A History of Agriculture in India v1.c49.1

Language: English

v1.c49.1.1

ABAYEV, V. Indo-European languages, 280 Aborigines, and the caste system, 308 *see also* Tribes Abyssinia diffusion of wheat, 103 hearth of agriculture, 269 origin of *Pennisetum*, 319 Acheulian Culture, 70, 78 Madhya Pradesh, 83 Maharashtra, 70 South India, 71 tools, 62 Adamgarh, M. P. cave drawings, 83 Mesolithic finds, 78 Adichanallur, Tamil Nadu pottery finds, 306 rice-grains finds, 306 Afghanistan, cultivated plants, 269 Africa centre of pearl-millet, 318, 319 fossil man, 55; sites (map) 52 hominid evolution, 53 *Homo erectus*, 64, 65 *Homo habilis*, 54-55 links with Indian fauna, 46 origin of sesame, 166 Aghatapura, *see* Ahar-Banasian culture Agricultural implements Buddhist period, 338 Gupta Age, 418 Kushan period, 401-2 later-Vedic, 317 Mauryan period, 361 Sanchi, 402 Satavahanas, 401 Agricultural practices and techniques Chalcolithic cultures, 113 Egypt, 113-14 *Jataka* accounts, 361 later-Vedic, 317-19 Agriculture and the Aryans, 315 beginnings of, 112 Buddhist period Greek account, 340-1 sources of information, 340 diffusion of, 268-69 discovery of, 101-2 and domestication of animals, 183 earliest, 266 Gupta Age, 416 Harappan, 156-82 hearths of 268-69 Kanauj empire, 428; Hiuen Tsang, 423-24 Neolithic, 101-4 Kashmir, 219-20 ninth century (India), 478 Sanskrit equivalent, 280 Satavahanas, 381, 391 South Indian king loms, 406 Vedic Age, 297-300 Agriculturists, later-Vedic, 308 Ahar-Banasian culture, 150-51 absence of stone tools, 151 jowar, 245 Ahichchhatra, U. P.

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burnt bricks, 314 painted grey pottery, 305 Ajmer forests, 30 Alampirpur, Harappan site, 148 ALBERUNI observations on India, 473-76 observations on Indo-Gangetic alluvium 7 Ali Kosh, Iran Neolithic site, 101 cereal harvesting, 102 Alkaline soils, 20 Alluvium Indo-Gangetic, 12-14 *see also* Holocene ALLCHIN, R. and ALLCHIN, B.

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burial of dogs, 219 hoof impressions, 235 Indus crops, 156-57 introduction of iron, 307 South India Neolithic culture, 233 Almonds oldest centre, 269 native home, 112 Alpaca, domestication, 183 Alpine zone, 27, 28 Alps, formation, 4 *Amarakosha* agricultural implements, 418 classification of soils, 416 leather, 426 vegetables, 418 America (pre-Columbian) absence of draught animals, 183 alpaca, domestication, 183 camels original home, 192 migration, 282 centres of origin of cultivated plants, 269 horse evolution, 282 migration, 282 llama,, domestication, 183 ploughless agriculture, 183 American Indians, 183 Amla (*Emblica officinalis*), 246 Amritsar, Harappan finds, 142 Andaman Islands mangrove forests, 41, 42 Onge tribes, 96 Andhra Chain-tanks, 459 cotton, 391 *see also* Satavahanas Andhra-Karnataka Neolithic cultures, 233-36 Anicuts, 457-58 Animal bones, later-Vedic, 316 Animal husbandry Aryan, 289 ass, 194 development, 183 Mauryan age, 365-78 Sintashta, USSR, 281 Animal products, 480 Animal sacrifice, 338 Animal toys, 184, 211 Animals cave drawings, 83-95 deification, 84 domestication, 101, 104-5, 107, 118, 183 horse, 182, 283 Neolithic age, 101 as food, 183 Harappa, 183-212 as power, 183 remains from Payampalli, 237 representations in pre-Harappan culture, 117 Sanskrit names of principal domesticated animals, 511 sculptures, 445-46 in transport, 433-34 in warfare, 433-34 Antelopes, 46 Anthropoid apes, fossils, 46-48 Apples, centre of origin, 269 *Apupa* cake, later-Vedic, 314 Arabs, cultivated plants, 113 Arboriculture, *see* Tree-planting *Aranyakas*, 303 Arecanut garden, 445 Argali sheep, 120 *Arthashastra* as source of information, 340 breeding bulls, 366 crops, 362 duties of graziers, 371-72 feed and fodder, 372 irrigation, 363 milk and milling, 372 pastures, 371 payment to workers, 357-58 quality of elephants, 374 social security, 358 villages, 352-54 Aridity and Harappan agriculture, 181 Artisans, Aryan, 294 Arts and crafts, Buddhist period, 346 ARYABHATA, 413 Aryan land (Saptsindhavah), 290 Aryans archaeological remains, 280, 291-92 Bronze Age, 278-89 camels unknown, 193 cultural and economic life, 308-16 destruction of Indus Valley civilization, 288-89 domestic animals, 316-17 dress, 293 ethnology, 292 Harappan civilization, 181-82 home of, 278 and horses, 278-289 and indigenous people, 290 Iron Age, 316 invasion of India, 288-89 later-Vedic, 301 massacre of Harappans, 181 and the Mittanis, 291 rapid transport, 288 society, 291 territory, 290 Asia, migration of camels to, 192 ASOKA and arboriculture, 379-84 and Bodhi tree, 379 and horticulture, 379-84 Asoka tree (*Saraca asoka*), 324 in sculpture, 398 Ass, 193-94 and animal husbandry, 194 Harappa, 183 Mauryan period, 373 pre-Harappan life, 129 progenitor of the mule, 194 Assam forests, 41 Neolithic sites, 262-63 products, 429 and Tethys Ocean, 1, 2 Assam Wedge, 6 Astrology, origin, 113 *Atharva Veda*, 301 Hymn to Earth, 303 Atranji Khera, U.

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P. Harappan site, 163 Painted Grey Pottery, 305 rice finds, 271 Auroch, 185 Australopithecines, 53-54 AVEBURY, Lod, 67 *Avesta*, and society, 279 Axes ground-stone, 237 iron (socketed), 305 Neolithic, 221