[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Science, technology and education](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science) › [Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981) › c6.124 # Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c6.124 Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c6.124 - **Language:** English ### [c6.124](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6.124) However, one important method of divination that we cannot fail to mention is geomancy (ramala, from the Arabic raml), which seems to have been introduced into Sanskrit from Persian sources in the early Mughal period. The principal texts on the subject are the Ramalavaicitrya or Ramalabhāskara¹⁰⁰ of Rāma based on the teachings of the Yavanas (Muslims) (the oldest dated manuscript was copied in 1657); the Ramalenduprakāśa composed by Rudramaṇi Tripāṭhin in 1682; the Ramalarahasya¹⁰¹ written by Bhayabhañjana Śarman¹⁰² in about 1700; the Ramalotkarṣa or Ramalacintāmaṇi of Cintāmaṇi¹⁰³ (the earliest dated manuscript was copied in 1709); the Ramalasāra composed by Śrīpati at Gokula (the oldest dated manuscript was copied in 1718); and the Ramalanavaratna¹⁰⁴ composed by Paramasukha¹⁰⁵ at Kāśī in 1811. Finally, the court astrologer of Ranbir Singh, the Mahārāja of Jammu and Kashmir, Viśveśvara (who was still living in 1927), translated a Persian work on scapulomancy into Sanskrit for his royal patron under the title Skandhāsthipraśna.¹⁰⁶ - [Previous: c6.123](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6.123) - [Next: c6.125](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6.125) - [Up: c6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6) ## Linked texts (2) - [Ramalarahasya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.ramala.ramalarahasya) — Bhayabhañjana Śarman 1675, Sanskrit - [Ramalanavaratna](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.ramala.ramalanavaratna) — Paramasukha 1786, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6.124](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.science.pingree-1981.c6.124) · Pramāṇa