[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c5.s1.14 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c5.s1.14 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c5.s1.14 - **Language:** English ### [c5.s1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.14) Śrīdhara evidently wrote his four works on mathematics between the time of Brahmagupta, whom he gently criticizes without naming,¹¹ and before Govindasvāmin, who quotes a verse from Śrīdhara’s Triśatikā in the Prakaṭārthadīpikā that he wrote in ca. 850.¹² Thus Śrīdhara flourished most probably in the eighth century. Though his work on algebra that was known to Bhāskara¹³ is now lost, there still survive three of his writings on arithmetic; all seem to be epitomes of a longer, lost work entitled Pāṭīgaṇita, Bṛhatpāṭī, or Navaśatī.¹⁴ The first of the three works is the incomplete Pāṭīgaṇita,¹⁵ of which we have some 251 verses (118 are sūtras in āryā meter, and 133 are udāharaṇāni mostly in āryā). Following BSS 12 it divides arithmetic into parikarmāṇi (Śrīdhara adds nine to Brahmagupta’s twenty) and vyavahārāḥ (Śrīdhara adds the mathematics of zero, which was treated in BSS 18, to Brahmagupta’s eight). The work begins with verses on mensuration (paribhāṣā). Unfortunately, the unique manuscript breaks off in the middle of the third vyavahāra (kṣetra). Sharing many verses with this Pāṭīgaṇita is the Pāṭīgaṇitasāra or Triśatikā.¹⁶ Despite its second title, this work contains only some 180 āryā verses, of which 73 are sūtras and 107 udāharaṇāni. It follows the order of the Pāṭīgaṇita and thereby provides some idea of the contents of vyavahārāḥ 4–8; but it fails to discuss the mathematics of zero. The third of Śrīdhara's works is entitled Gaṇitapañcaviṃśī, of which a fragment of two folia has recently been discovered.¹⁷ Of this work, written almost exclusively in ślokas, there survive 53 verses, of which 20 are udāharaṇāni; the section between the inverse rule of three (vyastatrairāśika) and the discussion of quadrilaterals in the section on plane geometry (kṣetra) is missing. - [Previous: c5.s1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.13) - [Next: c5.s1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.15) - [Up: c5.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1) ## Linked texts (2) - [Triśatikā (Pāṭīgaṇitasāra)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.ganita.patibija.trisatika) — Śrīdhara (mathematician), Sanskrit - [Pāṭīgaṇita](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.ganita.patibija.patiganita) — Śrīdhara (mathematician), Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.14) · Pramāṇa