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A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c50.s3: The Mantrakaṇḍa

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c50.s3

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English

The Mantrakaṇḍa

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The Mantrakaṇḍa37 is arranged in seven subdivided chapters:38 (1) sarvavaśyādīpativaśya:39 (a) sarvavaśya (subjugating all creatures), (b) rājavaśya (subjugating the king),40 (c) strīvaśya (subjugating women),41 (d) liṅgalepana (anointing the penis), (e) strīdṛāvaṇa (luring women), (f) pativaśya (subjugating one's husband); (2) ākarṣaṇādistambhana: (a) ākarṣaṇa (attraction),42 (b) stambhana (immobilization),43 (c) agnistambha (immobilizing fire), (d) jalastambhana (immobilizing water); (3) mohanādigṛhakleśanivāraṇa (averting the creation of confusion and domestic troubles): (a) mohana (delusion),44 (b) uccāṭana (extirpation or eradication),45 (c) māraṇa (killing),46 (d) vidveṣaṇa (causing dissension),47 (e) vyādhikaraṇa (causing illness),48 (f) unmattakaraṇa (causing mental derangement), (g) ṣaṇḍhakaraṇa (causing impo-

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tence), (h) bhagabandhana (sealing the vagina), (i) gṛhakleśanivāraṇa (averting evils from the house); (4) kautūhalāni (conjuring tricks); (5) yakṣiṇīsādhana (conjuring up a yakṣiṇī); (6) añjanādīpūḍukasādhana: (a) añjana (ointments), (b) adṛṣṭa (invisibility), (c) pāḍukāsādhana (acquiring magic sandals); (7) mṛtasamjīvanādikakṣapuṭi: (a) mṛtasamjīvana (resuscitation),49 (b) nirāhāra (fasting), (c) sāṅgopāṅgaprakāreṇa kakṣapuṭi (the Kakṣapuṭi in all its main and subsidiary parts).50

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This table of contents shows that the Mantrakaṇḍa is chiefly concerned with ṣaṭkarman, the ‘Six Acts’ of Indian magic.51 It is closely related to Nāgārjuna’s Kakṣapuṭa and reproduces some of its verses and mantras. The subjects dealt with in both works are similar.52

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Some MSS of the Mantrakaṇḍa may even contain the text of the Kakṣapuṭa, such as Cat. Madras Nr. 13202, which contains a text in twenty chapters (paṭala) with the following headings: (1) mantrasādhana, (2) sarvalokavaśīkaraṇa, (3) rājavaśya, (4) strīvaśya, (5) pativaśya, (6) ākarṣaṇa, (7) agnijalastambhana, (8) aśanistambhana,53 (9) mohanoccātana, (10) māraṇavidhi, (11) vidveṣaṇādi, (12) mantrīkaraṇa,54 (13) kautukavidhāna, (14) yakṣiṇīmantrasādhana, (15) sarvāñjanasādhana, (16) nidhigrahaṇa, (17) adṛśyakaraṇa, (18) pāḍukāsādhana, (19) mṛtasamjīvinī, and (20) sāṅgopāṅgakaccha-puṭaprakaraṇa.55

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One version of the Kakṣapuṭa56 states in one of its introductory verses that the Mantrakaṇḍa will be expounded; the arrangement of its contents is close to that of the Wellcome MSS of the Mantrakaṇḍa.

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The introductory verses of some texts of the Mantrakaṇḍa refer to the same earlier works, in particular Tantras, as the opening verses of the Kakṣapuṭa.57

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Authorities and works quoted or mentioned in the Rasaratnākara and the glosses on the Rasendrakhaṇḍa are:58 Agastya (II: viṣhoṭa 16–17), the Aśvins (II: raktapitta 52–59; śūla 33–40; kuṣṭha 264–268; amlapitta 68–79; pradara 12–17; yonivyādhi 9–16), Ātreya (II: vraṇasotha 17–25; kuṣṭha 110–117; pradara 23–29ab), Bhārgava (II: kuṣṭha 98–109), Bindusāra (II: raktapitta 34–35), Cakra59 (II: vātavyādhi 161–164), Candranātha (II: śūla 77–85; kuṣṭha 217–226), Caraka (jvara 1–26 and 242–248; visarpa 17), Carpatasiddha (I.1.17),60 Devadeva (II: śūla 24–32), Dhanvantari (II: pariṇāmaśūla 11–17), Dīpikā (I.1.16 and 27–30; 4.48–54),61 Gahanānātha (II: vātarakta 50–57 and 102–109; kuṣṭha 217–226), Gahanānātha (II: udara 90–93; ślīpada 56–65 and 66–70; kuṣṭha 230–231 and 232–235), Gorakṣanātha (IV.4.100), granthāntara (I.10.48–50; II: jvara 121–123, 282–285, 406–411; grahaṇī 45–53, 91–95, 109–116; pāṇḍuroga 79–82), Haramekhalā (II: pāṇḍuroga 83–85), Haramekhalāgrantha (introductory verses V),62 Hārītamuni (II: vātavyādhi 60–87; ślīpada 33–41), Jatūkarṇa (II: gloss ad unmāda 22–25),63 Kākaṇḍeśvarīmata (introductory verses V),64 Kāṅkāyana (II: gulma 12–18), Kāśyapa (II: cakṣūroga 58–63), Kesarin (II: vātarakta 91–95; āmavāta 50–60), Kriyākālāguṇottara (introductory verses V),65 Kṛṣṇātreya (II: vātarakta 40–49), Mahādeva (II: vājīkaraṇa 93–101), Manthānabhairava (IV.3.197), Nāgārjuna (I.1.17; II: amlapitta 49–67; cakṣūroga 36–40; III.5.52), Nārada (II: arśas 75; yonivyādhi 38–45), Niścalakara (II: glosses ad pāṇḍuroga 29–36 and 41–43; sthaulya 27), paragrantha (II: ūrustambha 72–77), Punarvasu (II: bradhnavṛddhi 19), Rasaḥṛdaya (II: gandhakaśuddhi at the end of raktapitta), Rasamaṅgala (I.1.16), 66 Rasaratnākara (II: jvara 124–139 and 286–290; grahaṇī 54–61; mandāgni 53–55; gloss ad kāsa 82–87), 67 Rasārṇava (II: ūrustambha 61–69; introductory verses V), 68 Rasendracūḍāmaṇi (I.10.51–61), 69 Śabdārṇava (II: gloss ad vātavyādhi 161–164), Śaivasiddhānta (II: vājīkaraṇa 179–186), Śambhu (I.1.16; II: visa 19–28; III.16.54 and 18.48), Śaṃkara (II: arśas 75–112; III.12.70), Siddhamata (I.9.47–53), 70 Śiva (III.18.183; IV.1.21ab), Suśruta (I.1.18; II: gloss ad vidradhi 20), Tārā (II: pariṇāmaśūla 28–33), Trivikrama (II: gloss ad pāṇḍuroga 41–43), Trivikramadeva (gloss ad pāṇḍuroga 29–36), Uḍḍīśatantra (introductory verses V), 71 Vāgbhaṭa (I.1.18; II: jvara 105), 72 Vāgbhaṭṭa (I, prose between 10.69ab and cd), Vaidyanātha (II: grahaṇī 27–33), Vaidyasāgara (I.1.18), Vāsudeva (II: vājīkaraṇa 48–60), Viṣṇu (II: pradara 35–41; rasāyana 32–40), Viśvāmitra (II: kṣudraroga 39–45), Yogamuktāvalī (I.1.25–26 and 2.2), 73 Yogaratnākara (II: gandhakaśuddhi at the end of raktapitta; āmavāta 50–60), and Yogaratnākarasamuccaya (II: gandhakaśuddhi at the end of raktapitta).

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Works quoting from or referring to the Rasaratnākara 74 are: Ānandabhāratī’s Ānandamālā, 75 the pariśiṣṭas of the Ānandakanda, the Āyurvediya Khanijavijñāna, Basava’s Śivatattvaratnākara, Bhāvamīśra’s Bhāvaprakāśa, Bheṣajasamhitā, Bṛhannighaṇṭuratnākara, Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasaḥṛdaya, Gulrājśarmamiśra’s commentary on the Āyurvedaprakāśa, Haridattaśāstrin’s commentary on the Rasatarangiṇī, Hazārīlāl Sukul’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, Herambasena’s Gūḍhabodhakasaṃgraha, 76 Jñārasarāma’s version of the Amṛtasāgara, Khare’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, Kūpīpakvarasanirmāṇavijñāna, Mahādeva’s commentary on the Rasapaddhati, Mallinātha’s commentary on the Amarakoṣa, Meghamuni’s Meghavinoda, Nīlakaṇṭha’s Basavarājīya, Pāradasaṃhitā, Rāmacandra’s Rāmavinoda, Rasadhātuprakāśa, Rasakakṣapuṭa, Rasakāmadhenu, Rasaratnasamuccaya, Rasārpavakalpa, 77 Rasasindhu, 78 Rasatattvavivecana, Rasavidyāmahārṇava, Rasāyanasaṃgraha, Rasayogasāgara, Rasendrakalpadruma, Rasendrasambhava, Rasoddhāratantra, the bhasmapīṣṭiprakaraṇa of the Rasoddhāratantra, Āśubodha and Nityanādha Senagupta’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, Devendranātha and Upendranātha Senagupta’s Āyurvedasaṃgraha, Somadevaśarman’s commentaries on the Āyurvedaprakāśa, Ṭodara’s Āyurvedasaukhya, Trimalla’s Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī, Vaidyakasamgraha, Vinodalāla Sena’s Āyurvedavijñāna, and Yogaratnākara.

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Verses from the Rasaratnākara form part of the Ānandakanda and Rasajalanidhi. The Rasaratnākara was one of the sources of the Ma’din al-Shifā’. 79

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A Ratnākara that may or may not be Nityanātha’s Rasaratnākara is quoted or referred to in Ṭodara’s Āyurvedasaukhya, 80 the Rasendrakalpadruma, the Śālīgrāmanighaṇṭu, and Vaidyacintāmaṇi’s Prayogāmṛta.

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Nityanātha is quoted or mentioned in Ānandabhāratī’s Ānandamālā, the Bheṣajasamhitā, Caturbhuja’s commentary on the Rasaḥṛdaya, 81 Dattarāma’s Rasarājasundara, 82 Dattātreya’s Rasacaṇḍāṃśu, 83 Deveśvara’s Rasendraratnakoṣa, 84 Govindaráma’s Rasasaṃgrahasiddhānta, 85 Haridattaśāstrin’s commentary on the Rasatarangiṇī, the Hathayogapradīpikā, Hazārīlāl Sukul’s commentary on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, Herambasena’s Gūḍhabodhakasaṃgraha, the Kāmaratna, Khare’s commentary

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on the Rasaratnasamuccaya, the Lakṣmaṇotsava, Mādhava’s Āyurvedaprakāśa, the Nṛsiṃhanidāna, the Pāradasaṃhitā, Raghunātha’s Sārasaṃgraha, Rāmakṛṣṇa’s Rasarājaśaṃkara, 86 Rāmanātha’s Yogamahārṇava, 87 Rāmasena’s Rasasārāmṛta, the Rasaratnādīpikā, Rasaratnasamuccaya, Rasendracintāmaṇi, Rasendrakalpadruma, 88 Rasendrasārasaṃgraha, Śālagrāma’s Dhanvantari, 89 Śālīnātha’s Rasamañjarī, 90 Ṭodara’s Āyurvedasaukhya, and Trimalla’s Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī. 91

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The Rasaratnākarakṛt is quoted in the Āyurvedaprakāśa.

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Nityanāthasiddha is mentioned in Brahmānanda Bhāratī’s Puruṣārthaprabodha, 92 Raghunātha’s Sārasaṃgraha, and Śrīnivāsa’s Haṭharatnāvalī. 93 A work called Nityanāthīya is quoted in the Basavarājīya.

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