A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c43.s30.t2: Contents
A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c43.s30.t2
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Contents
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The first part of the *Gadanigraha*, the prayogakhanda, counting 2,700 verses ¹²⁹⁹ and thus covering about a quarter of the whole treatise, is divided into six adhikaras, on ghrta, taila, curna, gutika, leha, and asava ¹³⁰⁰ respectively. Its structure therefore closely resembles Candrata's *Yogaratnasamuccaya*, which is composed of eight adhikaras, namely ghrta, taila, curna, gutika, avaleha, gadasanti, pancakarman, and kalpa. The chapter on asavas is new in Sodhala's work; a chapter on kalpa and a section (khanda) on pancakarman form part of the *Gadanigraha* too.
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¹²⁹⁹ ...
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¹³⁰⁰ ...
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Sodhala mentions his sources by name in part of the ghrtadhikara only, up to verse 252ab. The authorities mentioned are: Agnivesa (32cd–35ab; 40cd–43ab; 66cd–68ab; 92–94; 150–153; 158–161; 162–168; 194–197), Bheda (72–76; 77–86ab; 95–101; 200–207), Cikitsakalika (233–234), Harita (43cd–47ab; 47cd–49; 50–54ab; 54cd–60ab; 68cd–71; 89–91; 154; 185–187ab; 208–211), Jatukarna (169–176ab), Kharanada (102–108ab; 242cd–249ab), Krsnatreya (114cd–118; 176–183ab; 198–199; 222–225ab; 225cd–230), Ksarapani (183–184), Siddhasara (64cd–66ab), tantrantara (249cd–252ab), Vagbhata (108cd–111ab; 155; 156–157), Vaideha (124–129), and Videha (212–217).
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This procedure is surprising and hard to explain. P.V. Sharma ¹³⁰¹ believes that Sodhala indicated these sources according to what he found in Candrata's *Yogaratnasamuccaya*, but that, as Candrata refers to his sources from beginning to end, only a defective copy of the *Yogaratnasamuccaya* was at Sodhala's disposal.
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¹³⁰¹ ...
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Other sources of Sodhala may have been Vrnda's *Siddhayoga*, ¹³⁰² Cakrapani's *Cikitsasamgraha*, ¹³⁰³ and Vangasena's treatise.¹³⁰⁴
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¹³⁰² ...
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¹³⁰³ ...
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¹³⁰⁴ ...
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One formula ¹³⁰⁵ is said to derive from Lokasena, a resident of the Nandavihara, who transmitted it to a bhiksu.
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¹³⁰⁵ ...
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Interesting names of drugs found in chapters to one of the prayogakhanda are: brahmavinirmita (curna 156), ¹³⁰⁶ candrapriya (gutika 452), ¹³⁰⁷ dhurtapatni (gutika 447), ¹³⁰⁸ ghotaka (ghrta 384), ¹³⁰⁹ indrika (ghrta 371), ¹³¹⁰ jivani (taila 365), ¹³¹¹ jvalamukhi (taila 524), ¹³¹² kamsella (leha 45), ¹³¹³ kutasalmali (curna 416), ¹³¹⁴ mahaparpataka (taila 375), ¹³¹⁵ mahotika (taila 339), ¹³¹⁶ parsucchinna (taila 524), ¹³¹⁷ saraka (curna 435), ¹³¹⁸ sitapuspa (gutika 13), ¹³¹⁹ sudhakarakhya (curna 323), ¹³²⁰ sumarkati (ghrta 397), ¹³²¹ vardhiphala (curna 297), ¹³²² vranarohini (taila 365), ¹³²³ vrddhaila (curna 44), ¹³²⁴ and yaksahastaka (ghrta 425). ¹³²⁵
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¹³¹⁶ ...
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¹³¹⁹ ...
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¹³²⁰ ...
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¹³²¹ ...
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¹³²² ...
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¹³²³ ...
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¹³²⁴ ...
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¹³²⁵ ...
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The chapter on āsavas presents some interesting features. It describes the nine sources of āsavas (20–21), i.e., tvac, pattra, kāṇḍa, puṣpa, sāra, mūla, phala, dhānya, and sitā (sugar); it proceeds with giving details on these nine types. It enumerates six types made of dhānya (122), twenty-six of phala (23–25), eleven of mūla (26–27), twenty of sāra (27cd–28), ten of puṣpa (29–30ab), four of kāṇḍa (30cd), two of pattra (31ab), four of tvac (31cd), and one of sitā (32a). One of the āsavas, namely the varuṇāsava (324–336), is a contribution by Soḍhala himself, as indicated by the author.
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Noteworthy drugs prescribed in the āsava chapter of the prayogakhaṇḍa of the Gadanigraha are: 1326 ākallaka (296; 319; 331), 1327 babbūlī (132), 1328 balābīja (294 and 317), dhamāsaka (267), 1329 gajaśeluka (297), 1330 hārahūrā (368), kabāba (319 and 332), kalauñjī (316), 1331 kāyaphala (267), 1333 kubjaka (281), mācikā (142 and 185), mastakī (249), 1334 nepālī (243), 1335 posta (317), 1336 uṭiṅgaṇa (296), 1337 and vijayā (320), 1338 Kuliñjana 1339 is found in another chapter (leha 342). The term arka is met with in this treatise for the very first time (āsava 271–274). 1340 P.V. Sharma claims that opium is also prescribed. 1341
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The greater part (7,354 verses) of the Gadanigraha is composed of nine khaṇḍas on kāyacikitsā, śālākyatantra, śalyatantra, bhūtavidyā, kaumāratantra, viṣatantra, rasāyanatantra, vājīkaraṇatantra, and pañcakarman.
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The diseases are systematically assigned to one of the aṅgas, which is a new feature, and their order only partially agrees with the Mādhavanidāna for this reason, though Soḍhala basically accepted the latter work as authoritative and incorporated the whole of it in his own treatise. The differences between Mādhava and Soḍhala are only of a minor nature. The chapters on vṛddhi and vidradhi interchanged their places. Mādhava's chapters on unmāda and apasmāra were transferred to the khaṇḍa on bhūtavidyā; the chapter on unmāda was divided into two, one on bhūtonmāda, the other on unmāda. The arrangement of the chapters on śālākya differs from Mādhava's; their order is śiro-, karṇa-, netra-, nāsā-, and mukharoga. The khaṇḍa on śalya has ten chapters: granthy-apacy-arbuda-galagaṇḍa, ślīpada, vraṇaśopha-dvivraṇīya, sadyovraṇa, bhagna, nāḍīvraṇa, bhagandara, upadaṃśa, śūkadoṣa, and kṣudraroga, which means that Soḍhala accepted Mādhava's order, but made the latter's two chapters on vraṇaśotha and śārīravraṇa into one. It should be noted that the chapter on vidradhi is to be found in the khaṇḍa on kāyacikitsā and not in that on śalya, though it forms part of a series of śalya chapters in the Mādhavanidāna.
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The matter dealing with kaumāratantra was not only slightly rearranged by Soḍhala, in comparison with Mādhava's work, but also expanded. The khaṇḍa on this subject has twelve chapters: pradara, yoniroga, garbhasrāva, mūdhagarbha, vandhyā, yoniśukradoṣa, sūtīkāroga, stanaroga, yonigādhikaraṇa, 1342 yoninirlomīkaraṇa, 1343 bālaroga, and bālagraha. The chapter on yoniroga corresponds to Mādhava's chapter on yonivyāpad and yonikaṇḍa, those on garbhasrāva and mūdhagarbha correspond to Mādhava's chapter on mūdhagarbha, that on stanaroga agrees with Mādhava's chapters on stanaroga and stanyaduṣṭi, and those on bālaroga and bālagraha correspond to Mādhava's chapter on bālaroga. The chapters on vandhyā, yoniśukradoṣa, yonigādhikaraṇa and yoninirlomīkaraṇa, which have no verses on nidāna, are
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¹³²⁶ [Text of the note]
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¹³²⁷ [Text of the note]
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¹³²⁸ [Text of the note]
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¹³²⁹ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁰ [Text of the note]
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¹³³¹ [Text of the note]
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¹³³³ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁴ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁵ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁶ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁷ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁸ [Text of the note]
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¹³³⁹ [Text of the note]
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¹³⁴⁰ [Text of the note]
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¹³⁴¹ [Text of the note]
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¹³⁴² [Text of the note]
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¹³⁴³ [Text of the note]
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additions.
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The first chapters of the viṣatantra agree with the last chapter of the Mādhavanidāna, while the remaining seven are on therapy. The rasāyanatantra is of a composite nature; its first chapter is about rasāyana, the second (auṣadhikalpa) is concerned with kalpas useful in rasāyana, the third (bheṣajakalpa) is on various pharmaceutical preparations and measures, the fourth treats of dinacaryā, and the fifth of ṛtucaryā.
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The sources of the verses contained in these nine khaṇḍas are indicated in a few instances: Vṛddhavāgbhaṭa (kāya 1.450–451), Suśruta (1.461–462), and Vāgbhaṭa (1. 547–549). Parts of the second chapter of the rasāyanatantra (auṣadhikalpa) have been taken from the Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha. 1344
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The Gadanigraha is quoted in Hariprapanna's Rasayogasāgara, Jayaratna's Jvaraparājaya, 1345 Viśvanātha Dvivedī's Rasendrasambhava, Yādavji Trikamjī's Rasāmṛta, and in the Yogaratnākara. It is one of the sources of Āryadāsa Kumārasimha's Kvāthamaṇimālā, Devasimha Viṭṭhal's Bṛhadāsavāriṣṭasamgraha and of the Rasoddhāratantra.