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The Materia Medica of the Hindus, compiled from Sanskrit Medical Works c5.s15: Nat. Order. Convolvulaceæ

The Materia Medica of the Hindus, compiled from Sanskrit Medical Works c5.s15

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Nat. Order. Convolvulaceæ

Ipomœa Turpethum, R. Br.

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Syn.* Convolvulus Turpethum, *Roxb.

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Sans.* त्रिवृत्, *Trivrit*. त्रिपुटा, *Triputá*.

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Vern.* Teori, *Beng.* Nisoth, *Tarbud, Hind.

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Two varieties of *trivrit* are described by most writers, namely, *sveta* or white and *krishna* or black. The white variety is preferred for medicinal use as a moderate or mild cathartic. The black variety is said to be a powerful drastic and to cause vomiting, faintness and giddiness. *Trivrit* has been used as a purgative from time immemorial and is still used as such by native practitioners, alone, as well as in various combinations. In fact this medicine is the ordinary cathartic in use amongst natives, just as jalap is among Europeans. The usual mode of administering it is as follows. About two scruples of the root are rubbed into a pulp with water and taken with the addition of rock salt and ginger or sugar and black pepper.

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A compound powder called *Nárácha churna*,¹ is thus prepared. Take of *trivrit* root two tolás, long pepper two tolás, sugar eight tolás; powder and mix. About a scruple of the powder is recommended to be taken before meals in constipation with hard fæces.

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¹ नाराचचूर्णम् । खण्डपलं त्रिवृतासमसपकुल्या कर्षचूर्णितं श्लक्ष्णम् । प्राग्भोजनेच समधु विडालपदकं लिहेत्प्राज्ञः । एतद्वाढपुरीषे पित्ते कफेच विनियोज्यम् । सुखादुन्र्पयोग्योऽयं चूर्णोनाराचकोनाम्ना । भावप्रकाशः ।

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*Tumburádya churna*.² Take of the fruits of *Xanthoxylum hostile* (*tumburu*), rock, vit and sonchal salts, ajowan, *páchak* root, *yavakshára*, chebulic myrobalan, assafœtida and baberang seeds, one part each, *trivrit* three parts; powder the ingredients and mix. Dose, about a drachm with warm water, in painful dyspepsia with costiveness and flatulence.

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² तुम्बूर्याद्य चूर्णम् । तुम्बूरुणि त्रिलवणं यवानी पुष्कराह्वयम् यवक्षा- राभयाहिङ्गु विडङ्गानि समानिच । त्रिवृत्त्रिभागिकाज्ञेया श्लक्ष्ण चूर्णानि कारयेत् । पिबेदुष्णेन तोयेन यवक्षारेण वा पिबेत् । जयेत्सर्वाणि शूलानिगुल्मा ध्मानोदराणिच । शार्ङ्गधरः ।

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In anasarca supposed to be caused by deranged bile, a decoction of *trivrit*, *gulancha*, and the three myrobalans is recommended to be taken. Milk diet should be prescribed along with this medicine.³

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³ शोथघ्नः पित्तकृतेऽथशोथे त्रिवृद्गुची त्रिफलाकषायम् । चक्रदत्तः ।

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BATATAS PANICULATUS, Choisy. Syn. *Convolvulus paniculatus*, Roxb. Sans. विदारी, *Vidári*, भूमिकुष्माण्ड, *Bhumikushmáṇḍa*. Vern. *Bhui kumrá*, Beng, *Bilai kand*, Hind.

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THE large tuberous root of this handsome climber is considered tonic, alterative, aphrodisiac, demulcent and lactagogue. The powdered root-stock is given with wine, for the purpose of increasing the secretion of milk.¹ In the emaciation of children with debility and want of digestive power, the following diet is recommended. Take of *vidári*, wheat-flour and barley equal parts, and make into a confection with milk, clarified butter, sugar and honey.² Susruta gives several prescriptions for its use as an aphrodisiac. The simplest is as follows. Macerate the powder of the root in its own juice and administer with honey and clarified butter.³ *Vidári* enters into the composition of several diuretic and demulcent mixtures. The following is an illustration.

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¹ विदारीकन्दं सुरयापिबेद्वा स्तन्यवर्धनम् । चक्रदत्तः ।

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² यदातुदुर्बलो बालः खादन्नपि च वह्निमान् । विदारीकन्द गोधूमयवचूर्णैः घृतप्लुतम् । खादयेत्तदनुक्षीरं घृतं समधुशर्करम् । भावप्रकाशः ।

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³ चूर्ण विदार्याः सुकृतं स्वरसेनैवभावितम् । सर्पिःक्षीरयुतं लीढ्वाशतं गच्छेहराङ्गनाः । सुश्रुतः ।

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*Mutrakrichchhántaka rasa*.⁴ Take of *vidári*, fruits of *Tribulus terrestris*, (*gokshura*), liquorice root, and flowers of *Mesua ferrea* (*nágakesara*), equal parts and prepare a decoction with water. This decoction is given with the preparation of mercury called *rasasindura*, in scanty or acrid urine, to promote this secretion.

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⁴ मूत्रकृच्छ्रान्तकरसः । विदारीं गोक्षुरं यष्टी केशरञ्च समं पचेत् । तत्कषायं पिबेत् क्षौद्रै रसभस्मयुतं पुनः । मूत्रकृच्छ्रहरं ख्यातं सप्ताहात् पित्तसम्भवम् । रसेन्द्र सारसंग्रहः ।

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PHARBITIS NIL, Choisy. The seeds of this plant, called *káládáná* in the vernacular and now commonly used as a purgative all over India, were unknown to the ancient Hindus. There is no name for them in Sanskrit.

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ARGYREIA SPECIOSA, Sweet. Syn. Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb.

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Sans. वृद्धदारक, Vriddhadáraka. Vern. Bijtarká, Beng.

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THE root of this plant is regarded as alterative, tonic and useful in rheumatic affections, and diseases of the nervous system. As an alterative and nervine tonic it is prescribed in the following manner. The powdered root is soaked, seven times during seven days, in the juice of the tubers of Asparagus racemosus (satamuli) and dried. The resulting powder is given in doses of a quarter to half a tolá, with clarified butter, for about a month. It is said to improve the intellect, strengthen the body and prevent the effects of age.¹ In synovitis the powdered root is given with milk.²

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¹ वृद्धदारकमूलानि श्लक्ष्णचूर्णानि कारयेत्। शतावर्या रसेनैव सप्तरात्राणि भावयेत्। अक्षमात्रन्तु तच्चूर्ण सर्पिषा सह भोजयेत्। मासमात्रोपयोगेन मतिमान् जायते नरः। मेधावी स्मृतिमांश्चैव वलिपलितवर्जितः। चक्रदत्तः।

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² गुग्गुलुं क्रोष्टुशीर्षे तु गुडूचीत्रिफलाम्भसा। क्षीरैरण्डतैलं वा पिबेद्-वृद्धदारकम्। भावप्रकाशः।

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Ajamodádi churna.³ Take of ajowán, báberang, rock salt, plumbago root, Cedrus deodara, long pepper root, long pepper, black pepper and dill seeds each two tolsá, chebulic myrobalan ten tolás, root of Argyreia speciosa twenty tolás, ginger twenty tolás ; powder and mix. Dose, about two drachms with treacle. This preparation is said to be useful in rheumatic affections and hemiplegia.

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³ अजमोदादं चूर्णम्। अजमोदाविडङ्गानि सैन्धवं देवदारु च। चित्रकं पिप्पलीमूलं शतपुष्पा च पिप्पली। मरिचञ्चेति कर्षाभं प्रत्येकं कारयेद्बुधः। कर्षास्तु पञ्चपथ्याया दश स्युर्वृद्धदारकात्। नागराच्चद्वयस्त्वेषुः सर्वाण्ये कत्र चूर्णयेत्। पिबेत्कोष्णजलेनैव चूर्णञ्च गुडसम्मितम्। भक्षयेदथवा सम्यक् परं श्वयथुनाशनम्। आमवातरुजं हन्तिसार्द्धपीडाञ्च गृध्रसीम्। कटिपृष्ठगस्थाञ्च जङ्घयोश्च रुजां जयेत्। तूनों प्रतूनीविश्वचीकफवातामयान् जयेत्। शार्ङ्गधरः।

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