[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s6.7 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s6.7 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s6.7 - **Language:** English ### [c4.s6.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6.7) The first text to describe the construction and use of the yantrarāja or astrolabe in Sanskrit was the Yantrarāja²⁷⁶ composed by Mahendra Sūri,²⁷⁷ a Jaina from Bhṛgupura, for Fīrūz Shāh in 1370. A commentary was composed by Mahendra’s pupil, Malayendu Sūri,²⁷⁸ in about 1382, and another, the Vilāsavatī, by Gopirāja²⁷⁹ in 1540. Mahendra has taken from an unidentified Arabic source not only the rules relating directly to the construction and use of the astrolabe (including a Ptolemaic star-catalogue adjusted for precession), but also a Sine table in which R = 3600 or 1, 0, 0 sexagesimally; a declination table in which ε = 23;35°; a list of cities (including a number in Islamic lands outside of India) with their latitudes expressed in degrees; and shadow tables for twelve and seven digit gnomons. - [Previous: c4.s6.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6.6) - [Next: c4.s6.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6.8) - [Up: c4.s6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6) ## Linked texts (1) - [Yantrarāja](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.islamic.yantraraja) — Mahendrasūri, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s6.7) · Pramāṇa