Ancient Indian Education: An Inquiry into its Origin, Development, and Ideals c11: Index

Ancient Indian Education: An Inquiry into its Origin, Development, and Ideals c11

Language: English

Index

c11.1

A Abul Fazl, 124, 127. Accounts, 145 ff., 164. Adam, William, 140, 145, 153 f., 160. Adhvaryu, 15 ff. Adhyāya, 40. Agra, 117, 122, 128, 138 f. Agriculture, 63 ff., 73, 124. Ahmadābād, 76 f. Āīn-i-Akbarī, 124, 160. Ajātaśatru, 58. Akbar, 50, 121 ff., 129, 131, 138, 160. Algebra, 41, 44. Altamsh, 116, 138. Amarakośa, 43. Anadhyāya, 38. Angas, 38, 42, 44, 47 f., 59. Ānvīkṣikī, 63 ff. Āpastamba, 28 ff., 35, 60. Arabic, 118 f., 121, 123, 131 ff., 138, 140, 152 f. Āraṇyakas, 21, 37 f. Ārchika, 16. Arithmetic, 64, 73, 111, 115, 124, 139 f., 144 ff., 156 ff., 164. Arthaśāstra, 60, 62 ff., 76, 84. Arthavāda, 17. Āryabhaṭa, 43. Aryan Race, 11, 17, 18, 81. Aṣṭādhyāyī, 43. Aśoka, 78, 93, 95, 108, 158 f., 161. Āśrama, 25 ff., 35, 59, 171, 181. Astronomy, 18, 24, 38, 42 f., 45, 53 f., 102, 125, 140. Atharvaveda, 16 ff., 19, 24, 30, 69. Ātman, 21, 26. Aurangzib, 130 ff. Āyur Vedic medicine, 45.

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B Bābar, 120 f., 129, 139. Badari, 49. Badaun, 117. Badaunī, 123. Bahādur Shāh, 137. Bahmanī Kingdom, 118 f. Bakhtiyār, 107, 115. Balban, 116. Baudhāyana, 28 ff., 45, 47 f., 60. Bell, Dr. Andrew, 147, 179. Benares, 49, 51, 130. Bengal, 119, 145, 147, 154, 162. Bengali, 153. Bentinck, Lord William, 6, 145. Bernier, 78, 128, 132 ff., 139. Bhagavad Gītā, 159, 173. Bharadvāja, 20. Bhartṛihari, 100 f., 104 f. Bhāskarāchārya, 43. Bhikkunis, 112. Bhikkhus, 88 ff., 103. Bīdar, 119, 121. Bījapur, 119. Bodhisattva, 94. Bohras, 131. Bombay, 145, 148, 154. Brahmachārī, 19 ff., 25, 39, 56, 103. Brahman, 23, 81, 172. Brāhmaṇas, 17, 19 ff., 37 f., 45, 58. Brāhmans, 11 ff., 18 ff., 27 ff., 33, 37 f., 44 ff., 58 ff., 68 ff., 88, 104, 114, 144, 145 f., 148, 152, 155, 162 f., 170, 181. Bṛihadāraṇyaka Upanishad, 24, 46. Buddhism, 45, 87 ff., 171 f. Burma, 107, 111 f., 159.

c11.3

C Calcutta, 54. Calcutta Review, 165. Caste, 12, 18, 74 ff., 87, 173, 175 f., 180. Catrou, 123, 132. Ceylon, 109, 112. Charaka, 45. Charaṇa, 17.

c11.4

Chhandas, 24, 42. Chhāndogya Upanishad, 26. Chinese scholars, 93 ff. Chitra Gāngyāyani, 58. Chivalry, 70 f. Cowell, Professor, 53. Craftsmen, 57, 74 ff., 113, 117, 177. Curriculum— Brāhman, 23 f., 40 ff., 51, 55. Buddhist, 98 ff., 110 f., 113. Kshatriya, 60 ff. Muhammadan, 119, 124 ff., 132 ff., 139 ff. Primary, 146 ff., 164. Vaiśya, 72 ff.

c11.5

c11.6

Daṇḍanīti, 63 ff. Dārā Shukoh, 128. Daśagranthas, 38. Delhi, 79, 115 ff., 122, 128, 137, 139. Devadāsīs, 83 f. Dhanur Veda, 70. Dharma, 27 ff., 158. Drawing, 79. Drona, 61. Dubois, 78, 84. Dvija, 27. Dwaraka, 49.

c11.7

c11.8

Education Commission of 1882... 148, 161 f. Etymology, 18, 24, 38.

c11.9

c11.10

Fā-Hien, 95 ff. Fathpur Sīkrī, 122, 138. Ferishta, 117. Fīrūzābād, 117. Fosse, Mr. de la, 55, 140.

c11.11

c11.12

Gautama, 28 ff., 35 f., 46, 48. Gāyatrī, 56. Geometry, 41, 124. Golkonda, 119. Grammar, 18, 24, 38, 42 ff., 53 ff., 98 ff., 134, 136, 140, 152, 169, 176. Greek influence, 44. Gṛihastha, 26, 35. Gṛihya Sūtras, 38. Guilds, 75 ff. Gul-Badan Begam, 138. Guru, 23, 25, 50.

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c11.14

Harsha, King, 70. Hīnayāna, 95 f. Hindi, 55, 83. History, 119, 125, 133, 136, 141. Hitopadeśa, 41, 65, 68, 167. Hiuen Tsiang, 95 ff. Hotṛi, 14 ff. Humāyūn, 121, 131.

c11.15

c11.16

Ibādat, Khāna, 122. Ibrāhīm Sharki, 119. Initiation, 19, 27, 56, 59, 89, 150. Itihāsa, 24, 65. I-Tsing, 93 ff.

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c11.18

Jahānāra Begam, 138. Jahāngīr, 128, 130. Janaka, 58. Jātaka, 99, 101, 111. Jaunpur, 119, 139. Jyotisha, 42.

c11.19

c11.20

Kalpa, 24, 42, 60. Kanishka, 45, 102. Karma, 21, 87, 172, 175. Kathā-sarit-sāgara, 66, 68. Kātyāyana, 43. Kauṭilya, 62 ff. Kayasths, 145 f., 152. Khalji dynasty, 116. Khāndesh, 119. Kharg bandāī, 71. King, 18, 60 ff. Korān, 115, 117, 120, 131, 139 f., 153, 164, 177. Kshatriyas, 18, 26, 29 f., 56, 58 ff., 145, 171. Kutb-ud-dīn, 115.

c11.21

c11.22

Law, 18, 42, 45, 52 ff., 102, 140 f. Legge, Prof. J., 108. Lexicography, 43, 98. Libraries, 55, 121, 131, 137. Logic, 24, 42, 52 ff., 60, 98 ff., 113, 125, 140.

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c11.24

Macaulay, 6. Madras, 145, 149, 154. Madrasah, 115 ff., 145, 152. Mahābhārata, 18, 61, 68, 85. Mahābhāshya, 43, 100. Mahājani schools, 73 f., 163. Māham Anaga, 122, 138. Mahāyāna, 94 ff., 106. Mahmūd of Ghaznī, 114. Maktab, 80, 115 ff., 145, 152, 160, 161, 164, 177. Maktab Ceremony, 131 f. Mālwā, 119, 138. Manu, 28, 34 f., 41, 45, 47 f., 56, 63, 66, 68, 72, 81, 112, 154 f. Manucci, 123. Mathas, 49 f. Mathematics, 43 f., 102, 169. Māyā, 172. Medicine, 42, 45, 98, 101 f., 113, 125, 141, 153. Megasthenes, 31. Metaphysics, 99 f., 140. Method, 17, 36 ff., 54, 78 f., 98 ff., 124 ff., 146 ff., 166. Military skill, 60 ff., 132, 135. Mīmāmsā, 46 ff. Monasteries (see also Mathas, Sangharāmas, and Vihāras), 105 ff., 111 f., 157 ff. Monitors, 41, 147, 166, 179 f. Muhammad Ghorī, 115. Mulla Shāh, 132 ff. Müller, F. Max, 21, 38 f., 43, 46. Multān, 119. Mumtāz Mahal, 138. Music, 101, 122, 140.

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c11.26

Nachiketas, 41. Nadīā, 49, 51 ff. Nālanda, 51 ff., 95 ff., 105. Nārada, 23. Nasīr-ud-dīn, 116. Nirukta, 42, 47 f. Nītisāra, 67. Nītiśāstra, 60, 67. Nūr Jahān, 138. Nyāya, 46, 54.

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c11.28

Om, 36, 40. Otantapuri, 105 f. Outcastes, 32, 145 f.

c11.29

c11.30

Pabbajā ordination, 89. Padapātha, 17. Palaka, 150, 157. Pāli, 95. Panchatantra, 41, 65. Pāṇini, 37, 42 ff., 49, 98 ff., 176. Pansal, 110. Parāśara, 47. Parishad, 46 ff. Pāṭaliputra, 43, 95, 102. Patanjali, 43, 125, 176. Pāṭhśālas, 145, 162. Pātimokkha, 89. Patna. See Pāṭaliputra. Persian, 118 f., 121 f., 125 f., 128, 131 f., 138 ff., 142, 152 f., 160. Philology, 42. Philosophy, 18, 20, 45, 54, 63, 87, 98, 100, 119, 134 f., 169, 171 ff., 181. Phonetics, 43. Pietra della Valle, 151, 160, 162. Poetry, 53 f., 119, 152. Politics, 60 ff. Prajāpati, 19. Praśna, 40. Prātiśākhya, 39 f. Prostitutes, 84. Punishments, 35, 64, 148, 165 f. Pupils: Age of, 22, 28 f., 53 f., 89, 111, 146. Brāhman, 19, 22 ff., 52 ff. Buddhist, 89 ff. Clothing of, 29 f. Collecting alms, 19, 32, 91.

c11.31

Pupils (continued): Discipline of, 24, 30 ff., 64, 91 ff., 148 ff., 165. Food of, 32, 91. Hours of study, 65, 148. Initiation of, 19, 27 ff., 56, 59, 89, 150. Length of course, 20, 23, 30 ff., 38, 64, 93. Muhammadan, 122, 124 ff. Number of, 52 ff., 139, 145. Primary, 145 ff. Purāṇa, 24, 54, 65. Puri, 49. Purohita, 12, 59, 66 f. Pyal schools, 149 f.

c11.32

Q Quinquennial Review, 55, 140, 143.

c11.33

R Rājasthān, 68, 70 f. Rājputs, 71. Rāma, 61, 71. Rāmāyaṇa, 18, 61, 68, 71, 76, 147, 167. Raziya, 116, 138. Reading, 79, 110, 115, 125, 139, 144 ff., 164. Religious education, 33 f., 50, 80, 109, 132, 164, 167, 174, 181. Ṛigveda, 12 ff., 20, 23, 24, 38 f., 47, 58, 60, 75, 81. Royal education, 60 ff., 132 ff.

c11.34

S Ṣaddhivihārika, 90 ff. Śākhā, 17, 37 f. Sāmanera, 90, 108. Sāmans, 15. Śāmans, 95. Samāvartana, 35. Sāmaveda, 15 ff., 24. Samskāras, 28. Sanatkumāra, 23. Sandhi, 39. Sangha, 88 ff., 108, 157. Sangharāmas, 96, 113. Śankarāchārya, 49. Sānkhya, 46, 63.

c11.35

Sannyāsī, 26, 35. Sanskrit, 37 f., 43, 50 f., 55, 66, 79, 83, 95, 99 ff., 109 f., 122 f., 125 f., 128, 152. Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 18 f. Satiunnisā, 138. Satyakāma, 22. Sāvitrī, 20, 36. Shāh Jahān, 119, 128, 130, 134. Sher Shāh, 119, 121. Sialkot, 131. Sikandar Lodī, 117 ff. Śikshā, 24, 42. Sītā, 85 f. Smith, Mr. V. A., 158. Snātaka, 35. Soma, 12 f., 15 ff. Specialization, 44 f., 48. Sringeri, 49 f. Students. See Pupils. Śūdras, 18, 57, 148. Suśruta, 45. Sūtras, 24, 27 ff., 37, 40, 42 f., 45, 48, 59 f., 72, 87, 95, 98, 154. Śvetaketu, 22 ff.

c11.36

T Taimur, 117. Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, 20. Takshaśilā, 49. Tamil, 150. Tamralipti, 95 f. Tantrākhyāyikā, 68. Tantric philosophy, 52, 105 f. Tapas, 26. Teacher: Brāhman, 13, 19, 22 ff., 30 ff., 52 ff. Buddhist, 90 ff. Fees of, 25, 35, 52 ff., 145, 150, 152, 162 f. Introduction to, 19, 23, 90. Muhammadan, 132, 152. Primary, 145 ff. Rules for, 34, 92 f. Service of, 19, 24, 32, 90 ff. Worshipped, 50, 69, 177. Telugu, 150. Text-books, 42 f., 67 f., 98 ff., 146, 160. Tiladaka, 96.

c11.37

Tod, 70 f. Todar Mal, 122. Tols, 51 ff., 145. Transmigration, 21, 87, 172, 175. Tripiṭaka, 93, 97. Tughlak dynasty, 116. Turkish, 121, 131.

c11.38

U Udgātṛi, 15 ff. Universities, 49, 51 ff., 105 ff., 119, 139, 178. Upajjhāya, 90 ff. Upāli, 156. Upanayana, 19, 28. Upanishads, 21 ff., 32, 37, 41, 45, 58 f., 81, 128, 171. Upasampada ordination, 89, 157. Urdū, 118, 122, 152.

c11.39

V Vaidiks, 44. Vaidyas, 45, 145. Vaiśeshika, 46. Vaiśyas, 18, 26, 29 f., 56, 58 ff., 72 f., 155, 171. Vānaprasthas, 21, 25 f., 35. Vārta, 63 ff. Vārttikas, 43. Vasiṣṭha, 28 ff., 45, 47 f., 60.

c11.40

Vedāngas, 42, 48. Vedānta, 21, 34, 46, 50, 87. Vedic schools, 13 ff., 26, 44, 58, 72. Vidhi, 17. Vidyabhusana, Dr. S. C., 105. Vihāras, 88 ff. Vikramaśilā, 105 ff., 115. Village community, 74 f., 161 ff. Vinaya, 88, 93, 97, 100 f. Vocational training, 57, 60 ff., 74 ff., 136, 174, 180 f. Vyākaraṇa, 42.

c11.41

W Ward, William, 53 f., 70, 83, 147, 153 f. Warriors, 60 ff. Women's education, 80 ff., 112 f., 137 f., 153, 177. Writing, 17, 37 f., 41, 55, 73, 79, 110, 115, 124 f., 139 f., 144 ff., 155 ff., 163 f., 166 f.

c11.42

Y Yajurveda, 16, 23 f., 47. Yoga, 46, 63, 87.

c11.43

Z Zibunnisā Begam, 138.

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PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

c11.45

the *Gesta Romanorum*, the *Legenda Aurea* of Jacobus de Voragine, and the *Speculum Historiale* of Vincent of Beauvais. These were the books that fed the imagination of the Middle Ages, and they were the books that the Church, in its wisdom, provided for the instruction and edification of the faithful.

c11.46

But the Church did not merely provide books; it also provided the means of their dissemination. The monastic scriptoria, where monks labored in silence to copy the sacred texts, were the precursors of the printing press. And when the press finally arrived, it was the Church that first harnessed its power, using it to spread the word of God to the corners of the earth. The Gutenberg Bible, the first major book printed in Europe, was a testament to the Church's commitment to the written word.

c11.47

Yet, even as the Church championed the spread of knowledge, it also sought to control it. The *Index Librorum Prohibitorum*, or List of Prohibited Books, was a tool used by the Church to suppress ideas it deemed dangerous or heretical. This tension between the desire to educate and the need to control would define the Church's relationship with literature for centuries to come.

c11.48

It is a complex history, one that is marked by both enlightenment and suppression. But it is a history that cannot be ignored, for it is the history of the very foundation of Western civilization. The Church, in its role as the guardian of knowledge, has shaped the way we think, the way we write, and the way we understand the world around us.