A History of Agriculture in India v2.c74.s3: Provinces Under the Regulation System
A History of Agriculture in India v2.c74.s3
- Language
- English
Provinces Under the Regulation System
v2.c74.s3.1
The regulation system extended, broadly speaking, to the plains of northern India, excluding the areas left in the hands of the Hindu chiefs, that is to say, to the provinces of Multan, Lahore, Delhi (excluding the Kumaon hills), Agra, Allahabad, and the bulk of Bihar. The southern parts of Allahabad and Bihar bordering on the Gondwana and the hill-country lying between Bihar and Bengal were excluded from its operations. The system was in force also in those parts of Ajmer which were not left to the chiefs and also in Malwa. In the outlying provinces, local practices were ordinarily continued.
v2.c74.s3.2
Lane-Poole thus sums up the main features of Akbar's revenue regulations. 'Care was taken to provide easy means of complaint when undue collections were exacted and to punish severely the guilty exactors. The number of minor officials employed in realizing the recorded dues was diminished by one-half. The cultivators were to be made responsible, jointly as well as severally; the cultivators of fallow land were to be favoured for two years; advances of seed and money were to be made when necessary, arrears being remitted in the case of small holdings. Collectors were to make yearly reports on the conduct of their subordinates. Monthly returns were to be transmitted to the imperial exchequer. Special reports were to be sent up of any special calamities, hail, flood, or drought. The collectors were to see that the farmers get receipts for their payments, which were to be remitted four times in the year; at the end of that period no balance should be outstanding. Payments were if possible to be voluntary, but the standing crops were theoretically hypothecated and, where needful, were to be attached. Above all, there was to be an accurate and minute record of each man's holding and liabilities. The very successful land-revenue system of British India is little more than a modification of these principles.²
v2.c74.s3.3
² Lane-Poole, Stanley, *Mediaeval India—Under Mohammedan Rule*, A.D. 712-1764, Vol. II, p. 182