[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947) › c16.167 # Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c16.167 Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c16.167 - **Language:** English ### [c16.167](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16.167) ¹ These Yoga stages of \*Samādhi\* may be compared with the \*Koshas\* of the Upanishads. The doctrine of \*Koshas\* is mentioned in the \*Taittirīya\* Upanishad \[ii, 1–5\], according to which there are five \*Koshas\* or "sheaths" enfolding the soul. The outermost \*Kosha\* is called \*Annamaya\* signifying the body or physical covering of the \*Jīva\* and the natural aspect of individual existence. Next comes the \*Prāṇamaya Kosha\* representing the vital or organic side of an individual's existence. Then come the higher levels of life, the conscious (\*Manomaya\*), and the self-consciousness (\*Vijñānamaya\*), crowned by the \*Ānandamaya Kosha\* marked by bliss, and peace, and \*rasa\*. \*Brahma\* Itself is described as "\*Raso vai sah\*" \[ib., ii, 7\]. The body, \*prāṇa\*, and \*Manas\* may be thus taken to constitute a sort of 'empirical home' for the soul. Only conscious activity is taken over by \*Manas\*. It may also be noted that the Upanishads anticipate the Sāṁkhya-yogic terms \*vijñāna\* or \*ahaṁkāra\* \[cf. \*Bṛi. Upa.\*, i, 5, 3\]. - [Previous: c16.166](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16.166) - [Next: c16.168](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16.168) - [Up: c16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16) ## Linked texts (2) - [Taittirīyopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.taittiriya.2.1) — Sanskrit - [Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.brhadaranyaka.1.5.3) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16.167](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.mookerji-1947.c16.167) · Pramāṇa