[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c5.s1.60 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c5.s1.60 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c5.s1.60 - **Language:** English ### [c5.s1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.60) Less popular than the Līlāvatī because it is more difficult was Bhāskara’s Bījagaṇita.⁴⁵ This, the standard Sanskrit textbook on algebra, describes arithmetical operations involving positive and negative numbers and zero; irrational numbers; the pulverizer (virtually identical with the section on this subject in the Līlāvatī); “Pell’s equation” (the vargaprakṛti); the cyclic solution (cakravāla) thereof; various kinds of linear and quadratic equations with one or more unknowns; and equations involving the product of different unknowns (bhāvita). The Bījagaṇita was translated into Persian by ‘Aṭa’ Allāh Rushdī⁴⁶ for the Mughal Shāh Jahān (1628–1659) in 1634/5. It was commented on by Sūryadāsa at Pārthapura in 1538 (Sūryaprakāśa); by Kṛṣṇa⁴⁷ at Vārāṇasī in about 1600 (Bījāṅkura = Navāṅkura = Bījapallava = Kalpalatāvatāra); by Bhāskara⁴⁸ at Rājagiri in 1652 (Śiśubodhana); by Rāmakṛṣṇa⁴⁹ at Jalapura in the Sahyādri in 1687 (Bījaprabodha); by Haridāsa before 1725 (Vāsanā- bhāṣya); by Kṛpārāma at Ahmadābād in 1792 (Bālabodhinī); and by an obscure Nijānanda⁵⁰ (Bījālavāla). - [Previous: c5.s1.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.59) - [Next: c5.s1.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.61) - [Up: c5.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1) ## Linked texts (3) - [Bījagaṇita](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.ganita.patibija.bijaganita) — Bhāskara II, Sanskrit - [Kṛṣṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.vaisnava.stotra.krsna) — Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c5.s1.60) · Pramāṇa