[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [A History of Indian Medical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999) › v2.c32 # A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c32: Chapter 15: Commentaries on the Carakasamhitā A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c32 - **Language:** English ### Chapter 15: Commentaries on the Carakasamhitā ### [v2.c32.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.2) 1 See: Agniveśa. 2 C.G. Kashikar 163. 3 P. Cordier (1903b): 331. 4 NCC I, 344. 5 Bhaṭṭarahariścandra’s commentary on the Carakasamhitā bears the same title. 6 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, anuvāsana 33: the comments are concerned with basti, a subject mainly dealt with in the Siddhisthāna of the Carakasamhitā. 7 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, anuvāsana 33. 8 Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 65–68: Amitaprabha agrees with Dṛḍhabala and Jejjata; udara 11: Īśāna and Amitaprabha agree on the interpretation of a verse from Caraka; vamana 16: Amitaprabha agrees with Īśanadeva; vireka 16; vireka 28: Amitaprabha agrees with Kārttika. 9 Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.702cd. 10 Niścala quotes from a treatise by Amitaprabha not mentioned by name ad Cakradatta, jvara 84 and 90; krimi 4; pāṇḍuroga 9; unmāda 50; udāvarta 14; śotha 6; galagaṇḍa 6; vraṇaśotha 75; upadaṃśa 32; visarpa 32; mukharoga 87. Verses of the Cakradatta, which were borrowed from Amitaprabha’s work are: jvara 84 and 90; krimi 4; pāṇḍuroga 9 (= Yogaśataka 30); unmāda 50; vraṇaśotha 75 (= Yogaśataka 65); visarpa 32. Some of these formulae are already found in Vṛnda’s Siddhayoga (Siddhayoga 1.95 = Cakradatta, jvara 84; 7.5 = krimi 4; 8.6 = pāṇḍuroga 9); the Kusumāvalī does not disclose their source. 11 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Ci.24.83; this reference need not imply Amitaprabha also commented on the Suśrutasamhitā. 12 Yogaratnasamuccaya 9.610cd–612; 9.691cd–692ab; 10.97cd–98ab and 273; 11.21, 127, 157; 13.265–266 and 270; 14.42, 175, 206–207, 216–220, 413; 18.12, 42, 221, 225, 291 (= Cakradatta, visarpa 32), 471–472; 19.66–67; 20.225; 24.401 (said to be from Vararuci’s Amitaprabhīya and 405; 25.34; 30.123. 13 Yogaratnasamuccaya 9.270–272ab; 15.134–135; 23.23. Some quotations in the Yogaratnasamuccaya from a work abbreviated as Amṛta cannot be identified, because they may be from the Amṛtaprabhīya or the Amṛtamālā. 14 Cakradatta, unmāda 50 = Yogaratnasamuccaya 23.23. The Yogaratnasamuccaya says that the verse is found in the Amṛtaprabhīya and Vāhaṭa. 15 Niścala ad Cakradatta, arśas 147–151: these verses on the preparation of a kṣāra are borrowed from Amitaprabha’s Cikitsātiśaya; chardi 23: this recipe derives from the Cikitsātiśaya. 16 See: Yogaśataka. The therapeutic treatise of Amitaprabha, outed by Anantakumāra, Cakrapāṇidatta and Niścala, may be the Cikitsātiśaya or the Yogaśataka, if the latter is by the same author. D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 137) was doubtful about the identity of the author of the Yogaśataka with the one who wrote the Carakanyāsa and the much quoted therapeutic work. See on Amitaprabha: D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b): 136–137. 17 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 65–68. ### [v2.c32.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.3) 18 This chronological order is made doubtful by Niścala's statement that Amitaprabha agrees with Jejjaṭa. 19 G. Hāldār places Amitaprabha, also called Amṛtaprabha by him, in the tenth century on the strength of Candraṭa's quotations (Vṛddhatrayī 46–47 and 54). P.V. Sharma assigns him to the ninth century (AVI 208). 20 NCC: not recorded. 21 Cakrapāṇidatta mentions the following series of commentators: Aṅgiri, Saindhava, Jejjaṭa, Īśvarasena; this series, in chronological order, shows him to be a very early author, anterior to Jejjaṭa (seventh or eighth century). 22 AVI 209. 23 See: commentaries on Vāgbhaṭa's works. 24 Gulabkunverba I, (22). 25 NCC II, 230. 26 Ad Ca.Ci.3.73 (he is mentioned together with the śivasaindhavas or Śivasaindhava), 161cd–163ab, 216–217 (he forms part of a series of early commentators, consisting of Himadatta, Svāmidāsa and Āṣāḍhavarman); 23.137–139; Si.1.13cd–15ab and 25. 27 Ad Ca.Ci.3.216–217 (he forms part of a series of early commentators, consisting of Bhāsadatta, Svāmidāsa, Āṣāḍhavarman and Brahmadeva); 23.137–139; Si.1.13cd–15ab and 25. 28 Ad Cakradatta, vamana 16; anuvāsana 33 (Niścala quotes a remark of Āṣāḍhavarman on Ātreya's Uttarakārikā). 29 Ad Mādhavanidāna 1.14cd–15ab. Vijayarakṣita refers to Āṣāḍhadharma, who must be the same as Āṣāḍhavarman, and Svāmidāsa. Some editions have the varia lectio Āṣāḍhadharmadāsa, interpreted as Āṣāḍha and Dharmadāsa; the latter's name is unknown among the commentators on the Carakasamhitā. 30 P. Cordier (1903b: 334) and S. Dasgupta (1975: II, 428) mention Āṣāḍhavarman among the commentators on the Suśrutasamhitā. 31 NCC: not recorded. AVI 207. Haridattaśarman regards the author of the Parihāravārttika as separate from Āṣāḍhavarman at one place (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha), and as identical with him at another (in the list of authors and works quoted by Cakrapāṇidatta). G. Hāldār remarks that Āṣāḍhavarman refuted in his work Patañjali's Vārttika on the Carakasamhitā (Vṛddhatrayī 30). Cakrapāṇidatta quotes the Parihāravārttika once (ad Ca.Ci.23.137–139), in a part of his commentary where Āṣāḍhavarman is also quoted, and in such a context that the work has to be ascribed to the latter. Cakrapāṇidatta refers to parihāras of Āṣāḍhavarman in another passage (ad Si.1.13cd–15ab and 25). Vijayarakṣita also disagrees with the views of Āṣāḍhadharma. 32 AVI 207. 33 B. Tripāṭhī's bhūmikā (20) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. Vṛddhatrayī 30 and 54. 34 Compare NCC XIII, 215: Bakuleśvarasena (probably based on Vṛddhatrayī 58). Niścala ad Cakradatta, karṇaroga 4. 35 Quoted in Gopāladāsa's Cikitsāmṛta. 36 Mentioned in a list taken from the introductory verses of the Madhukośa. 37 See: Niścala. 38 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 117; śīroroga 51. 39 Kusumāvalī ad Siddhayoga 20.24–27. ### [v2.c32.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.4) 40 Ad Mādhavanidāna 6.15. 41 Ad Mādhavanidāna, introductory verses, ad 6.15 and 22.1–4. 42 Niścala quotes a Bakulavyākhyā ad Cakradatta, jvara 20; pāṇḍuroga 35–40. 43 See, for example, Niścala ad Cakradatta, pāṇḍuroga 35–40; rājayakṣman 40–46; svarabheda 10; chardi 4–5. Authors regarding Bakula as a commentator on the Carakasamhitā are: P. Cordier (1903b: 331); the Gulabkunverba team (I, 21); G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 58); Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha); C.G. Kashikar (1977: 163); G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 615); P.V. Sharma (AVI 213–214). 44 See, for example, Niścala ad Cakradatta, vātavyādhi 8–9 and 81–85; hṛdroga 10; aśmarī 2–4; Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 6.15. P.V. Sharma (AVI 213) is of the opinion that Bakula commented on the Suśrutasamhitā. 45 Ad Cakradatta, arśas 83–92; raktapitta 66–73; unmāda 34–37: seven verses based on material found in Jejjaṭa's commentary on the Carakasamhitā. 46 Ad Siddhayoga 20.24–27: the same verses are quoted by Niścala ad unmāda 34–37. 47 Ad Cakradatta, nāḍīvraṇa 3. 48 Ad Cakradatta, arśas 147–151. 49 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, pāṇḍuroga 35–40; unmāda 34–37. 50 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, kṣudraroga 92. 51 See Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 6.15. 52 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, raktapitta 39–42. 53 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, vātavyādhi 8–9; Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 22.1–4. 54 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, ślīpada 24–30. 55 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, kṣudraroga 92. Naradeva is probably the same as Naradatta, Cakrapāṇidatta's teacher. 56 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, vātavyādhi 8–9: earlier than the Bhānumatī. 57 Compare D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 155), who reached the same conclusion. Niścala mentions Bakula and Cakra very often together; Bakula frequently disagrees with Cakra, but supports his opinions in many other instances. 58 D. Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 155). Vṛddhatrayī 58; G. Hāldār calls him Bakuleśvarasena, probably because Bakula's name is followed by that of Īśvarasena in one of the introductory verses of the Madhukośa; on other occasions (Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 464), G. Hāldār mentions Bakulakara as the author of the Sāroccaya and places him in the eleventh or twelfth century, next to Bakuleśvarasena, the commentator. 59 A. Pandey and K. Raghunathan (1976a). 60 B. Tripāṭhī's bhūmikā (21) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. 61 D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 147). 62 Ad Cakradatta, anuvāsana 33. 63 Introduction (21, 87) to his edition of the Ratnaprabhā. 64 CC: not recorded. 65 AVI 208. B. Rama Rao (1992): 304. 66 The twenty-two quotations by Anantakumāra are not from a commentary, but from a work in verse. 67 AVI 208. 68 Quoted in his Yogaratnasamuccaya; Candraṭa quotes him as Bhadravartman. 69 Twenty-eight quotations in verse. See: Niścala. 70 Cakra borrowed from Bhadravarman, according to Niścala: Cakradatta, jvarātīsāra 3–4; ### [v2.c32.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.5) arśas 4–7; agnimāndya 86; raktapitta 13; tṛṣṇā 12; udāvarta 12; vidradhi 12; bhagandara 23; upadaṃśa 7; kuṣṭha 32; visarpa 22; kṣudraroga 81–82 and 86; nāsāroga 23; vamana 6. 71 Siddhayoga 2.5–6 = Cakradatta, jvarātīsāra 3–4; 6.59 = agnimāndya 86; 9.8 = raktapitta 13; 16.9 = tṛṣṇā 12. 72 AVI 208. 73 CC: not recorded. 74 He is mentioned in a series of early commentators: Bhāsadatta, Svāmidāsa, Āṣādhavarman, Brahmadeva. Cakrapāṇidatta's remark is based on a similar one by Jejjaṭa (ad Ca. Ci.3.216–217), but the latter mentions Himadatta instead of Bhāsadatta (compare: Himadatta). 75 AVI 209. 76 B. Tripāṭhī's bhūmikā (20) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. 77 CC: not recorded. 78 AVI 213. 79 See: Niścalakara. 80 Ad Cakradatta, arśas 27 and rasāyana 39–40. 81 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 5; arśas 33–34; vātavyādhi 205–226 (Bhavyadatta is mentioned together with Gayadāsa); prameha 30–37; Śivadāsasena ad Cakradatta, arśas 27; rasāyana 39–40. 82 See Niścala for the references. P.V. Sharma (1993, Introduction 21–22) regards the Bṛhattantrapradīpa as a work of Bhavyadatta (see Naradatta). Bhavyadatta's Gandhatantra, mentioned by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 52), is probably based on a confusion of Bhavyadatta and Bhavadeva. 83 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 3. 84 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 31–32. 85 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 3 (part of the verses quoted agree with A.h.Sū.12.1–19ab); mukharoga 32–33 and 65; karṇaroga 16. 86 AVI 213. 87 Vṛddhatrayī 53 and 55. 88 CC: not recorded. 89 AVI 209. 90 B. Tripāṭhī's bhūmikā (20) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. 91 Gulabkunverba I, (21). 92 See: commentaries on the Suśrutasamhitā. 93 AVI 209. Gulabkunverba I, (21). Haridattaśarman's upodghāta, page pha, to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā. B. Rama Rao (1992): 305. K.R. Srikanta Murthy (1992): 264. B. Tripāṭhī, bhūmikā (20) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. Vṛddhatrayī 57–58. 94 Two references to Brahmadeva may derive from a commentary by this author on the Carakasamhitā: Cakrapāṇidatta (ad Ca.Ci.3.216–217) records a variant accepted and explained by the commentators Bhāsadatta, Svāmidāsa, Āṣādhavarman, and Brahmadeva; Śivadāsasena (ad Ca.Sū.1.24) mentions Brahmadeva's interpretation of a passage of the Carakasamhitā. 95 See Cakrapāṇidatta's Cikitsāsaṃgraha and Dravyaguṇa. 96 NCC VI, 397. Editions: see Carakasamhitā. A summarized English translation of the Āyurvedadīpikā (up to Ci.26) is found in R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash's edition and translation of the Carakasamhitā. P.V. Sharma's Critical Notes (1985e and 1994) ### [v2.c32.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.6) also contain summaries of Cakrapāṇidatta's commentary on the Carakasamhitā. The title of the commentary is mentioned in the introductory verses; the colophons use Carakatātparyaṭīkā as a second title. 97 Amarakosa 1.3.4 is quoted. 98 Bharata's Nāṭyaśāstra. 99 Kamalaśīla's commentary on the Tattvasaṃgraha of his teacher, Śāntarakṣita. 100 Cakrapāṇidatta refers to the Kumāratantra composed by Brahmā. 101 CC: not recorded. A grammarian according to the quotation. 102 The author of the Pākadarpaṇa. 103 Unidentified. 104 Unidentified. 105 Respectively Nyāyasūtra 4.2.47; 1.2.18; 1.2.10 and 13. See also the unidentified quotation ad Vi.8.64. 106 The source of these quotations remains unknown; they are not taken from the Uttaratantra of the Suśrutasamhitā, since Suśruta is quoted separately from the source called Śālākya (see Cakrapāṇidatta's comment ad Ca.Sū.5.26cd–27ab). 107 Śanta- or Śāntarakṣita, a Mahāyāna Buddhist who lived in the eighth century, author of the Tattvasaṃgraha (NCC VIII, 68). 108 Manusmṛti 1.50ab is quoted. 109 Praśastapāda's Padārthadharmasaṃgraha is quoted. 110 Vaiśeṣikasūtra 1.1.1 is quoted ad Ca.Sū.1.1. 111 I.e., Varāhamihira. 112 An author on nāṭyaśāstra according to the edition of the Carakasamhitā. Probably the same as Viśākhila, an ancient writer on music (see CC I, 581; S.K. De, 1960: I, 23). 113 Pāṇini 5.2.93 is quoted. 114 A.s.Sū.7.48cd–49ab (on khala and kāmbalika) is quoted. 115 Compare the quotations from Cakrapāṇi(datta) in the section on his Cikitsāsaṃgraha and Dravyaguṇa. 116 Examples are Sū.6.19–21, Ka.12.65 and 105cd, regarded as anārṣa. 117 Examples are Sū.17.54–61; 27.32, 75cd, 198d–200ab, 244, 299; Śā.8.69; I.5.45–46; Ci.14.86ab; 24.72; 30.127cd. 118 Some of the numerous examples are Sū.10.7–8; 17.10; 20.3; 24.5 and 49; 25.40 and 42; 26.45; 27.25; Ni.3.10; 4.3; 7.20; Vi.8.135; Śā.6.17; 8.22–24 and 56; Ci.8.57; 9.17 and 43; 11.16; 12.12; 13.18; 15.9; 16.11, 20, 106; 24.73, 112, 199; 25.27; 26.132; 27.11; 28.58; 29.8; 30.16 and 326; Ka.1.23; 3.7 and 18; Si.1.23cd–24; 7.5 and 6; 9.4. 119 One of the reasons for accepting a particular reading was its occurence in the majority of the manuscripts consulted by Cakrapāṇidatta (Ci.30.204cd–224). 120 E.g., Sū.25.39 (āluka; compare Cakra ad Sū.27.168: mūlaka instead of āluka; see R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash, 1976: XL); Sū.27.4 (see P.V. Sharma, 1985e: 238–239). See also A.F.R. Hoernle (1978): 34–37. 121 P.V. Sharma suggested that Bhaṭṭārahariścandra was the commentator whose lead was followed by Cakrapāṇidatta (upodghāta, 3, to his edition of Śivadāsasena's commentary on Ca.Sū). A comparison between the commentaries of Cakrapāṇidatta and Jejjaṭa makes clear that the former was heavily indebted to the latter. 122 See, for example, Sū.3.3–17; 11.23–24; 12.4; Ni.2.23ab. 123 Cakrapāṇidatta was unaware of the meaning of the term cūrṇapradeha (Sū.3.3–17; see P.V. Sharma, 1985e: 62); pramāthin (Sū.7.9) is incorrectly explained; dāruṇa is once correctly (Sū.12.7), once (Sū.12.4) wrongly interpreted; the meaning of sūcīpippalaka (Śā.8.34) was not clear to him; the difference between jarāyu (amnion) and amarā (placenta) was unknown to him (Śā.3.6). See also P.V. Sharma's criticisms (1985e) regarding Cakrapāṇidatta's interpretations of śoṇita- and vedanāsthāpana (Sū.4.8), samdhānīya (Sū.4.9), etc. ### [v2.c32.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.7) 124 Cakrapāṇidatta was unacquainted with yāsaśarkarā (Sū.27.241; see P.V. Sharma, 1985e: 246). ### [v2.c32.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.8) 133 R.K. Sharma and Bhagwan Dash (1976: XLI) regard the three theories as original contributions of Cakrapāṇidatta, which is very improbable since he refers to earlier authorities on this subject. The comments of Jejjata on Ca.Ci.15.16 have, unfortunately, not been preserved. ### [v2.c32.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.9) 146 Compare: commentaries on the Suśrutasamhitā. ### [v2.c32.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.10) 147 D.CH. Bhattacharyya identifies the Candrikākāra, quoted by Niścala, with Gayadāsa (1947b: 141). ### [v2.c32.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.11) 148 A comparison of the reference to the Candrikākṛt by Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.26.293 and a quotation from Gayadāsa by Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 2.18–23 supports the view that the Candrikā is in this case Gayadāsa's Nyāyacandrikā. A quotation from the Candrikā in Niścala's Ratnaprabhā (ad aśmarī 13–16) agrees with an opinion of Gayin referred to in the Kusumāvalī (ad Siddhayoga 34.11–17). ### [v2.c32.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.12) 149 An additional passage of Aruṇadatta's Sarvāṅgasundarā (see the footnote in Kuṇṭe and Navre's edition ad A.h.Ci.2.3) cites the Candrikā; the reading of one of P. Cordier's MSS (see P. Cordier, 1901d: 154) was, however, Pārthacandrikā. ### [v2.c32.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.13) 150 Narahari quotes the Carakacandrikākāra. ### [v2.c32.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.14) 151 Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha) is of the opinion that an unidentified Candrikākāra wrote a commentary on the Carakasamhitā. ### [v2.c32.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.15) 152 P. Cordier (1903b): 331. ### [v2.c32.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.16) 153 AVI 210: P.V. Sharma is of the opinion that Gayadāsa is called Candrikākāra because he wrote commentaries on the Caraka- and Suśrutasamhitā which have names ending in -candrikā. ### [v2.c32.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.17) 154 Some MSS of Aruṇadatta's commentary on the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasamhitā contain quotations from a Candrikā which may be Candranandana's Pārthacandrikā; see the tippaṇīs of the edition by Kuṇṭe and Navre ad A.h.Ci.2.3ab and U.17.16ab. See also P. Cordier (1901c): 185. ### [v2.c32.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.18) 157 Rasendrasārasaṃgraha, jvara 297. ### [v2.c32.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.19) 159 Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 89 (Carakacandrikākāra) and 106 (Candrikā). ### [v2.c32.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.20) 161 Ad jvara 42: probably from a commentary on the Carakasamhitā; jvara 49; arśas 138–142; galagaṇḍa 15 and 43; vraṇaśotha 8: (Cakrapāṇidatta's) Bhānumatī and the Candrikā are quoted side by side, which points to the Candrikā as being a commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā. ### [v2.c32.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.21) ¹⁶² Ad phalavarga 1: probably from a commentary on the Carakasamhitā, since the author of the Candrikā is said to agree with Bhaṭṭarahariścandra; phalavarga 6, 10, 11; phalavarga 13: probably from a commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā, since the Candrikā and the Bhānumatī are quoted on the same subject; phalavarga 29 and 36; pānīyavarga 29; kṣīravarga 6 and 20; aikṣavādivarga 3 and 9; kṛtānnavarga 38: probably, since Jejjata's opinion on the same subject is referred to, from a commentary on the Carakasamhitā, unless Jejjata's commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā is meant. ### [v2.c32.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.22) ¹⁶⁴ Ṭodara IX: 1.312–313: a quotation in verse on the alcoholic drink called mārdvīka, kāpiśa, bhīmavikrānta, or kāpiśāpana (probably an error for kāpiśāyana; see MW). ### [v2.c32.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.23) ¹⁶⁵ Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.61cd-65; 10.20: from a commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā; 22.1–4; 22.15: from a commentary on the Carakasamhitā?; 22.27–28ab: from a commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā. ### [v2.c32.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.24) ¹⁶⁹ Gulabkunverba I, (22). See: commentators on the Suśrutasamhitā. ### [v2.c32.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.25) ¹⁷³ NCC VI, 396–397; V, 202–203. Editions: (a) ed. by Gaṅgādhara Kavirāja, saṃvādajñāna-ratnākara Press, Calcutta 1868 \[IO.6.H.14\]. (b) ed. by Gaṅgādhara Kavirāja, Pramāda-bhañjana Press, Berhampore 1878 \[IO.3.D.7\]. (c) caraka-saṃhitā...śrīmacca- ### [v2.c32.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.26) krapāṇidattapraṇītayā āyurvedadīpikākhyatīkayā...śrīgaṅgādharakaviratna-kavirājaviracitayā jalpakalpatarasamākhyayā ṭīkayā ca samalaṃkṛtā, ...śrīnarendranātha senaguptena...śrībalāicandra senaguptena ca sampāditā saṃśodhitā prakāśitā ca, Dhanvantari Steam Machine Press, Calcutta, 1 st ed., vol. I, 1927 \[IO.San.D.426/2\], vol. III, 1933; \*repr. Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi 1984/85, 5 vols.; \*repr., Vidyāvilāsa Āyurveda Series 1, Varanasi 1991. References are to page numbers of ed. c. The earliest article by a western author on Gaṅgādhara’s commentary was written by F. Hessler (1884), who held him for an ancient commentator. ### [v2.c32.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.27) 174 See P.V. Sharma (1985e), Intr. VII. Rather often Gaṅgādhara mentions the Bengali names of medicinal substances. See on Gaṅgādhara’s comments on the identity of drugs and their synonyms, etc.: Bāpālāl Vaidya (1982), App. III. ### [v2.c32.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.28) 175 See P.V. Sharma’s Critical Notes (1985e; 1994) on the views of Gaṅgādhara, compared with those of Cakrapāṇidatta, and on the readings adopted by him. See A.F.R. Hoernle (1978: 27–34 and 49–52) on Gaṅgādhara’s osteological system. ### [v2.c32.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.29) 177 Bādarāyaṇa’s Vedāntasūtra. ### [v2.c32.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.30) 178 Vātsyāyana’s Nyāyasūtrabhāṣya. ### [v2.c32.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.31) 179 Akṣapāda Gotama’s Nyāyasūtra. ### [v2.c32.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.32) 180 Jaiminī’s Pūrvamīmāṃsāsūtra. ### [v2.c32.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.33) 182 Kaṇāda’s Vaiśeṣikasūtra. ### [v2.c32.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.34) 183 Kapila’s Sāṃkhyasūtra. ### [v2.c32.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.35) 185 I.e., the Liṅgapurāṇa. ### [v2.c32.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.36) 186 Probably the Nāradasmṛti. ### [v2.c32.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.37) 189 Vātsyāyana’s Nyāyasūtrabhāṣya. ### [v2.c32.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.38) 190 A work on dharmaśāstra by Vyāsa. See Kane I.1, 529–535. ### [v2.c32.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.39) 191 The Yājñavalkyasmṛti. The references are to the pages of edition c of the Jalpakalpataru and to the verses of Yādavaśarman’s edition of the Carakasamhitā. The list of sources is probably incomplete. ### [v2.c32.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.40) 192 See AVI 221; P.V. Sharma (1970a): 88, (1985e): Intr. VI. Gaṅgādhara wrote numerous works on other subjects as well; see AVI 221; P.V. Sharma (1970a: 88): a total number of seventy-six works, (1985e), Intr. VII; Āyurvedamahāmaṇḍala II, 124–135; NCC V, 202–203: author of about forty works, partly published in Gaṅgādharamanīṣā (Calcutta 1911); Vṛddhatrayī 60. ### [v2.c32.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.41) 193 NCC V, 202. A commentary on the medical chapters of the Agnipurāṇa (N. Gangadharan, 1982: 157), also called Āgneyāyurvedabhāṣya (Vṛddhatrayī 474) and Āgneyāyurvedīyabhāṣya (ABI 322; Vṛddhatrayī 60). ### [v2.c32.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.42) 204 NCC V, 202. Atrideva (ABI 322), G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 60 and 474) and Jaggi (IX, 45) mention also a Yogaratnāvalī (NCC: not recorded) among his medical works. ### [v2.c32.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.43) 206 P.V. Sharma (1985e), Intr. VI. ### [v2.c32.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.44) 209 G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 60) mentions Saiyadābād near Murśidābād. ### [v2.c32.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.45) 211 Bāpālāl Vaidya (1982): 354. ### [v2.c32.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.46) 214 See on Gaṅgādhara also: Atrideva (1978): 234; Āyurvedamahāmaṇḍala II, 121–125; Brahmananda Gupta (1976): 371–372; K.R. Srikantamurthy (1968): 84–85: Vṛddhatrayī 471. See on Gaṅgādhara’s pupils and the local schools of āyurveda founded by them: AVI 222 and Brahmananda Gupta (1976): 372. ### [v2.c32.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.47) 215 Bāpālāl Vaidya (1982): 354. ### [v2.c32.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.48) 216 ABI 322; P.V. Sharma (1985e), Intr. VI; Vṛddhatrayī 60 and 474. Sometimes 1855 (AVI 221; R.D.Tripathi and K.C. Verma, 1981: 191) or 1865 (N. Gangadharan, 1982: 157) are mentioned as the year of his death. ### [v2.c32.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.49) 220 P. Cordier (1903b): 331. ### [v2.c32.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.50) 223 Guṇākara is regarded as a commentator on the Carakasamhitā by the Gulabkunverba team: I, (21), G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 59), Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha), G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 615), B. Tripāṭhī (bhūmikā, 21, to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā), and P.V. Sharma (AVI 213). ### [v2.c32.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.51) 226 Guṇākara is placed in the twelfth century by P.V. Sharma (AVI 213), in the twelfth-thirteenth century by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 59), and in the thirteenth century by B. Tripāṭhī (bhūmikā, 21, to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā). ### [v2.c32.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.52) 228 See, e.g., the introductory verses of the Madhukośa and Niścala’s quotations. Niścala once refers to Bhaṭṭarāpādaḥ (ad Cakradatta, udara 51). The title Bhaṭṭarāka is also given to Caraka (see Candranandana ad A.h.Sū.1.17cd). ### [v2.c32.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.53) 229 B. Rama Rao (1992: 300) mentions that it is also known as Śiṣyopādhyāyakanyāsa. ### [v2.c32.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.54) ²³⁰ Cat. Madras Nr. 13092 contains the commentary on Ca.Sū.3. According to Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page dha), it covers Ca.Sū.1 ### [v2.c32.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.55) 231 and 2 and, according to P.V. Sharma (AVI 204), it reaches up to Ca.Sū.3, whereas the Gulabkunverba edition of the Caraka-saṃhitā (I, 115) claims that it gives the commentary on Ca.Sū.1–3 and 5. Two more MSS are recorded in the Check-list. The preserved fragment of Haricandra’s commentary in the Madras MS has been edited by \*Mastarām Śāstrin\* in 1932/33 (AVI 204; Haridattaśarman’s upodghāta, page dha; V. Śukla I, 49). See on Haricandra’s commentary: P.V. Sharma (1967). ### [v2.c32.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.56) 231 Quoted by P.V. Sharma (1970a: 84). ### [v2.c32.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.57) 232 P.V. Sharma states (AVI 205; 1970a: 85) that the tantrayuktis and tantradoṣas are dealt with in the preserved part of the commentary. Bhaṭṭāraharicandra distinguished forty tantrayuktis by adding four (praśna, vyākaraṇa, vyutkrāntābhidhāna and hetu) to the thirty-six of the Caraka-saṃhitā, as stated by Cakrapāṇidatta (ad Ca.Si.12.41cd–45ab) and Indu (ad A.s.U.50.150–153). See also: W.K. Lele (1981): 22; G. Oberhammer, E. Prets and J. Prandstetter (1996): 157 (s.v. paripraśna). ### [v2.c32.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.58) 233 As stated by Indu ad A.h.Ka.6.14ab and A.s.Ka.8.17. Indu also refers to Bhaṭṭāraharicandra’s Kharanāda in the verses on paribhāṣā (45–47) at the end of his commentary ad A.s.Ka.8; Śrīdāsa refers to this work ad A.h.Sū.19.14cd–15. See Kharanāda. Compare Sūramcandra I, 230–232. The Gulabkunverba edition of the Caraka-saṃhitā claims (I, 115) that Haricandra wrote a commentary on the Kharanāda, later on by Indu. ### [v2.c32.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.59) 234 Niścala quotes Bhaṭṭāra(haricandra)’s svasamhitā ad Cakradatta, jvara 65–68 (a verse on weights); agnimāndya 11–12 (a verse in rucirā metre); sneha 6. The verse quoted by Niścala ad gulma 91 may also be from this samhitā. ### [v2.c32.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.60) 235 Niścala quotes both Bhaṭṭāra(haricandra)’s svasamhitā and Kharanāda; Bhaṭṭāra himself may also refer to Kharanāda (see Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 20.) Indu (ad A.s.Ka.8.17) distinguishes between the views of Haricandra and those of the Kharanādasamhitā. D.Ch. Bhattacharyya expressed the opinion that Haricandra’s own samhitā was written for a royal patron, who is addressed in a recipe couched in an elegant verse, quoted by Niścala. Among the quotations from Haricandra there are many which prove that he wrote a metrical treatise on both nidāna and cikitsā. Indu points out (paribhāṣā 45–48 at the end of his Śaśilekhā ad A.s.Ka.8) that there are contradictions between Haricandra’s own work and his revision of the Kharanādasamhitā and that Haricandra’s rules regarding the preparation of decoctions are not those customarily followed. G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 457) was convinced that Haricandra wrote a Bhaṭṭārasamhitā and a revised version of the Kharanādatantra. ### [v2.c32.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.61) 237 Niścala ad Cakradatta, sneha 6. ### [v2.c32.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.62) 239 Anantakumāra’s work contains sixty-three quotations from Haricandra and one from a work called Vṛddhahariścandra; the latter is not known from other sources. All these quotations are in verse, which seems to indicate that they derive from Haricandra’s own samhitā or the revised Kharanādasamhitā. By far the greater part of the quotations consist of recipes, but two among them describe diseases: a type of fever called śītikā (9.530–534ab), and some varieties of śūla (16.507–510); some interesting recipes are those against jvaratīsāra (14.202–204 and 212) and jalakūrma (17.593–594), indicating that Haricandra was acquainted with those terms. ### [v2.c32.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.63) 241 A verse is quoted (II, p. 541). ### [v2.c32.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.64) 249 Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 30 (he is called nayavid), 52, 55 (called sakalavaidyamānyatama), 56 (called munitulya), 65, 89, 94, 102, 106. Narahari refers to him as Bhaṭṭārahariścandra, Bhaṭṭārakahariścandra and Hariścandra. ### [v2.c32.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.65) 256 The quotations consist of verses; Todara II: 4.238 (on phupphusa); 6.50 (on the examination of the urine); III: 3.175 and 216, 4.596–600, 4.776–777, 4.1071; V: 11.587–591. The verse on the examination of the urine (mūtraparīkṣā) is noteworthy, since it points to an early origin of this type of parīkṣā. ### [v2.c32.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.66) 260 Verses are quoted (p. 515 of ed. g.; p. 853 of ed. f.). ### [v2.c32.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.67) 261 Mentioned as a commentator; the list is based on that found in the Madhukośa. ### [v2.c32.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.68) 262 Candraṭa mentions him, together with Jejjata and Sudhīra, in the introductory verses of his commentory on the Cikitsākalikā. ### [v2.c32.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.69) ²⁶³ Mādhavadravyaguṇa 29.101 mentions him as one of the sources of the work. ### [v2.c32.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.70) ²⁶⁷ R. Śāstrī (1977: 650) says that Haricandra’s great abilities in many areas earned him the epithets bhaṭṭāraka and vidyātaraṅga. P.V. Sharma regards Haricandra as the foremost commentator on the Caraka-saṃhitā (upodghāta 3 to his edition of Śivadāsasena’s commentary on Ca.Sū.). ### [v2.c32.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.71) ²⁶⁸ Quoted in Cat. Madras Nr. 13071: an anonymous commentary on the Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha (compare NCC VI, 397). ### [v2.c32.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.72) 271 Ad Ca.Sū.5.13 and 13.19. 272 Ad A.h.Sū.19.14cd–15: Śrīdāsa calls Haricandra the kāyacikitsitapradhāna. 273 See Niścala ad jvara 5. 274 See Niścala ad gulma 91 (a verse borrowed by Haricandra from a tantrāntara). 275 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 5, 19, 291; rājayakṣman 24–25; plīhayakṛt 19–23. 276 See Niścala ad jvara 203–205 and 235. 277 Viśvaprākaśa 1.5 (ed. by Śīlaskandha Sthavira and Ratnagopāla Bhaṭṭa, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series 37, 2nd ed., Varanasi 1983). Maheśvara, who completed his lexicon in 1111/12, traces his family through six generations back to Haricandra. Jaggi (IV, 16) takes, inadvertantly, Maheśvara's date for that of Haricandra, as did G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 615); the latter, however, corrected his mistake (1934a: 410). 278 P. Cordier (1903a): 619. 279 It is said that he wrote a romance called Mālatī (M. Krishnamachariar, 1989: 146–147). 280 Composed in the seventh century; the passage (Harṣacarita, introductory verse 12) is quoted by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 33), R. Śāstrī (1977: 660) and P.V. Sharma (AVI 204). 281 Composed about A.D. 750 (A.B. Keith, 1973: 150–151; Winternitz III, 50–51), or in the ninth century (S.N. Dasgupta and S.K. De, 1947: 201). See Gauḍavaho 800; the verse is quoted by R. Śāstrī (1977: 650) and P.V. Sharma (AVI 204). 282 Compiled in 1205 (A.B. Keith, 1973: 222; Krishnamachariar, 1989: 385; L.Sternbach, 1974: 16). The Saduktikarṇāmṛta (stanza 2130; quoted by G. Hāldār, Vṛddhatrayī 34) mentions Haricandra in the company of great writers: Subandhu, Kālidāsa, Bhāravi and Bhavabhūti; stanza 1639 is quoted from Harīścandra. 283 Not earlier than the fifteenth century (A.B. Keith, 1973: 222–223; M. Krishnamachariar, 1989: 386–387; L. Sternbach, 1974: 22–23); the verse is quoted by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 33–34). 284 K.N. Pāṇḍey and G.N. Caturvedī's edition (hh) of the Carakasamhitā, sampādakīya 13. 285 He was the author of the Dharmaśarmābhyudaya (NCC IX, 264; S.N. Dasgupta and S.K. De, 1947: 17, note 2; M. Krishnamachariar, 1989: 146–147). 286 S.N. Dasgupta and S.K. De (1947: 17, note 2) agree with this view; G. Hāldār regards him as identical (Vṛddhatrayī 38 and 457) and mentions the name of his author as Rathyādevī (Vṛddhatrayī 36). 287 NCC XII, 27: dating from about A.D. 500. S.N. Dasgupta and S.K. De (1947): 762: Śyāmilaka may have lived between A.D. 800 and 900. See on the work: M. Krishnamachariar (1989): 572. See for a discussion of the date of the work: M. Ghosh (1975): Intr., XXII–XXXII. 288 See M. Ghosh (1975): 123 (English translation) and 84 (Sanskrit text). Compare G.H. Schokker and P.J. Worsley (1976): 13 (English translation). ABI 176. AVI 204–205. P.V. Sharma (1970a): 84. The Pādatāḍitaka belongs to the collection of bhāṇas called Caturbhāṇī. P.V. Sharma (AVI 204–205) is of the opinion that Bhaṭṭāraharicandra may have been a descendant of the Bāhlīka physicians to whom Kāṅkāyana belonged; these Bāhlīkas formed a branch of the Śakas. Compare P.V. Sharma (1970a): 57 and 59, where this author suggests that the termination in -āra is characteristic of Śaka names; the Magabrāhmaṇas, who are of Śaka origin, still bear names ending in this way (P.V. Sharma refers to \*S. Chattopadhyaya, 1967: 60–63, 86–98). 289 M. Krishnamachariar (1989): 146–147. 290 Jejjata's posteriority to Haricandra was known to Vijayarakṣita, who remarks (ad Mādhavanidāna 28.3) that Jejjata and Gayadāsa agree with Haricandra's view on a particular ### [v2.c32.73](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.73) subject. Niścala repeatedly brackets together Haricandra and Jejjata; the former's name always precedes that of Jejjata. 291 Ad Ca.Sū.7.45–50. 292 Ad Cakradatta, sneha 6. 293 Harīścandra's anteriority to Vāgbhaṭa is accepted by Atrideva (ABI 226–227) and R. Śāstrī (1977: 650, 659–661). B. Rama Rao (1992: 299) presumes that Harīścandra and Vāgbhaṭa were contemporaries because they do not refer to each other. 294 Vijayarakṣita refers to Bhaṭṭāraharicandra's exposition on the tantrayuktis in his comment ad Mādhavanidāna 1.4. 295 The Suśrutasamhitā and the works ascribed to Vāgbhaṭa also discuss the tantrayuktis at the end. However, Śrīdāsapaṇḍita discusses the tantrayuktis at the beginning of his commentary on the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasamhitā. Cakrapāṇidatta's reference to Haricandra in the Siddhīsthāna of the Carakasamhitā (Si.12.41cd–45ab) does not prove that Haricandra commented on Dṛḍhabala's text. Haridattaśāstrin (\*Śrī Bhaṭṭāraka Haricandra, Āyurveda Sammelana Patrikā 3, 4, 20–27) regarded Haricandra as anterior to Dṛḍhabala, but G.N. Mukherjee (1934a: 411–412), B. Rama Rao (1992: 299) and P.V. Sharma (AVI 20) tend to the view that he is later than Dṛḍhabala. 296 Ad Ca.Ci.24.3–5. 297 A study of all the quotations from Haricandra's commentary may throw more light on this point. 298 G.N. Mukherjee (1934a: 406–414) accepts Maheśvara's genealogy and places Haricandra in the first half of the tenth century. Compare E. Haas (1876a: 647–650), who regards Maheśvara's work as unauthentic. 299 Sāhasāṅka is identified as Candragupta II Vikramāditya by Atrideva (1978: 42), R. Śāstrī (1977: 659–661), V. Śukla (I, 48), and Yādavaśarman (upodghāta to ed. z of the Carakasamhitā, 13), as one of his successors, living in the fifth century, by the editors of the Gulabkunverba edition of the Carakasamhitā (I, 114) and Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, pages dha-na), as Yaśodharman of Mālwā, who defeated the Hūṇa chief Mihirakula, by P.V. Sharma (AVI 204; 1970a: 83–84), as Narendradeva of Bengal by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 32–36 and 456), and as Śrīcandradeva of Kanauj by H.H. Wilson (1984: III, 215–216; see V.V.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey, 1975: 3, and C. Vogel, 1965: 14–15). 300 See V.V.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey (1975): 2–3. 301 Their identity (the Jain author Haricandra and the author of the inscription excepted) is accepted by Atrideva (ABI 175–176), D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 150), the Gulabkunverba edition of the Carakasamhitā (I, 112–114), Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page dha), P.V. Sharma (AVI 204–205), R. Śāstrī (1977: 659–661), and V. Śukla (I, 48). The medical author Haricandra is earlier than the seventh century if he is the same as the Haricandra referred to in Bāṇa's Harṣacarita. 302 P.V. Sharma (AVI 205; 1970a: 84) is of the opinion that Haricandra, who was a sun-worshipper (according to the maṅgala of his commentary), may have lived in Ujjayinī, where many temples dedicated to Sūrya were found. Atrideva (ABI 176) and R. Śāstrī (1977: 659–660) mention Ujjayinī as Haricandra's place of residence because Rājaśekhara connects Haricandra with Viśālā, i.e., Ujjayinī, in his Kāvyamīmāṃsā (10.22; quoted by R. Śāstrī, 1977: 660), a work that also mentions king Sāhasāṅka of Ujjayinī (10.2; see Winternitz III, 642). G.N. Mukherjee (1934a: 406) states that Maheśvara's Sāhasāṅkacarita mentions Haricandra as the royal physician to Sāhasāṅka, king of Gādhipura (Kanyakubja according to Hemacandra's Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 4.40, ed. 1964; Kānyakubja according to N.N. Bhattacharyya, 1991: 129, and N. Dey, 1979: 60; identified as Gazipur by others). R. Śāstrī (1977: 650, 660) regards Haricandra as the royal physician to Candragupta II Vikramāditya, and interprets the Vetālabhaṭṭa, enumerated among the nine gems at his court in the Jyotirvidābharaṇa, as referring to him. ### [v2.c32.74](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.74) 304 NCC VI, 396–397. Gulabkunverba I, (22). 305 CC: not recorded. B. Rama Rao (1992: 303) mentions that he is also called Sarvahitami-tradatta. 306 Ad Ca.Ci.3. 216–217. 307 Cakrapāṇidatta (ad Ca.Ci.3.216–217) agrees with Jejjata, but mentions Bhāsadatta instead of Himadatta (compare: Bhāsadatta). 308 AVI 176 and 207. B. Rama Rao (1992: 303) also claims that Himadatta commented on the Aṣṭāngahṛdaya. 309 Vṛddhatrayī 43 and 276. 310 Bhūmikā (21) to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā. 311 Gulabkunverba I, (22). 312 NCC II, 264. Both forms of the name are used indiscriminately by those who quote him. P. Cordier (1903b: 331) mentions the names Īśāna, Īśānadeva and Īśanasena. Niścala (ad Cakradatta, unmāda 29–30) refers on one single occasion to Īśanasena; a variant reads, however, Īśarasena. 313 Authors agreeing with this view are: D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b: 139), P. Cordier (1903b: 331), Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha), C.G. Kashikar (1977: 163), G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 615), P.V. Sharma (AVI 213), and B. Tripāṭhī (bhūmikā, 21, to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā). G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 464) regarded him as a commentator on the Carakasamhitā and Mādhavanidāna. 314 See: Niścalakara. 315 Ad Mādhavanidāna 33.4; ad Siddhayoga 1.233; 10.23–28; 19.1; 22.5; 37.17; 81.17, 18, 19; 82.27. 316 Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.34–36ab; 22.22–26, 28cd–32ab, 54–56; 23.1–3. 317 Ad Mādhavanidāna 1.1; 2.34–36ab; 22.22–26, 28cd–32ab, 54–56; 23.1–3; 24.6–10. 318 The list of the Bṛhannighaṇṭuratnākara is based on that found in the Madhukośa. 319 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, madātyaya 11–12; unmāda 39–43; apasmāra 7–8; udara 11; vraṇaśotha 99; vireka 6. Īśāna sometimes agrees with Jejjata; see Niścala ad atī-sāra 164; unmāda 29–30; sneha 21–22. 320 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, unmāda 39–43; apasmāra 7–8; vraṇaśotha 99. 321 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, udara 11 and vamana 16. 322 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, jvara 65–68. 323 D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b): 139. 324 AVI 213. See on Tripurā or Tripurī: N.N. Bhattacharyya (1991); N. Dey (1979). 325 AVI 213. Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 464. 326 P. Cordier (1903b): 331. 327 Īśāna is assigned to the eleventh–twelfth (Vṛddhatrayī 464), twelfth (AVI 213), twelfth–thirteenth (Vṛddhatrayī 54), or thirteenth century (B. Tripāṭhī, bhūmikā, 21, to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā). ### [v2.c32.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.75) 328 NCC II, 279. 329 AVI 209. D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b): 139. Haridattaśarman's upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page pha. HIM III, 615. Vṛddhatrayī 58. 330 Ad Ca.Ci.15.88–93 (Cakra accepts Īśvarasena's statement); Si.1.20–22ab. 331 Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 106. 332 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 5 and 64. See also Niścala ad unmāda 29–30, where Īśanasena is quoted (a variant reads Īśvarasena). 333 Ad Siddhayoga 81.52. 334 Ad Mādhavanidāna 1.1; 1.7 (a statement of Īśvarasena is extensively discussed in the Mā-dhukośa). 335 This list is based on that of the Madhukośa. 336 AVI 176 and 209. Vṛddhatrayī 54, 58, 277. 337 According to the Vaidyakulapañjikā, i.e., Bharatamallika's Candraprabhā (Vṛddhatrayī 58). 338 Cakrapāṇidatta (ad Ca.Si.1.20–22ab) mentions Aṅgiri, Saindhava, Jejjata, Īśvarasena. Niścala (ad Cakradatta, jvara 64) enumerates Vāgbhaṭa, Kapilabala, Ravigupta, Īśvarasena, Gadādhara, Govardhana, Cakradatta, and Bakulakara; Svāmidāsa precedes Īśvarasena in Niścala's Ratnaprabhā ad jvara 5. 339 A. Pandey and K. Raghunathan (1976c: 155–157) consider Īśvarasena to be a contemporary of Gadādhara, Kārtikakuṇḍa and Vāpyacandra, to be assigned to the seventh or eighth century. B. Rama Rao (1992: 305) regards Īśvarasena, who might have hailed from Bengal, as a contemporary of Gadādhara and probably also of Kārtikakuṇḍa. P.V. Sharma places him in the tenth century. R. Śāstrī (1977: 649, 657–662) regards him as identical with the Buddhist Īśvarasena who was a pupil of Diṅnāga (placed by him in the period A.D. 345–425) and the teacher of Dharmakīrti. The dates of G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 54 and 58: eleventh or twelfth century) and B. Tripāṭhī (bhūmikā, 21, to ed. II of the Carakasamhitā: eleventh century) have to be discarded because Cakrapāṇidatta quotes him. 340 NCC: not recorded. P. Cordier (1903b): 331. C.G. Kashikar (1977): 163. 341 NCC VI, 396–397; VII, 145, 301, 317. Check–list Nr. 173. STMI 89–90. 342 Called thus in the colophons of the edition of the commentary. 343 The Check–list records two MSS: Madras Nr. R 2983 and Trivandrum Nr. T 850; STMI mentions the Madras MS only. 344 Compare P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): 87; I was unable to verify all the details mentioned by P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma, since many pages are missing from my own copy of the edition, based on the Madras MS (and with numerous restorations of the text by the editor): carakasamhitā, mahāmahopādhyāyacarakarānanāśrīcakrapā-ṇidattaviracitayā āyurvedadīpikāvyākhyayā (tathā cikitsāsthānataḥ siddhisthānaṃ yāvat) śrī vāgbhaṭaśiṣyācāryavarajajjataviracitayā nirantarapadavyākhyayā ca saṃvalitā,... śrīha-ridattaśāstriṇā saṃśodhitā, pūritajajjaṭaṭīkāṭruṭitāṃśabhāgā ca, 2 vols, 2nd ed., Bombay Saṃskṛt Press, Lahore 1940/1941. 345 Apart from Bhaṭṭarahariścandra, Jejjata quotes the hariścandraḥ. Bhaṭṭara(hariścandra) and Jejjata sometimes agree (see Niścala's commentary on the Cakradatta ad jvara 5, 19, 291; rājayakṣman 24–25; plīhayakṛt 19–23), sometimes disagree (Niścala ad jvara 5, 203–205, 235). 346 Bhoja is also referred to in a quotation from Jejjata found in Niścala's Ratnaprabhā (ad jvara 188). ### [v2.c32.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.76) 347 A commentator on the Carakasamhitā; Jejjata is the only author who mentions him. 348 Those adhering to the Suśrutasamhitā; they are also called sausrutāḥ (Ci.23.250–253). 349 Compare the samaptikāra, also quoted by Jejjata. 350 A commentator on the Carakasamhitā. 351 See also the quotation from Jejjata in Niścala's Ratnaprabhā ad Cakradatta, jvara 20. 352 Dṛḍhabala, who completed the Carakasamhitā. 353 The science of cooking is called sūdaśāstra. 354 P.V. Sharma (1968: 376) adds Ci.3.285–286. 355 A treatise on toxicology (agadatanatra). 356 A comparison with Cakrapāṇidatta's comment on the same verses learns that this is Kṣīrasvāmidatta. 357 This list is incomplete, since a considerable number of pages is missing from my copy of the edition of Jejjata's commentary. 358 See the list in his edition of Jejjata's commentary. 359 Probably the kārikās of the Mahābhāṣya. 360 AVI 158–159 and 207–208. P.V. Sharma (1968): 376. The quotation from Vāgbhaṭa is not traceable in Jejjata's commentary on the verses referred to (Ca.Ci.3.197–200ab), but is found among Cakra's remarks. 361 P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): 88–89. 362 See the Introduction (XVI, XXI) to his translation of the Aṣṭāngahṛdaya. 363 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, karṇaroga 30. 364 Jejjata also refers to those who follow Bhaṭṭārakahariścandra's views (Ci.3.149cd–155ab). 365 An authority called Pitāmaha is also mentioned (Si.4.52–54). 366 It is doubtful whether this is a separate school; P.V. Sharma (AVI 207) assumes that a commentator, called Śivasaindhava, is meant. 367 Cakrapāṇidatta knows about the disputed nature of the verses, but, regarding them as ārṣa on the authority of the kāśmīrāḥ and others, decides to comment on them a little bit. 368 Ca.Ci.3.211–214 is regarded as ārṣa by Cakra. 369 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, raktapitta 17 (= Ca.Ci.4.66). 370 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): 94. V.V.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey (1975a: 116–122) assume that Jejjata based his commentary on the Agniveśatantra as it was before its redaction by Caraka and Dṛḍhabala, on the ground that he quotes some verses which are not found in the Carakasamhitā; these authors had probably the verses in mind in Jejjata's comment to Ca.Ci.3.63–67, which, even if they are from the Agniveśatantra, do not warrant such a far-reaching conclusion. Jejjata's remarks to Ci.30.127cd–132 prove, however, that he had a critical attitude towards Dṛḍhabala's text, which may point to his acquaintance with an earlier version. 371 See P.V. Sharma's Introduction (XVI) to his edition and translation of the Carakasamhitā; This is the only reference to a drug called pullāsa in the Carakasamhitā; Jejjata remarks that it grows in the North (auttarāpathika). 372 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma: Appendix VI of their article on Jejjata (1972: 97). 373 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): Appendix IV. 374 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): Appendix V. 375 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): Appendix III. 376 See P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972): Appendix VII. Jejjata's views on the pippalīvardhamānarasyana (ad Ca.Ci.1³.32–35) are important and followed by Cakrapāṇidatta and later commentators. ### [v2.c32.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.77) 377 Niścala's Ratnaprabhā on the Cakradatta repeatedly refers to agreements between Cakrapāṇidatta and Jejjata; examples are Niścala's comments ad gulma 57–59 and 62; udara 11 and 31–38; kuṣṭha 111–115; kṣudraroga 1; vamana 9; vireka 17. Disagreements are also recorded; see, for example, Niścala ad grahaṇī 50–54; apasmāra 31–32; vātavyādhi 2; śotha 8; vraṇaśotha 99; visarpa 3–4 and 18; nīrūha 26–27. 378 See Niścala ad Cakradatta, unmāda 34–37. 379 A single MS, containing part of the commentary on the Uttaratantra of the Suśrutasamhitā, is known (NCC VII, 317; STMI 89). 380 P. Cordier (1903b): 334. 381 S. Dasgupta (1975): II, 428. 382 P. Cordier and S. Dasgupta are mistaken, since Dalhaṇa, in his commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā, refers to the Bṛhat- and Laghupañjikā as two separate works of authors whose readings of a particular verse (Su.Sū.45.157) differ from the reading accepted by Jejjata. Rudrapārasava, who edited the Aṣṭāngasamgraha with Indu's Śaśilekhā, had, according to D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1974a: 112, note 1), access to Jejjata's Nirantarapadī commentary on Suśruta and printed many notes from it in vols. II and III of his edition. 383 Jejjata is the first one among the commentators on the Suśrutasamhitā referred to by Dalhaṇa at the beginning of his commentary. 384 Dalhaṇa usually prefers Gayadāsa's readings to those of Jejjata. 385 Ad Su.Ni.5.16. 386 This assertion is found in H. Parāḍkar's Vāgbhaṭavimarśa (15). P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972: 86 and 90), see also AVI 175 and 207–208), as well as V.S.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey (1975a: 116 and 120), and B. Rama Rao (1992: 290), are of the opinion that Jejjata commented on the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasamhitā. 387 The orthography of his name varies: Jaḍa (Gayadāsa; see on the identity of Jaḍa and Jejjata: A.F.R. Hoernle, 1906a: 301; J. Jolly, 1904: 116, and 1906: 413–414; the fact that Gayadāsa sometimes refers to Jejjata as Jaḍa means, according to B. Rama Rao, that Gayadāsa regarded him as an idiot; see B. Rama Rao, 1992: 301), Jaijjata (Ādhamalla, Kāśīrāma, Narahari, Śrīkaṇṭhadatta, Ṭoḍara, Trimalla, Vopadeva), Jaijjaṭa (Viṭṭhala), Jaijjhaṭa (Vopadeva), Jaiyaṭa (Bhāvamiśra), Jaiyyaṭa (Ṭoḍara), Jajjaṭa (colophons of the Nirantarapadavyākhyā; Nilamegha), Jajjaṭṭa (Narahari's commentary on the Aṣṭāngahṛdaya), Jarjaṭa (Anantakumāra; Rudrapārasava's edition of Indu's Śaśilekhā), Jayyaṭa (Ṭoḍara), Jejjata (Cakrapāṇidatta, Dalhaṇa, Narahari, Vijayarakṣita), Jejjaḍa (Niścalakara, Śivadāsasena), and Jejjhaṭa (Dalhaṇa, Śivadatta). 388 Ad Śārngadharasamhitā I.1.6; III.3.14. 389 Ad Rasendrasārasamgraha, upadamśa 1–2. 390 In a gloss, added to Yogaratnasamuccaya, dravyādhikāra 989. 391 Bhāvaprakāśanighaṇṭu, dugdhavarga 32; glosses to Bhāvaprakāśa II.1.9 and 734–735; gloss to II.6.32. 392 Ad Ca.Si.1.20cd–22ab. 393 In the commentary on the Cikitsākalikā: introduction, 161–162, 191–192, 221–222; in the Suśrutapāṭhaśuddhi. 394 About 160 quotations and references. 395 Ad Su.Ni.4.5; 5.8; 5.16, twice; 6.15–19 and 20ab; 7.24. 396 Ad A.h.Sū.1.1; 2.11cd–12ab; 6.75cd–78, 99cd; 7.40–41ab; 8.28. ### [v2.c32.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.78) 397 See Indu's commentaries. 398 Ad A.h.U.39.97–98ab; 40.1–2ab, 36, 38, 39–40. 399 See: Nidānadīpikā. 400 Ad Śārṅgadharasamhitā II.9.8. 401 Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 26, 39, 50, 52, 71, 75, 76, 85, 102, 111 (from the commentary on the Suśrutasamhitā), 36 (twice) and 86 (from the commentary on the Carakasamhitā), 39 and 97 (undetermined). 402 See: Niścala. 403 Ad Ca.Sū.6.4. 404 Ad A.h.U.18.59cd–66. 405 Ad pāṇīyavarga 25; kṣīravarga 37; madyādivarga 5; kṛtānnavarga 38. 407 Ad Śivakoṣa 441. 408 Ad Mādhavanidāna 35.22d–24; 40.11cd–16; 46.2–3ab; 49.17cd–23ab, 25cd–30, 37–39. 409 Ad Siddhayoga 1.254; 4.25–26 and 30–35; 6.19ab and 33–42; 10.11–13; 15.17; 20.24–27; 22.72; 34.11–17; 41.49; 44.5, 27, 32; 47.21; 49.1; 58.29–31; 61.60, 68, 118; 62.42; 71.10; 73.21; 74.33; 76². 1–2; 80.1. 410 Ad Vaidyajīvana 1.46. 411 Āyurvedasaukhya I: 6.36; II: 2.85–86, 4.50 and 7.417; III: 4.783; IV: 4.9; V: 13.79; IX: 1.424–425 (in verse). 412 Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī 106.75. 413 Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.34–36ab, 37–38 and 42–47; 8.8–10; 9.6–7ab; 10.21–29ab; 12.8, 11–14, 18–20, 35–36; 16.10; 17.6; 18.22cd; 19.7; 20.4, 5, 29; 22.6–8 and 70cd–72; 24.1–5; 28.2, 3, 15–16; 29.2. 414 Ad Mādhavanidāna 1.1, 4, 5d–6, 11–13; 2.2, 3, 10–11, 18–23, 24, 26–30ab, 30cd–31ab, 37–38, 39, 40, 42–47, 59–61ab, 61cd–65, 66cd–74ab; 3.4, 9–10, 14–19, 20; 5.3–4; 6.5–6 and 23; 8.1, 8–10, 11, 12–15, 19cd–21ab; 9.6–7ab and 12–14; 10.2 and 21–29ab; 11.12–13; 12.8, 11, 18–20, 27–34, 35–36; 16.10; 17.6 and 14–15ab; 18.9 and 22; 19.8; 20.4, 5, 26, 29–30; 22.6–9, 37cd–38ab, 58cd–59ab, 70cd–72; 24.1–5; 28.2, 3, 15–16; 29.2 and 6. 415 Ad Siddhamantra 5, 14, 15ab, 39, 100, 123, 142. 416 Yogaratnākara 606 (on karṇasaharitakī). 417 See P.V. Sharma (1993): Intr. 54. 418 See the colophons of Jejjaṭa's commentary ad Ca.Ci.4 (mahājahnuvati) and 24 (mahājahnupati). 419 D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947a): 122. 420 P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972: 89) regard it as the place where Jejjaṭa lived. 421 Atrideva (1978): 43. D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947a): 122. Gulabkunverba I, 116–117. Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page na). V. Śukla I, 48–49. It is sometimes specified that Jejjaṭa was a pupil of the Vāgbhaṭa who wrote the Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha (see V.S.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey, 1975a: 117; Vṛddhatrayī 44). 422 G. Hāldār criticizes this colophons of Jejjaṭa's commentary as being written by Haridattaśāstrin and therefore unreliable (Vṛddhatrayī 44–46). P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972: 89) are opposed to it because they consider the colophons to be untrustworthy and also because Jejjaṭa quotes Bhaṭṭāraharicandra. See also P.V. Sharma (1968): 348–349; (1970a): 86. ### [v2.c32.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.79) 523 See the second introductory verse of Nīlamegha's auto-commentary on the Tantrayuktivicāra; this verse is quoted by N.S. Mooss (1979: Intr.), Rudrapārāśava in the upodghāta (4) to his ed. of the Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha, and by C. Vogel (1965: 14); see for its translation V.S.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey (1975a: 118). P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma (1972: 89) regard Indu as much later than Jejjaṭa. ### [v2.c32.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.80) 524 It is unknown to me who advanced this hypothesis for the first time. It is referred to by G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 43–44), Haridattaśarman (upodghāta to ed. ee of the Carakasamhitā, page na), and V.S.S. Sastry and A.N. Pandey (1975a: 116), who do not commit themselves (G. Hāldār accepts the view that Jejjaṭa was Kaiyaṭa's father at Vṛddhatrayī 461). P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma regard the hypothesis as not improbable; the only point against it is in their opinion that the name of Kaiyaṭa's father is spelt as Jaiyaṭa; this objection is, however, not valid since Jejjaṭa is sometimes referred to as Jaiyaṭa; the only point in favour is that Jejjaṭa was a good grammarian, acquainted with the Mahābhāṣya. Gananāthaśarman records a tradition saying that Kaiyaṭa and Mammaṭa were Jejjaṭa's brothers (upodghāta 8 to ed. b of the Bhānumatī). ### [v2.c32.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.81) 525 Gulabkunverba I, 116–117. ### [v2.c32.82](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.meulenbeld-1999.v2.c32.82) 526 P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma are convinced that Jejjaṭa belonged to Kaśmīr, a region mentioned several times in his commentary according to these authors (they refer to passages mentioning the kāśmīrāḥ, which does not prove their point, and to a single passage in which a region, called Pañcagaṅgā, is described as being beautiful; P.V. Sharma and G.P. Sharma identify Pañcagaṅgā as a place in Kaśmīr). Compare P.V. Sharma (1968): 348–349. P.V. Sharma (1985e, Intr. 4) refers to a passage in Jejjaṭa's commentary (said to be found in his comment ad Ca.Ci.30.127–132, but absent there, where he, somewhat reluctantly, follows the kāśmīrāḥ; this need not mean that Jejjaṭa was a Kashmiri himself. It is also said (see Gulabkunverba I, 117; B. Rama Rao, 1992: 301) that the ending -ṭa of Jejjaṭa's name, being common among inhabitants of Kaśmīr, may point to his having been born in that region. The fact that Jejjaṭa usually rejects the readings adopted by the kāśmīrāḥ may eliminate Kaśmīr as the region where he lived and worked. Jejjaṭa refers in his commentary to several regions of India: Dakṣiṇāpatha (Ci.30.90cd–96ab), Dakṣiṇāvarta (Ci.28.252), Pūrvadeśa (Ci.26.220), Saurāṣṭra (Ci.30.73cd–84ab) and Uttarāpatha (Ci.23.250–253; 24.136–164ab; 30.73cd–87ab and 90cd–96ab). _First 81 of 116 passages. 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