[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s2.97 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s2.97 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s2.97 - **Language:** English ### [c4.s2.97](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2.97) The influence of Islamic Ptolemaic theory upon Indian astronomy can be traced back to Muñjāla in the tenth century, but the translation of Persian astronomical treatises in some number into Sanskrit began only in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The works selected for translation were for the most part the products of the School of Marāgha and its descendant at Samarqand; among the treatises so translated were the Zij of Ulugh Beg⁹³ (Jīca Ulugbegī) and al-Qūshjī’s⁹⁴ Risālah dar hay’at (Hayatagrantha⁹⁵). The earliest Sanskrit \*siddhāntas\* to reflect this Islamic influence were composed at the Mughal court at Delhi by Nityānanda⁹⁶ during the reign of Shāh Jahān; he wrote the Siddhāntasindhu for Āsaf Khān in 1628, and the Siddhāntarāja⁹⁷ in 1639. While accepting Islamic parameters and models, Nityānanda presents his material in traditional form and puts forth the claim (copied from the Jñānabhāskara) that this astronomy had originally been revealed to the Yavana (Muslim) by the Sun, who was temporarily incarnate as Romaka (a Roman, or perhaps Qāḍī Zādah al-Rūmī). This Indianized presentation failed to convey to Sanskrit scholars the real superiority of Islamic over Indian astronomy, that is its methodology involving both a reliance on carefully planned and executed observations and a concern with the cinematics of the planetary models. Nityānanda’s efforts produced no discernible effects. - [Previous: c4.s2.96](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2.96) - [Next: c4.s2.98](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2.98) - [Up: c4.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2.97](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s2.97) · Pramāṇa