[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s5.16 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s5.16 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s5.16 - **Language:** English ### [c4.s5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5.16) The earliest such tantra is the Vārṣikatantra²⁴⁴ written by Viḍḍaṇa or Viddaṇa. His own name and that of his father, Mallaya, indicate a Dravidian origin, probably in Mysore whence most of the manuscripts of his work come. The Vārṣikatantra was written before 1370 since it is quoted by Ekanātha in his commentary on Bhāskara’s KK. It consists of eleven adhyāyas in a somewhat unusual order: dhruvamadhya (= madhyama), grahagatinirṇaya (= sphuṭa), chāyā (= tripraśna), candragrahaṇa, sūryagrahaṇa, valilekhana (= parilekha), mahāpāta, udayāstamaya, grahayuti, bhagrahayuti, and śṛṅgonnati. A manuscript was acquired in the Karṇāṭaka and brought to Bikāner in Rājasthān by the Mahārāja Anūpasimha²⁴⁵ in about 1675; there the work was revised by the court astronomer, Virasimha, in 1678, and a set of koṣṭhakas calculated for it. - [Previous: c4.s5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5.15) - [Next: c4.s5.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5.17) - [Up: c4.s5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5) ## Linked texts (1) - [Karaṇakutūhala](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.karana.karanakutuhala) — Bhāskara II, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s5.16) · Pramāṇa