[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s4.3 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s4.3 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s4.3 - **Language:** English ### [c4.s4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4.3) In fact, the earliest such \*koṣṭhaka\* concerning which we have any information is apparently the \*zīj\* composed by Durlabha¹⁷² at Multān in Sind; its epoch is 932. Our only source of knowledge of this \*zīj\*, however, is al-Bīrūnī's India; and he quotes from the instructions rather than the tables, which presumably accompanied those instructions if the work was indeed a \*zīj\*. - [Previous: c4.s4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4.2) - [Next: c4.s4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4.4) - [Up: c4.s4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s4.3) · Pramāṇa