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The Materia Medica of the Hindus, compiled from Sanskrit Medical Works c5.s20.t1: Croton Tiglium, Linn.

The Materia Medica of the Hindus, compiled from Sanskrit Medical Works c5.s20.t1

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Croton Tiglium, Linn.

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*Sans.* जयपाल, *Jayapála*. कनकफल, *Kanakaphala* *Vern.* Jaypál, *Beng.* Jamálgotá, *Hind.*

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The seeds of *Croton Tiglium* are considered heating, drastic, and useful in fever, constipation, intestinal worms, enlargements of the abdominal viscera, ascites, anasarca, etc. They are boiled in milk and their outer skin and embryo are removed before being used internally. Croton oil is not mentioned by any Sanskrit writer and was unknown to the ancient Hindus. Croton seeds enter into the composition of a great many medicines for the diseases mentioned above. The following are a few illustrations.

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*Ichchhávedivaṭiká*.² Take of mercury, sulphur, borax and black pepper, one part each, ginger three parts, croton seeds nine parts; rub them together with water and make into two-grain pills. These are given in fever with constipation as also in ascites and anasarca.

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² इच्छाभेदोरसः । शुद्धं पारदटङ्कणं समरिचं तुल्यांशमन्धा तथा विश्वाच्च त्रिगुणा ततो नवगुणं जैपालचूर्ण क्षिपेत् । गुञ्जैकमितो रसो हिमजलैः संसेविते रेचयेदावन्नोष्णजलं पिबेदपिनरः पथ्यञ्चदध्यौदनं । रसेन्द्रसारसंग्रहः

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*Rukkesa rasa*.³ Take of chebulic myrobalan five parts, croton seeds one part, soak them in the milky juice of *Euphorbia neriifolia* (*snuhi*), and make into four-grain pills. These are given with a decoction of the root of *Ipomœa Turpethum* (*trivrit*), or *Baliospermum montanum* (*danti*), as a drastic purgative in obstinate constipation.

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³ रुक्गेोरसः । अभयाचूर्णमादाय नूतनैर्जयपालजैः । पञ्चमांसेन मिलितैः सुहृद्घृतविपाचितम् । गुडिकास्तस्य कर्त्तव्या बत्तूलासणकप्रभाः । विष्ट- म्भेगुडिकादेया चोदरदारुणान्तके ।। रसेन्द्रसारसंग्रहः ।

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*Mahánárácha rasa*.¹ Take chebulic myrobalan, pulp of *Cassia Fistula*, emblic myrobalan, root of *Baliospermum montanum* (*danti*), *Picrorrhiza Kurroa* (*tiktá*), milky juice of *Euphorbia neriifolia* (*snuhi*), root of *Ipomœa Turpethum* (*trivrit*) and the tubers of *Cyperus rotundus* (*mustaka*), each one tolá; pound them to a coarse powder and boil in four seers of water till the latter is reduced to one-eighth. Then take a tola of husked croton seeds, tie them in a piece of thin cloth and boil them in the above mentioned decoction till the latter is reduced to the consistence of a fluid extract. To this extract add a powder composed of eight parts of purified croton seeds, three parts of ginger and two of black pepper, mercury and sulphur, in quantity sufficient to make a pill-mass; rub them together for twelve hours, and make into two-grain pills. These are given with cold water in tympanitis, colic, ascites, etc., as a drastic purgative. After the operation of this medicine, rice should be given with curdled milk and sugar.

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¹ मह्नानाराच रसः। अभयारग्वध धात्री दन्ती तिक्ता स्नुही त्रिवृत मुस्ता-प्रत्येकमेतानि पलमात्रया। तानि सङ्कुच्य सर्वाणि जलाढकयुगे पचेत्। तत्र तोयेऽष्टमं भागं कषायमवशेषयेत्। निस्वकजैपालबीजानि नवानि पलमात्रया। तनुवस्त्रधृतायेव तस्मिन् काये शनैः पचेत्। ज्वालयेदनलं मन्दं यावत् काथो घनो भवेत्। ततः खल्ले क्षिपेद्भागानष्टौ जैपालबीजतः। भागान् त्रीन् नागरात् द्वौ च মরিचाद्द्वौ च पारदात्। गन्धकाद्द्वौ च तानीह यावद्यामं

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BALIOSPERMUM MONTANUM, *Mull.* *Sans.* दन्ती, *Danti*. *Vern.* *Danti*, *Hind.* *Beng.*

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THE seeds of *Baliospermum montanum* are described as drastic. Like croton seeds they are boiled in milk before use. The root of the plant is considered cathartic. Both are much used in diseases where purgatives are indicated. The following are a few examples of prescriptions containing these medicines.

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1 मह्नानाराच रसः। अभयारग्वध धात्री दन्ती तिक्ता स्नुही त्रिवृत मुस्ता-प्रत्येकमेतानि पलमात्रया। तानि सङ्कुच्य सर्वाणि जलाढकयुगे पचेत्। तत्र तोयेऽष्टमं भागं कषायमवशेषयेत्। निस्वकजैपालबीजानि नवानि पलमात्रया। तनुवस्त्रधृतायेव तस्मिन् काये शनैः पचेत्। ज्वालयेदनलं मन्दं यावत् काथो घनो भवेत्। ततः खल्ले क्षिपेद्भागानष्टौ जैपालबीजतः। भागान् त्रीन् नागरात् द्वौ च মরিचाद्द्वौ च पारदात्। गन्धकाद्द्वौ च तानीह यावद्यामं

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*Nárácha rasa.*¹ Take of mercury, borax and black pepper, one part each, sulphur, ginger and long pepper two parts each, seeds of Baliospermum montanum nine parts ; powder the ingredients and make into two-grain pills with water. These are given in constipation and tympanites.

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¹ नाराचरसः । सूतएतङ्कणतुल्यं मरिचं समतुल्यकम् । गन्धकं पिप्पली शुण्ठी द्वौ द्वौ भागौ विचूर्णयेत् । सर्वतुल्यं क्षिपेद्दन्ती बीजन्तुषितमभवेत् । गुञ्जाकं रेचनं सिद्धनाराचोयं महारसः । आध्मानमलविष्टम्भमुदावर्त्तञ्च नाशयेत् ।

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*Danti haritaki.*² Take twenty-five large chebulic myrobalans and enclose them in a piece of cloth ; then take of the roots of Baliospermum montanum and Ipomœa Turpethum (*trivrit*), each two hundred tolás, water sixty-four seers, boil them together till the water is reduced to eight seers. Strain the decoction, take out the chebulic myrobalans and fry them in thirty-two tolas of sesamum oil. To the strained decoction add two hundred tolás of old treacle; then boil till reduced to the proper consistence for a confection. Now add to the mass the following substances, namely powdered root of Ipomœa Turpethum (*trivrit*) thirty-two tolás, long pepper and ginger, each eight tolás, and stir them well ; when cool add thirty-two tolás of honey, cinnamon, cardamom, leaves called *tejapatra*, and the flowers of Mesua ferrea (*nágakesara*) each

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² दन्तीहरीतकी । जलद्रोणे विपक्तव्या विंशतिः पञ्च चाभयाः । दन्त्याः पलानि तावन्ति चित्रकस्य तथैव च । तेनाष्टभागशेषेण पचेहनीसं गुडम् । ताश्चाभया त्रिवृच्चूर्णात्तैलाच्चापि चतुःपलम् । पलमेकं कणाशुण्ठ्योः सिद्धे लेहे च शीतले । क्षौद्रं तैलसमं दद्यात्तुर्जातपलन्तथा । ततो लेहपलं लीढ्वा जग्धाचैकां हरीतकीम् । सुखं विरिच्यते स्निग्धो दोषप्रस्थमनामयः । प्लीहञ्च यथुगुल्माख्यौ हृत्पाण्डुग्रहणीगदाः । शाम्यन्तप्रतक्लेशविषमज्वरकुष्ठान्यरो-

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विमर्द्धयेत् । रसो नाराचनामायं भक्षितो रसिकामितः । जलेन शीतलेनैव रोगनेतान् विनाशयेत् । आध्मानं शूलमानाहं प्रत्याध्मानं तथैव च । उदावर्त्तं तथा गुल्ममुदरानि हरत्यसौ । वेगेऽन्ते तु भुञ्जीत शर्करासहितं दधि । ततस्तत् सैन्धवेनापि ततो दध्योदनं सनाक् ।
भावप्रकाशः ।

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शार्ङ्गधरः :

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चकाः ।

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eight tolás, and prepare a confection. The chebulic myrobalans should be kept imbedded in the medicine. Two tolás of the confection and one of the chebulic myrobalans are to be taken every morning.

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Guḍáshṭaka.¹ Take of danti, trivrit and plumbago roots, black pepper, long pepper, ginger and long pepper root, equal parts in fine powder; treacle, equal in weight to all the other ingredients and mix. Dose, about a tola every morning in flatulence and retained secretions, anasarca, jaundice, etc.

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¹ गुडाष्टकम् । व्योषं दन्ती त्रिवृच्चित्रं कृष्णामूलं विचूर्णितम् । तच्चूर्ण गुडसम्मिश्रं भक्षयेत् प्रातरुत्थितः । एतद्गुडाष्टकं नाम बलवर्णाग्निवर्द्धनम् । शोथोदावर्त्त शूलघ्नं प्लीहपाण्ड्वामयापहम् । सर्व्वचूर्णसमोगुडो देयः । भावप्रकाशः ।

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