[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.13 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.13 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.13 - **Language:** English ### [c4.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.13) ³ “History,” pp. 536–538. ⁴ The Yajus recension with variants from the Ṛk and the generally unrewarding commentary by Somākara Śeṣanāga was edited by A. WEBER, Über den Vedakalender Namens Jyotisham, Berlin 1862; the text of the Yajus recension along with the non-Yajus verses of the Ṛk recension were edited by G. THIBAUT, “Contributions to the Explanation of the Jyotisha-Vedāṅga,” JAS Bengal 46 (1877), 411–437; the Ṛk recension with a Marāṭhī translation was published by J. B. MOḌAKA of Thana in 1885; both recensions were edited and commented on by BĀRHASPATYA (LĀLA CHOṬELĀL) in the Hindustan Review for 1907 (reprinted Allahabad, 1960) and again, with Somākara’s Bhāṣya on the Yajus, by S. DVIVEDIN (Benares, 1908). The Yajus recension was published with his own Sanskrit commentary and an English version by R. SHAMASASTRY (Mysore, 1936). ⁵ The fundamental interpretation of the JV is D. PINGREE, “The Mesopotamian Origin of Early Indian Mathematical Astronomy,” JHA 4, 1973, 1–12. It has recently been most unconvincingly argued that the two Mesopotamian instruments for measuring time used in this period—the outflowing water-clock (ghaṭikā) and the gnomon (śaṅku)—were indigenous to India; see S. S. LISHK and S. D. SHARMA, “Season Determination through the Science of Sciatherics in Jaina School of Astronomy,” IJHS 12 (1977), 33–44, and “Length of the Day in Jaina Astronomy,” Centaurus 22 (1978), 165–176. - [Previous: c4.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.12) - [Next: c4.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.14) - [Up: c4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.13) · Pramāṇa