A History of Agriculture in India v1.c18.s8: Madhya Pradesh

A History of Agriculture in India v1.c18.s8

Language: English

v1.c18.s8.t1 Kayatha, District Ujjain — 4 parts
v1.c18.s8.t2 Nagda — 20 parts

Madhya Pradesh

Kayatha, District Ujjain

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The Kayatha culture was discovered by V.S. Wakankar in 1964. Kayatha is the ancient Kāpiṭṭhaka situated on the right bank of the River Choti Kali Sindh, a tributary of the Chambal, about 25 kilometres to the east of Ujjain.

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The Kayathans had distinctive pottery, copper tools and ornaments, and also lithic blades. Their houses were round or rectangular and had wooden posts, placed at intervals, supporting a split bamboo screen, plastered with mud inside as well as outside. The roofs were conical or flat.

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The Kayathans were the earliest settlers of Malwa who lived in houses, possessed wheel-made pottery, used tools and weapons of stone and copper or bronze and probably cultivated wheat. The period when the first settlement took place would be around 2000 B.C., as suggested by a few ¹⁴C dates. About 1800 B.C. the Kayathans disappeared from the scene.

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The people of Kayatha believed in the cult of the stylized bull. Kayatha has yielded a large number of these bulls in terracotta. A clay figure of a horse has also been discovered from Kayatha. It is a powerful piece of sculpture which conveys the restless energy of a horse.

Nagda

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Nagda on the Chambal was another important settlement. Like Kayatha it has thick debris of the Chalcolithic Period.

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Bisht, R.S. Harappa Culture in Punjab: A study in Perspective, *Indian Inst. Adv. Studies, Seminar*, Simla, Nov. 1977

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Deshpande, M.N. The Harappan Settlements in Ganga-Yamuna Doab, *Indian Inst. Adv. Studies, Seminar*, Simla, Nov. 1977

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Dikshit, M.G. Excavations at Rangpur, *Deccan College Res. Inst.* B, XI, 1950-51

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Ghosh, A. *Indian Archaeology, 1953-54—a Review*, New Delhi, 1954

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Joshi, J.P. Overlap of Late Harappan Culture and Painted Grey Ware Culture in the Light of Recent Excavations in Haryana, Punjab and Jammu, *Indian Inst. Adv. Studies, Seminar*, Simla, Nov. 1977

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Khatri, A.P. Koregaon: The Mid-Paleolithic cum Chalcolithic site on R. Bhima (Maharashtra), *Anthropologist*, Vol. IV (Nos. 1-2), pp. 14-9

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Lal, B.B. The Indus Script: Some Observations Based on Archaeology, *Jour. Roy. Asiatic Soc.*, 1975

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Mackay, E.J.H. *Further Excavations at Mohenjo-daro*, Delhi, 1938

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Marshall, J. *Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Culture*, Delhi, 1931

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Piggott, S. *Prehistoric India*, London, 1950

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Rao, S.R. The Excavations at Lothal, *Lalit Kala*, III-IV, 1956-57

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Rao, S.R. *Lothal and the Indus Civilization*, Bombay, 1973

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Sankalia, H.D. *The Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan*, Poona, 1974

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Sharma, Y.D. Transformation of the Harappa Culture in the Punjab, in *Archaeological Congress and Seminar*, 1972, Kurukshetra, 1976

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Sharma, Y.D. Value of Common Painted Ceramic Designs from Different Sites as Guide to Chronology with Special Reference to Pottery from Bara (Punjab), in *Radiocarbon and Indian Archaeology* (Ed. D.P. Agrawal and A. Ghosh), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 1973