Indian Medicine (Medicin), translated by C. G. Kashikar c17.49

Language: English

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p.13.l.21—For the modern character of the so-called Saṃhitās see S. N. Dasgupta, *HIP*, II, p. 432. Some such works may be recorded here:—(1) Viśvāmitra Saṃhitā quoted by Cakrapāṇi in comm. on Car, Sūtra. chap. 27; comm. on Su, Sūtra. chap. 14; Śivadāsa in his comm. on Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha, Jvarādhikāra (cf. Gananath Sen, *PS*, p. 23; S. N. Dasgupta, *HIP* II, 432, (2) Khara-pāda Saṃhitā. Even though not available now, it was utilized by Cakrapāṇi, Vijayarakṣita (comm. on MN, Jvaranidānādhikāra), Hemādri (comm. on AHr, sūtra. 8.3), Aruṇadatta (cf. comm. on AHr, Cikitsā. 1.34,77). Keśava—a contemporary of Aruṇadatta, a protege of king Siṃhaṇa or Siṃhaṇa II (Siṃharāja) of the later Yādavas of Devagiri and a resident of Vedapura, refers to Kharaṇādi in his work called Siddhamantra. He is variously called as Kharaṇāda, Kharaṇādi, Khāraṇādi, Khāraṇāda. The name Kharaṇādi was current in Maharashtra, while in Bengal he was known as Kharaṇāda. Vopadeva in his Siddhamantraprakāśa comm. on Siddhamantra—the work of his father, also quotes from Kharaṇādi. Kharaṇādi's work seems to have been in verse. Kharaṇāda is also referred to in the Ratnaprabhā comm. of Niścalakara on Cakrapāṇidatta's Dravyaguṇa-saṃgraha, and by Vācaspati in his comm. on MN (p.50). A leaf of the MS Kharaṇadanyāsa was discovered, among other things, in the excavations made by Pandit M. S. Kaul at Gilgit in Kashmir. This Kharaṇadanyāsa is a comm.

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on a work of Kharaṇāda on medicine, giving portion of a chapter relating to pregnancy. Both the text and the comm. are known at present through quotations only. The work of Kharaṇāda seems to have been older than AHr. Prof. P. K. Gode is inclined to fix A. D. 650 as the terminus before which Kharaṇāda may have composed his work, and about 850 A. D. as the terminus before which the Nyāsa was composed. cf. P. K. Gode, ABORI XX, pt. 1, pp. 97-102; PO IV, pp. 49-62. cf. also S. N. Dasgupta, HIP II, 432; Gananath Sen, PS, p.21. (3) Parāśara Saṃhitā, a work on Kāyacikitsā. This is quoted by Vijayarakṣita and Śrīkaṇṭhadatta and Śivadāsa (in his comm. on Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha of Cakrapāṇi, Rasacikitsā) cf. S. N. Dasgupta, HIP II 432; Gananath Sen, ibid. p. 20. (4) Kṣārapāṇi Saṃhitā, a work on Kāyacikitsā, quoted by Vijayarakṣita, Śrīkaṇṭhadatta and Śivadāsa (comm. on Cakrapāṇi's Cikitsā., Kāyacikitsā) cf. S. N. Dasgupta, ibid.; Gananath Sen, ibid. (5) Jatūkarṇa Saṃhitā, a work on Kāyacikitsā, mainly composed in prose. Quoted by Cakrapāṇi (comm. on Car, sūtra. 2.5), Vijayarakṣita (comm. on MN, Jvarādhikāra, Hikkāśvāsādhikāra), Śivadāsa (comm. on Cikitsā.). cf. Gananath Sen, ibid.; S. N. Dasgupta, ibid. (6) Bhāradvāja Saṃhitā, contains within it a small work called Bheṣajakalpa, a comm. by Veṅkateśa (Dr. Cordier, Recent Discoveries of Medical MSS in India, 1898-1900), cf. S. N. Dasgupta, ibid. (7) Kāśyapa-saṃhitā. A work on midwifery and gynaecology and children's diseases, edited by Y.

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T. Acharya and Pandit Hemaraj Sarma, Nirnaya Sagar press, Bombay, 1938, with an extensive intro. by Pandit Hemaraj. A MS of this work was discovered in the Nepal Durbar library, Katmandu. It is a dialogue between Kaśyapa and Bhārgava. According to the editors, the work was taught by Rṣi Mārica Kaśyapa, abridged by his disciple Vṛddha Jīvaka and revised by one of his descendents called Vātsya. This Kāśyapa seems to be the same as mentioned in the Bower MS. According to Pandit Hemaraj, Jīvaka, the compiler of this work is different from Jīvaka Komārabhacca, the physician of Gautama Buddha. The main portion of Kāśyapa Saṃhitā is divided into eight parts and contains 120 chapters. It has also a supplementary part comprising 80 chapters. There is much similarity of construction between Caraka and Kasyapa Samhitā. For detailed information regarding the date and composition cf. Hemaraj Pandit's Intro., also S. N. Dasgupta, *HIP* II, 432. (8) *Bheda Samhitā* published by the University of Calcutta (*JDL* IV, 1920). Incomplete. For the modern character of this work cf. Hoernle, *JRAS* 1909, pp. 869-70, 1910, pp. 830-34; Keith, *HSL*, p. 508; Kasyapa Samhitā intro. p. 25; Gananath Sen *PS*, intro. pp. 189. There is a great similarity of composition between the Samhitās of Caraka and Bheda. The numbers of sthānas and chapters is the same in both the works. Even the names of certain chapters are identical.

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Attempts to prove the antiquity of Bheda Samhitā are made by Hemaraj Pandit, intro. to Kasyapa Sam. pp. 104-9. Quotations from Susruta Samhitā are found in the Bheda Samhitā. cf. Rasayogasāgara, intro. pp. 70-1. Bheda Samhitā is quoted by Tisata in his Cikitsākalikā, by Jagannatha and in Tojarānanda. Durgashankar K. Shastri has proposed "about 300. A. D." as the probable date of the Bheda Samhitā (cf. *Ayurved no Itihas* p. 75). (9) *Asvini Samhitā*. The Haritakikalpa from this work is edited in two recensions (shorter-27 verses, longer-37 verses) from two MSS in possession of Dr. P. Cordier by Hoernle along with the Bower MS.