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Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c7.s6: C. The System of Vāgbhaṭa I

Studies in the Medicine of Ancient India, Part I: Osteology, or the Bones of the Human Body c7.s6

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C. The System of Vāgbhaṭa I

§ 93. The Osteological System of Vāgbhaṭa I

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1. The statement of the osteological system of Vāgbhaṭa I, extracted from the Aṣṭāṅga Saṁgraha (Bombay edition, vol. I, p. 224, ll. 3–13), runs as follows:

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Trīṇi ṣaṣṭy-adhikāny=asthi-śatāni | teṣāṁ catvāriṁśac=chataṁ śākhāsu, sa-viṁśa-śatam=antarādhau, śataṁ mūrdhani iti || Tatr= aikaikasmin sakthini pañca pāda-nakhāḥ | pratyekam=aṅgulyāṁ trīṇy=asthīni, tāni pañcadaśa | pañca pāda-śalākāḥ | tat-pratibandhakam=ekam | dve dve kūrca-gulpha-jaṅghāsu | ekaikaṁ pārṣṇi-jān-ūruṣu | sarvāṇi ca nakh-asthy-ādīni sakthi-vad=bāhvoś=ca |

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caturviṁśatiḥ parśukāḥ, tāvanty=eva tat-sthālakāny=arbudāni ca | triṁśat=pṛṣṭhe | aṣṭāv=urasi | ekaikaṁ bhage trike | nitamba-yoś=ca dve | tad-vad=akṣak-āṁsa-āṁsaphalakeṣu | tathā gaṇḍa-karṇa-śaṅkheṣu jatru-tālunoś=ca | trayodaśa grīvāyām | catvāri kaṇṭhanāḍyām | dve hanu-bandhane | dvātriṁśad=dantāḥ | tad-vad=ulūkhalāni ca | trīṇi nāsāyāṁ | ṣat=śirasi ||

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2. Immediately after the above-given Number-list follows the Class-list (ibidem, ll. 13-16), which runs as follows:

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Tāni jānu-kūrpara¹-nitamba-āṁsa-gaṇḍa-tālu-śaṅkha-vaṅkṣaṇa-madhya-śirassu kapāla-saṁjñāni | daśanās=tu rucakāḥ | ghrāṇa-karṇa-grīv-akṣikośeṣu taruṇāni | pāni-pāda-pārśva-pṛṣṭh-odar-orassu ¹ valayāni | śeṣāni nalakāni | iti nām-ānugat-ākṛtīni pañca-vidhāny=asthīni ||

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3. For the translation of the Number-list, see § 37. The Class-list may be translated as follows:

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Those bones which occur in the knees, elbows, hips, shoulders, cheeks, palate, temples, interiliac space (i. e. sacrum), and cranium are termed pan-shaped. The teeth are sharp bones. Tender bones occur in the nose, ears, neck, and eye-balls. The bones in the hands, feet, sides, back, abdomen, and breast are ornament-shaped. The remaining bones are reed-shaped. These are the five classes of bones which take their names from their shapes.

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