . . . 403
c3.13
Historical Period . . . . . . . 416
c3.14
Animals and Natural History in the Medieval Period . . 438
c3.15
Animals in *Saṅgam* Literature of the Tamil Country . . 442
c3.16
9. THE PHYSICAL WORLD: VIEWS AND CONCEPTS *by* B. V. SUBBARAYAPPA, *Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi* . . . . . . . 445
c3.17
Introduction . . . . . . . 445
c3.18
Universal Conceptions . . . . . . 453
c3.19
The Doctrine of Five Elements . . . . . 455
c3.20
Atomism . . . . . . . 461
c3.21
Attributes of Matter . . . . . . 470
c3.22
Motion . . . . . . . . 472
c3.23
*Ākāśa*, Space and Time . . . . . . 475
c3.24
Heat and Light . . . . . . . 478
c3.25
Sound . . . . . . . . 481
c3.26
| | *Page* |
| 10. WESTERN SCIENCE IN INDIA UP TO THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A.D. *by* B. V. SUBBARAYAPPA, *Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi* | 484 |
| Renaissance in Europe . | 486 |
| Western Science after the Renaissance . | 487 |
| European Traders and Missionaries in India . | 489 |
| Scientific Investigations and Institutions during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries . | 490 |
| Science and Scientific Organizations in the Nineteenth Century | 498 |
| 11. RÉSUMÉ *by* B. V. SUBBARAYAPPA, *Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi* | 568 |
| Pre- and Protohistoric Period | 570 |
| Vedic Period . | 572 |
| Post-Vedic Period . | 578 |
| Classical Age and Later up to *c.* 1200 A.D. | 584 |
| Medieval Period . | 593 |
| Western Science in India up to *c.* 1900 | 600 |
| Nineteenth Century | 601 |
| Chronological Table . | 606 |
| ABBREVIATIONS . | 616 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY . | 627 |
| INDEX . | 661 |