The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh c22.s1.t1: D (1). Numerical Notations
The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh c22.s1.t1
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D (1). Numerical Notations
c22.s1.t1.1
| | Abjad. | Arabic Numerals. | Hindu Numerals. | | Abjad. | Arabic Numerals. | Hindu Numerals. |
| 1 | ا a | 1 | १ | 60 | س s | ٦٠ | ६० |
| 2 | ب b | ٢ | २ | 70 | ع ‘ | ٧٠ | ७० |
| 3 | ج j | ٣ | ३ | 80 | ف f | ٨٠ | ८० |
| 4 | د d | ٤ | ४ | 90 | ص ṣ | ٩٠ | ९० |
| 5 | هـ h | ٥ | ५ | 100 | ق q | ١٠٠ | १०० |
| 6 | و w | ٦ | ६ | 200 | ر r | ٢٠٠ | २०० |
| 7 | ز z | ٧ | ७ | 300 | ش sh | ٣٠٠ | ३०० |
| 8 | ح ḥ | ٨ | ८ | 400 | ت t | ٤٠٠ | ४०० |
| 9 | ط t | ٩ | ९ | 500 | ث th | ٥٠٠ | ५०० |
| 10 | ي i | ١٠ | १० | 600 | خ kh | ٦٠٠ | ६०० |
| 20 | ك k | ٢٠ | २० | 700 | ذ dh | ٧٠٠ | ७०० |
| 30 | ل l | ٣٠ | ३० | 800 | ض ḍ | ٨٠٠ | ८०० |
| 40 | م m | ٤٠ | ४० | 900 | ظ ẓ | ٩٠٠ | ९०० |
| 50 | ن n | ٥٠ | ५० | 1000 | غ gh | ١٠٠٠ | १००० |
c22.s1.t1.2
The *abjad* system is indicated by eight *voces memorabiles* *abjad hawwaz ḥuṭṭi kalaman sa‘faṣ qarashat thakhadh ḍaghagh.* But western Mussulmans arrange the last four words thus: *Safad qarasat thakhadh ẓaghash.*
c22.s1.t1.3
The Greek system agreed with the *abjad* as far as 80, but the portion from 90 to 300 corresponded with the *abjad* from 100 to 400. The later numbers differed considerably. In deciphering the engraved numbers on the astrolabe there are sometimes apparent ambiguities to be cleared up, owing partly, to the omission of diacritical marks.¹
c22.s1.t1.4
¹ See page 97; Nallino's *el-Battāni*, iii *f*; and Peters and Knobel's *Ptolemy's Catalogue of Stars*, p. 13 *f*. Morley made a number of mistakes, particularly in transcribing the symbols for 4 and 7.