[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s3.15 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s3.15 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s3.15 - **Language:** English ### [c4.s3.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3.15) Al-Bīrūnī also refers in the India to two karaṇas by Muñjāla.¹²³ The Bṛhanmānasa, whose epoch is 9 March 932, is now lost except for some fragments; but we still possess the Laghumānasa,¹²⁴ which Muñjāla composed later at Prakāśa on the Tāpī in Mahārāṣṭra. This small karaṇa has drawn elements from both the Āryapakṣa (as corrected by Lalla) and the Ārdharātrikapakṣa; it has also, apparently, derived the notion of the second inequality in lunar motion from an Islamic Ptolemaic source. Though it is a karaṇa, the LM does not give epoch positions (apparently one was expected to use those of the Bṛhanmānasa), and its contents are arranged in the form of a siddhānta. There are commentaries on the LM written by Praśastadhara (or Praśastidhara)¹²⁵ (Vivṛti) in Kāśmīra in 958; by Sūryadeva Yajvan (Grahajñānavāsanā) in 1248 at Gaṅgāpura in Cola country;¹²⁶ by Parameśvara (Pārameśvara) at Aśvatthagrāma in Kerala in 1409; and by Yallaya (Kalpalatā) at Skandasomeśvara in Āndhrapradeśa in 1482. - [Previous: c4.s3.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3.14) - [Next: c4.s3.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3.16) - [Up: c4.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3) ## Linked texts (2) - [Bṛhanmānasa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.brhanmanasa) — Muñjāla, Sanskrit - [Laghumānasa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.karana.laghumanasa) — Muñjāla, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s3.15) · Pramāṇa