[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c4.s7 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s7: Miśraka Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c4.s7 - **Language:** English ### Miśraka ### [c4.s7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.1) In this section I intend to discuss briefly some minor Sanskrit texts on astronomy that do not fall into any of the normal categories. Most of these deal with one or several aspects of solar and lunar theory, and are related directly or indirectly to the production of pañcāṅgas or calendars. ### [c4.s7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.2) The earliest of these texts is the Dhīkoṭida²⁹⁰ composed by Śrīpati, the author of the Siddhāntaśekhara, in 1039; in it are succinctly described the computations of lunar and solar eclipses. There are commentaries written by Dinakara²⁹¹ in 1608 and by Harikṛṣṇa in ca. 1715. ### [c4.s7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.3) ²⁹⁰ Edited by N. K. MAZUMDAR, “Dhīkoṭikaraṇa of Śrīpati,” Calcutta Oriental Journal 1 (1934), 286–299, and by K. S. SHUKLA, Lucknow 1969. ### [c4.s7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.4) ²⁹¹ CESS A 3, 102a. ### [c4.s7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.5) A younger contemporary of Śrīpati was Daśabala,²⁹² a Buddhist who composed a Cintāmaṇisāraṇikā²⁹³ in 1055 during the reign of the Paramāra Bhoja. This treatise deals with the various elements—tithis, nakṣatras, yogas, etc.—of a pañcāṅga. A commentary was written by Mahādeva²⁹⁴ in 1258. ### [c4.s7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.6) ²⁹² CESS A 3, 96b–97a. ### [c4.s7.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.7) ²⁹³ Edited by D. D. KOSAMBI, “The Cintāmaṇisāraṇikā of Daśabala,” JOR Madras 19 (1952) suppl. ### [c4.s7.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.8) ²⁹⁴ CESS A 4. ### [c4.s7.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.9) Several centuries later, in 1522, Gaṇeśa, the author of the GL, wrote a brief Pātasādhana²⁹⁵ accompanied by tables that allow one to compute the times of occurrence of the two pātas of the Sun and the Moon, vaidhṛta and vyatīpāta. Commentaries on the Pātasādhana were composed by the Divākara who also commented on the Makaranda in the early seventeenth century, by Divākara’s cousin, Viśvanātha, and by Dinakara²⁹⁶ at Poona in 1839. ### [c4.s7.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.10) ²⁹⁵ I have used University of Pennsylvania 657 and 697. ### [c4.s7.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.11) ²⁹⁶ CESS A 3, 105b–106a. ### [c4.s7.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.12) A work on solar and lunar eclipses, the Parvadvayasādhana,²⁹⁷ was written by Mallāri²⁹⁸ in about 1588; this makes plausible his identification with the commentator on Gaṇeśa’s GL. To a large extent the Parvadvayasādhana consists of versified tables of variables necessary for the computation of the phases, durations, and magnitudes of eclipses. Commentaries were composed on it by Viśvanātha in the early seventeenth century, and by Kṛṣṇanātha Dvivedin²⁹⁹ at Vārāṇasī in 1787.³⁰⁰ ### [c4.s7.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.13) ²⁹⁷ I have used Oxford, CS d. 751 (10). ### [c4.s7.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.14) ²⁹⁸ CESS A 4. ### [c4.s7.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.15) ²⁹⁹ CESS A 4. ### [c4.s7.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.16) ³⁰⁰ I have used Oxford, CS e. 149 (10). ### [c4.s7.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.17) In about 1600 one Bābā,³⁰¹ the son of Rāma and the younger brother of Śiva, wrote a Pañcāngasiddhi³⁰² in which he gives annual increments for tithis, nakṣatras, yogas, and the week-days on which sidereal years begin for a period of 90 years. ### [c4.s7.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.18) ³⁰¹ CESS A 4. ### [c4.s7.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.19) ³⁰² I have used University of Pennsylvania 1800. ### [c4.s7.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.20) Viṣṇusiṃha wrote in Nepāla a work on solar and lunar computations, entitled Siddhāntasāra, of which parts survive in both Sanskrit and Nevārī;³⁰³ its epoch is Friday 19 March 1624. The same manuscript contains the chapters on solar and lunar eclipses from his Jyotiḥsāraṅga. ### [c4.s7.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.21) ³⁰³ I have used IO 3283f. ### [c4.s7.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.22) Perhaps the most interesting of these miscellaneous works is the Bhaṅgīvibhaṅgikaraṇa³⁰⁴ composed by Raṅganātha at Kāśī in about 1650 in defense of his brother, Munīśvara’s, SSBM. In this brief treatise Raṅganātha discusses in detail planetary models and computations, with critical comments on various aspects of the theories of the Paitāmahasiddhānta, Brahmagupta, the Sūryasiddhānta, Bhāskara’s SŚB, the Romasasiddhānta, the Vasiṣṭhasiddhānta, the Somasiddhānta, Jñānarāja, the Yavanas, and Lakṣmīdāsa’s and Nṛsiṃha’s commentaries on the SŚB. ### [c4.s7.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.23) ³⁰⁴ Edited by M. H. OJHA, Vārāṇasī 1959. ### [c4.s7.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.24) Finally, in this section mention should be made of the Grahalāghavacandrārkī³⁰⁵ composed by Prajārāma³⁰⁶ in Gujarāt in 1738. This work gives rules for computing the positions of the Sun and the Moon according to the Gaṇeśapakṣa without resorting to tables. ### [c4.s7.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.25) ³⁰⁵ I have used Baroda 3113. ### [c4.s7.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7.26) ³⁰⁶ CESS A 4. ## Linked texts (7) - [Īśānaśivagurudevapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.siddhanta.paddhati.isanasivagurudevapaddhati) — Īśānaśivagurudeva, Sanskrit - [Sūryasiddhānta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.suryasiddhanta) — Maya, Sanskrit - [Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.brahmasphutasiddhanta) — Brahmagupta, Sanskrit - [Paitāmahasiddhānta (lost early version)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.pitamaha) — Sanskrit - [Vāsiṣṭhasiddhānta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.vasistha) — Sanskrit - [Siddhāntaśekhara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.early.siddhantasekhara) — Śrīpati, Sanskrit - [Grahalāghava](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.siddhanta.karana.grahalaghava) — Gaṇeśa Daivajña 1520, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c4.s7) · Pramāṇa