[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c11.16 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c11.16 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c11.16 - **Language:** English ### [c11.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11.16) This pattern of families of \*jyotiṣis\* equipped with their own libraries that we can trace in some instances over several centuries was not the norm in South India, though family connections there also obviously had a strong influence. The area that is best known is Kerala, where libraries were maintained at the family \*illam\*, but where new members of the “school” were often recruited from outside the family. The most impressive line is that of Parameśvara⁸ (see Table 16); it can be continued from Acyuta to the middle of the nineteenth century.⁹ Other, lesser lines are known from Kerala; unfortunately, our information from other Dravidian-speaking areas is not detailed enough to discern any such pattern (but see Table 17). - [Previous: c11.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11.15) - [Next: c11.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11.17) - [Up: c11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c11.16) · Pramāṇa