A History of Agriculture in India v1.c18.s2: Haryana
A History of Agriculture in India v1.c18.s2
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Contents
- v1.c18.s2.t1 Bhagwanpura — 11 parts
Haryana
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A recent survey has brought to light 391 protohistoric occupations in Haryana. They are in the valleys of the Sarasvati, the Drishdavati, the Sabi and the Yamuna.
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Siswal in the Hissar District represents a pre-Harappan phase in Haryana.
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Excavations at Mithathal, in the Bhiwani District by Suraj Bhan revealed three cultural levels, dating from *c.* 2000 B.C. to 1500 B.C. About 145 late Harappan settlements have been located in the Karnal, Kurukshetra, Ambala and Gurgaon districts.²
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² Suraj Bhan, 'The Protohistoric Settlement Patterns in Haryana', *Indian Inst. Adv. Studies*, Seminar, Simla, Nov. 1977
Bhagwanpura
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Bhagwanpura is situated on the right bank of the Sarasvati in the Kurukshetra District. Here, the late Harappan culture was found interlocked with the Painted Grey Ware culture. The excavations revealed different house types also. The earliest were semi-circular thatched huts supported on posts fixed in post holes. In one house, four saddle querns and different types of pestles were found. In the second structural phase, a mud-walled house complex was discovered. It had 13 rooms, with a corridor in between the two sets of rooms, and a courtyard on the eastern side. The size of the Fig. 70. A burial from Rupar. A number of pots, some containing foodgrains, were buried along with the corpse (Courtesy: Archaeological Survey of India)
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Fig. 69. Ringed soak-wells for draining waste water from houses in the Nalagarh mound (Courtesy: Archaeological Survey of India)
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Fig. 71. A reconstruction of the Harappan town near Chandigarh, c. 2000 B.C. (Courtesy: Museum of Evolution of Life, Chandigarh)
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Fig. 72. A reconstruction of the proto-historic village of Ahar (After H.D. Sankalia)
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Fig. 73. Excavation at Ahar near Udaipur, in Rajasthan. Corn bins and chulahs are shown. Rice grains were found along with pottery, 1800 B.C. (Courtesy: Archaeological Survey of India)
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Fig. 74. A well and a public drain at Lothal, a Harappan site in Saurashtra, 2300 B.C. (Courtesy: Archaeological Survey of India)
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rooms varied from 1.60 x 1.60 metres to 3.35 x 4.20 metres. From these rooms, besides copper objects, faience bangles and beads, terracotta ghata-shaped beads, bone styli, terracotta figures, Painted Grey Ware vessels and plain Grey Ware vessels and late Harappan pottery were discovered. A statistical analysis of the pottery revealed 2 to 5 per cent of the late Harappan element.
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In the third structural phase, the houses were built of baked bricks. Two skeletons discovered from this place were oriented north-south, conforming to the Harappan tradition, but there were no grave-goods.³
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³ Joshi, J.P. 'Overlap of Late Harappan Culture and P.G.W. Culture in Haryana, Punjab and Jammu', Indian Inst. Adv. Studies, Seminar, Simla, Nov. 1977
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Banawali lies in the dried-up course of the Sarasvati. It has revealed three culture sequences, viz. pre-Harappan—c. 2500 to 2200 B.C.; Harappan—c. 2200 to 1700 B.C.; and Bara Ware culture—c. 1700 to 1450 B.C.⁴
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⁴ Bisht, R.S. 'Harappa Culture in Punjab: A Study in Perspective', Indian Inst. Adv. Studies, Seminar, Simla, Nov. 1977