Bharatiya Jyotihshastra (History of Indian Astronomy), translated by R. V. Vaidya v2.c8: Preface
Bhāratīya Jyotiḥśāstra (History of Indian Astronomy), translated by R. V. Vaidya v2.c8
- Language
- English
Preface
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A treatise in Marathi “Bharatiya Jyotish Sastracha Prachin Ani Aryachin Itihas” by Sankar Balakrishna Dikshit, first published in the year 1896, is perhaps the only book on the history of the Indian Astronomy from ancient to modern times. Publication of an English translation of this monumental work was undertaken by the Meteorological Department of India in accordance with a recommendation by the late Professor M. N. Saha, D.Sc., F.R.S., Chairman of the Calendar Reform Committee. The first part of the English translation of this treatise, namely, “Bharatiya Jyotish Sastra, Part I” containing a history of Indian Astronomy in the Vedic and Vedanga period from ancient times upto 1000 B.C. was published by this department in 1968. The present volume contains an English translation of the remaining parts of the original treatise on the Siddhantic and the Modern periods.
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The translation of this treatise from Marathi to English was made by the late Professor R. V. Vaidya, a Marathi scholar and former Superintendent of Shree Jiwaji Observatory of Ujjain. He was also a member of the Calendar Reform Committee. This translation was also touched up by the late Professor P. C. Sen Gupta, a renowned Professor of Hindu Astronomy of the Calcutta University. The final editing of this volume has been made under the supervision of Shri A. Bandyopadhyay, Director, Positional Astronomy Centre of the Department at Calcutta. We expect this English translation of Dikshit’s excellent treatise will help scholars, both in India and abroad, to appreciate the remarkable achievement of Indian Astronomy during the ancient and medieval periods.
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India Meteorological Department, Mausam Bhavan, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003. 16 September, 1981 (25 Bhadra, 1903 S.E.)
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P. K. DAS, Director General of Meteorology.
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PART II
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History of Astronomy during the Siddhantic and Modern Periods
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PART TWO
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HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY IN JYOTIṢA SIDDHĀNTA PERIOD
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1. GAṆITA SKANDHA (MATHEMATICAL BRANCH)
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(A) : MADHYAMĀDHIKĀRA (ADHIKĀRA ON MEAN PLACES)
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Chapter I.—History of Astronomical Works and Computation of Mean Places of Planets etc. 1
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Foreword 2
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The Group of Five Ancient Siddhāntas 3
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Pitāmaha Siddhānta 6, 47
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Vasiṣṭha Siddhānta 6
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Different Versions of Vasiṣṭha and Romaka Siddhāntas 9
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Romaka Siddhānta . 13
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Measures of the Year According to Different Works on Astronomy 14
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Puliśa Siddhānta 20, 36
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Sūrya Siddhānta 25, 26, 39
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The Pauruṣa (Human) Authors of Astronomical Works Before Śaka 420 (Lāṭa, Siṃha, Pradyumna, Vijayanandi) 26
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The Five Modern Siddhāntas 27
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Apauruṣeya, i.e., Divine 27
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The Numbers of Revolutions and Other Elements Mentioned by All the Five Siddhāntas 28
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The Yuga System 29
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General Description 30
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The Dates of the Five Siddhāntas 36
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Sūrya Siddhānta 37
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Subject Matter and Date 38, 65
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Maya 38
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Ptolemy 39
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A Relation Between the Two Sūrya Siddhāntas 41
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Lāṭa 41
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When Held in Reverence 41
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Works Following Modern Sūrya Siddhānta 41
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Anantadeva (Śaka 1144) . . . . . . . . . . 123
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Ādityapratāp Siddhānta . . . . . . . . . . 123
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Vāvilāla Koccannā (Śaka 1220) . . . . . . . . . 123
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Grahasiddhi (Śaka 1238) . . . . . . . . . . 123
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Nārmada (About Śaka 1300) . . . . . . . . . . 125
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Padmanābha (About Śaka 1320) . . . . . . . . . 125
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Dāmodara (Śaka 1339) . . . . . . . . . . 125
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Makaranda (Śaka 1400) . . . . . . . . . . 127
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Keśava . . . . . 127, 194
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Keśava II (Śaka 1418) . . . . . . . . . . 128
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Observations . . . . . . . . . . . 129
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Gaṇeśa Daivajñya (Śaka 1442) . . . . . . . . . 130
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Grahalāghava . . . . . . . . . . . 132
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His Speciality . . . . . . . . . . . 133
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Planetary corrections . . . . . . . . . . 134
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Kalpadruma Karaṇa . . . . . . . . . . 139
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Lakṣmīdāsa (Śaka 1422) . . . . . . . . . . 139
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Jñānarāja (Śaka 1425) . . . . . . . . . . 140
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Sūrya (Birth Śaka 1430) . . . . . . . . . . 144
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Dhuṇḍhirāja . . . . . . . . . . . 146
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Ananta (About Śaka 1480) . . . . . . . . . . 147
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Raghunātha (Śaka 1484) . . . . . . . . . . 149
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Raghunātha (Śaka 1487) . . . . . . . . . . 149
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Kṛpārāma . . . . . 149
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Dinkara (Śaka 1500) . . . . . . . . . . 149
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Gaṅgādhara (Śaka 1508) . . . . . . . . . . 150
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Rāmabhaṭa (Śaka 1512) . . . . . . . . . . 151
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Śrīnātha (Śaka 1512) . . . . . . . . . . 151
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Viṣṇu (Śaka 1530) . . . . . . . . . . 151
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Mallāri (About Śaka 1524) . . . . . . . . . . 155
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Viśvanātha . . . . . 156
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Other Works and Authors Belonging to Periods Later Than Śaka 950 . . . 193
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Śrīpati . . . 193
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Keśava . . . 194
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Graha Siddhi by Mahādeva . . . 194
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Kāmadhenu Karaṇa by Mahādeva (Saka 1289) . . . 194
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Gaṅgādhara (Saka 1356) . . . 195
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Nṛsiṃha (Śaka 1480) . . . 195